API:Login
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 | Diese Seite ist Teil der Dokumentation der MediaWiki action API. |
MediaWiki API kann von Deiner Applikation oder Deinem Client verlangen, authentifizierte Benutzer-Credentials für (a) Query-Informationen oder datenmodifizierende Aktionen (b) die große Queries mit höheren Request-per-Limits vorzuweisen.
Zwei Methoden für die Authentifizierung
Es gibt zwei Wege, um sich bei der MediaWiki action API zu athentifizieren:
Methode 1. Login
Bot- und andere nichtinteraktive Applikationen sollten wenn verfügbar owner-only OAuth consumers verwenden, weil das sicherer ist. Wenn nicht verfügbar oder mit dem Client nicht anwendbar, kann die login-Action mit Botpasswörtern verwendet werden.
API-Dokumentation
action=login (lg)(main | login)
Log in and get authentication cookies. This action should only be used in combination with Special:BotPasswords; use for main-account login is deprecated and may fail without warning. To safely log in to the main account, use action=clientlogin. Parameters:
|
Beispiel
POST request
lgtoken in the request above is retrieved from API:Tokens
Response
{
"login": {
"lguserid": 21,
"result": "Success",
"lgusername": "William"
}
}
Sample code
Python
#!/usr/bin/python3
"""
login.py
MediaWiki API Demos
Demo of `Login` module: Sending post request to login
MIT license
"""
import requests
S = requests.Session()
URL = "https://www.mediawiki.org/w/api.php"
# Retrieve login token first
PARAMS_0 = {
'action':"query",
'meta':"tokens",
'type':"login",
'format':"json"
}
R = S.get(url=URL, params=PARAMS_0)
DATA = R.json()
LOGIN_TOKEN = DATA['query']['tokens']['logintoken']
print(LOGIN_TOKEN)
# Send a post request to login. Using the main account for login is not
# supported. Obtain credentials via Special:BotPasswords
# (https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:BotPasswords) for lgname & lgpassword
PARAMS_1 = {
'action':"login",
'lgname':"your_bot_username",
'lgpassword':"your_bot_password",
'lgtoken':LOGIN_TOKEN,
'format':"json"
}
R = S.post(URL, data=PARAMS_1)
DATA = R.json()
print(DATA)
PHP
<?php
/*
login.php
MediaWiki API Demos
Demo of `Login` module: Sending post request to login
MIT license
*/
$endPoint = "https://test.wikipedia.org/w/api.php";
$login_Token = getLoginToken(); // Step 1
loginRequest( $login_Token ); // Step 2
// Step 1: GET request to fetch login token
function getLoginToken() {
global $endPoint;
$params1 = [
"action" => "query",
"meta" => "tokens",
"type" => "login",
"format" => "json"
];
$url = $endPoint . "?" . http_build_query( $params1 );
$ch = curl_init( $url );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "/tmp/cookie.txt" );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "/tmp/cookie.txt" );
$output = curl_exec( $ch );
curl_close( $ch );
$result = json_decode( $output, true );
return $result["query"]["tokens"]["logintoken"];
}
// Step 2: POST request to log in. Use of main account for login is not
// supported. Obtain credentials via Special:BotPasswords
// (https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:BotPasswords) for lgname & lgpassword
function loginRequest( $logintoken ) {
global $endPoint;
$params2 = [
"action" => "login",
"lgname" => "your_bot_username",
"lgpassword" => "your_bot_password",
"lgtoken" => $logintoken,
"format" => "json"
];
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_URL, $endPoint );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POST, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query( $params2 ) );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "/tmp/cookie.txt" );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "/tmp/cookie.txt" );
$output = curl_exec( $ch );
curl_close( $ch );
echo( $output );
}
JavaScript
/*
edit.js
MediaWiki API Demos
Demo of `Login` module: Sending post request to login
MIT license
*/
var request = require('request').defaults({jar: true}),
url = "https://test.wikipedia.org/w/api.php";
// Step 1: GET request to fetch login token
function getLoginToken() {
var params_0 = {
action: "query",
meta: "tokens",
type: "login",
format: "json"
};
request.get({ url: url, qs: params_0 }, function (error, res, body) {
if (error) {
return;
}
var data = JSON.parse(body);
loginRequest(data.query.tokens.logintoken);
});
}
// Step 2: POST request to log in.
// Use of main account for login is not
// supported. Obtain credentials via Special:BotPasswords
// (https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:BotPasswords) for lgname & lgpassword
function loginRequest(login_token) {
var params_1 = {
action: "login",
lgname: "bot_username",
lgpassword: "bot_password",
lgtoken: login_token,
format: "json"
};
request.post({ url: url, form: params_1 }, function (error, res, body) {
if (error) {
return;
}
console.log(body);
});
}
// Start From Step 1
getLoginToken();
MediaWiki JS
/*
login.js
MediaWiki API Demos
Demo of `Login` module: Sending request to login
MIT License
*/
var api = new mw.Api();
api.login( 'your_bot_username', 'your_bot_password' ).done( function ( data ) {
console.log( 'You are logged in as ' + data.login.lgusername );
} );
As of MediaWiki 1.27, using the main account for login is not supported. Obtain credentials via Special:BotPasswords or use
clientlogin method. Logging in and remaining logged in requires correct HTTP cookie handling by your client on all requests. In the above example, we are showing how a session object requests.Session() helps persist cookies.Method 2. clientlogin
Interactive applications such as custom editors or patrolling applications that provide a service without intending to fully replace the website or mobile apps that aim to completely replace access to the web-based user interface should use the clientlogin action.
However, one should prefer using OAuth if it is available for authenticating the tool, as it is easier and more secure.
This module is available since MediaWiki 1.27.
API documentation
action=clientlogin (login)(main | clientlogin)
Log in to the wiki using the interactive flow. The general procedure to use this module is:
Parameters:
Examples:
|
Example 1: Process for a wiki without special authentication extensions
POST request
api.php?
Obtain token login in the request above via API:Tokens.
Response
{
"clientlogin":{
"status":"PASS",
"username":"William"
}
}
Sample code
| clientlogin.py |
|---|
#!/usr/bin/python3
"""
clientlogin.py
MediaWiki Action API Code Samples
Demo of `clientlogin` module: Sending post request to login
This demo app uses Flask (a Python web development framework).
MIT license
"""
import requests
from flask import Flask, render_template, flash, request
S = requests.Session()
URL = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php"
# App config.
DEBUG = True
APP = Flask(__name__)
APP.config.from_object(__name__)
APP.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'enter_your_secret_key'
@APP.route("/", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def show_form():
""" Render form template and handle form submission request """
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.form['username']
password = request.form['password']
start_client_login(username, password)
return render_template('clientlogin_form.html')
def start_client_login(username, password):
""" Send a post request along with login token, user information
and return URL to the API to log in on a wiki """
login_token = fetch_login_token()
response = S.post(url=URL, data={
'action': "clientlogin",
'username': username,
'password': password,
'loginreturnurl': 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/',
'logintoken': login_token,
'format': "json"
})
data = response.json()
if data['clientlogin']['status'] == 'PASS':
flash('Login success! Welcome, ' + data['clientlogin']['username'] + '!')
else:
flash('Oops! Something went wrong -- ' + data['clientlogin']['messagecode'])
def fetch_login_token():
""" Fetch login token via `tokens` module """
response = S.get(
url=URL,
params={
'action': "query",
'meta': "tokens",
'type': "login",
'format': "json"})
data = response.json()
return data['query']['tokens']['logintoken']
if __name__ == "__main__":
APP.run()
|
| form.html |
|---|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<title>MediaWiki Log in</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<div class="container">
<h2>MediaWiki Log in</h2>
<form action="" method="post" role="form">
<div class="form-group">
<div class="form-field">
<div class="label-field">Username</div>
<input name="username">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<div class="label-field">Password</div>
<input type="password" name="password">
</div>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Log in</button>
</form>
<br>
{% with messages = get_flashed_messages(with_categories=true) %}
{% if messages %}
{% for message in messages %}
<div class="alert alert-info">
{{ message[1] }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% endwith %}
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
|
Example 2: Process for a wiki with special authentication extensions
A wiki with special authentication extensions such as ConfirmEdit (captchas), OpenID, OATHAuth (two factor authentication), may have a more complicated authentication process. Specific fields might also be required in that case, the description of which could be fetched from the API:Authmanagerinfo query.
Step 1: Answer the Captcha and select OpenID authentication
Vom Client wird erwartet, den Browser des Benutzers zum bereitgestellten
redirecttarget weiterzuleiten. Der OpenID-Anbieter sollte authentifizieren und zu Special:OpenIDConnectReturn im Wiki weiterleiten, was die OpenID-Antwort validieren würde und dann weiterleiten zur loginreturnurl, die im ersten POST an die API bereitgestellt wurde, mit angehängten code- und state-Parametern. Der Client erhält an diesem Punkt die Konktrolle über den Prozess zurück und macht seine nächste API-Anfrage.| Response |
|---|
{
"clientlogin": {
"status": "REDIRECT",
"redirecttarget": "https://openid.example.net/openid-auth.php?scope=openid&response_type=code&client_id=ABC&redirect_uri=https://wiki.example.org/wiki/Special:OpenIDConnectReturn&state=XYZ123",
"requests": [
{
"id": "OpenIdConnectResponseAuthenticationRequest",
"metadata": {},
"required": "required",
"provider": "OpenID Connect at example.net",
"account": "",
"fields": {
"code": {
"type": "string",
"label": "OpenID Code",
"help": "OpenID Connect code response"
},
"state": {
"type": "string",
"label": "OpenID State",
"help": "OpenID Connect state response"
},
}
}
]
}
}
|
Step 2: Back from OpenID
Nun muss der Client die Benutzer bitten, ihre Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierungs-App für den aktuellen Code zu prüfen und dies zurück an den Server zu übermitteln, um den Authentifizierungsprozess fortzusetzen.
| Response |
|---|
{
"clientlogin": {
"status": "UI",
"message": "Two-factor authentication",
"requests": [
{
"id": "TwoFactorAuthenticationRequest",
"metadata": {},
"required": "required",
"provider": "",
"account": "",
"fields": {
"code": {
"type": "string",
"label": "Code",
"help": "Two-factor authentication code"
}
}
}
]
}
}
|
Step 3: Two-factor authentication
Beachte: In bestimmten Fällen ist es möglich, eineRESTART-Antwort zu erhalten, zum Beispiel, wenn die OpenID Connect-Erweiterung kein Mappung für den OpenID-Account eines lokalen Benutzers findet. In diesem Fall kann der Client dien Loginprozess ganz von vorn neustarten oder zur Accounterstellung wechseln wollen. In beiden Fällen gibt er den loginpreservestate- oder den createpreservestate-Parameter mit, um einige Status zu erhalten.
| Response |
|---|
{
"clientlogin": {
"status": "PASS",
"username": "Alice"
}
}
|
Possible errors
| Code | Info |
|---|---|
| Failed | Falscher Benutzername oder falsches Passwort eingegeben. Bitte erneut versuchen. |
| WrongToken | Fehlerhaftes Token übergeben |
| NeedToken | `lgtoken` not provided |
| Aborted | Login besser mit dem Hauptpasswort statt mit beiden Passwörtern |
| mustpostparams | The following parameters were found in the query string, but must be in the POST body: $1. |
Zusätzliche Anmerkungen
- In Wikis, die anonymes Bearbeiten erlauben ist möglich, mit der API zu bearbeiten, ohne sich einzuloggen, aber es ist sehr empfehlenswert, dass Du dich einloggst. In privaten Wikis ist das Einloggen für jeder API-Funktinalität erforderlich.
- It is recommended to create a separate user account for your application. This is especially important if your application is carrying out automated editing or invoking large or performance-intensive queries. With that, it is easy to track changes made by the application and apply special rights to the application's account.
- If you are sending a request that should be made by a logged-in user, add
assert=userparameter to the request you are sending in order to check whether the user is logged in. If the user is not logged-in, anassertuserfailederror code will be returned. - To check if an account has bot rights, add
assert=botparameter to the request. If the account does not have bot rights, anassertbotfailederror code will be returned.
Siehe auch
- API:Userinfo - Gibt Informationen über den aktuell eingeloggten Benutzer zurück
- Interactive login with action=clientlogin in mwapi
