Extensie:CheckUser

MediaWiki Handleiding extensies

CheckUser Release status: stabiel
Implementatie	Speciale pagina , Gebruikersidentiteit , API , Hook , Database
Beschrijving	CheckUser function allows a user with permissions to check which IPs are used by a given username and which usernames are used by a given IP, without having to run queries directly against the database by hand.
Auteur(s)	Tim Starling, Aaron Schulz
Laatste versie	2.5 (continuous updates)
Compatibiliteit beleid	Snapshots releases samen met MediaWiki. Master is niet achterwaarts compatibel.
MediaWiki	1.35+
PHP	7.4.3+
Database wijzigingen	Ja
Tabellen	cu_changes cu_log_event cu_private_event cu_log
Licentie	GNU General Public Licentie 2.0 of hoger
Download	Extensie downloaden Git [?]: Download Git master blader door de repository (Phabricator · GitHub) commitgeschiedenis repository beheerders (GitHub) code review
Parameters $wgCheckUserGBtoollink $wgCheckUserCAMultiLock $wgCheckUserLogSuccessfulBotLogins $wgCheckUserLogLogins $wgCUPublicKey $wgCheckUserCAtoollink $wgCUDMaxAge $wgCheckUserCIDRLimit $wgCheckUserMaxBlocks $wgCheckUserForceSummary $wgCheckUserEnableSpecialInvestigate $wgCheckUserLogAdditionalRights $wgCheckUserMaximumRowCount $wgCheckUserInvestigateMaximumRowCount $wgCheckUserTemporaryAccountMaxAge $wgCheckUserEventTablesMigrationStage $wgCheckUserCollapseCheckUserHelperByDefault
Toegevoegde rechten checkuser checkuser-log checkuser-temporary-account investigate
Gebruikte hooks AuthManagerLoginAuthenticateAudit BeforePageDisplay ContributionsToolLinks EmailUser GetPreferences LoadExtensionSchemaUpdates LocalUserCreated PerformRetroactiveAutoblock RecentChange_save RenameUserSQL SaveUserOptions SpecialPage_initList User::mailPasswordInternal UserLogoutComplete UserMergeAccountFields UserToolLinksEdit
Beschikbare hooks SpecialCheckUserGetLinksFromRow CheckUserFormatRow CheckUserSubtitleLinks CheckUserInsertChangesRow CheckUserInsertLogEventRow CheckUserInsertPrivateEventRow
Downloads kwartaal	261 (Ranked 42nd)
Publieke wiki's die het gebruiken	9,118 (Ranked 13th)
Vertaal de CheckUser extensie indien beschikbaar op translatewiki.net
Problemen	Open taken · Rapporteer een bug

Deze pagina gaat over de extensie zelf. Voor het CheckUser beleid van de Wikimedia Foundation, zie m:CheckUser policy.

CheckUser is an extension that allows a user (with the checkuser permission) to check which IP addresses are used by a given username and which usernames are used by a given IP, without having to run queries directly against the database by hand. The extension is running live on all Wikimedia wikis.

Download

De extensie kan direct uit Git worden opgehaald ^[?]:

• Code bekijken
• Enkele extensies hebben een tag voor een stabiele release.
  • Tags bekijken
  • Tag selecteren
  • Klik op "snapshot"
• Elke branch is geassocieerd met een MediaWiki release. Er is ook een "master" branch die de meest recente alpha versie bevat. (Daar kan een alpha versie van MediaWiki bij nodig zijn).
  • Branches bekijken
  • Branchnaam selecteren
  • Klik op "Doorgaan"

Pak het snapshot en plaats het in de map extensions/CheckUser/ van uw MediaWiki installatie.

Als u met Git vertrouwd ben en shell-toegang hebt op uw server, dan kun u ook de extensie als volgt ophalen:

cd extensions/ git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/extensions/CheckUser.git

Installatie

The extension is released under the GNU General Public License 2.0 or later. The software is provided as-is. Updates will be made according to the needs of Wikimedia wikis; or where critical vulnerabilities are discovered.

Op een bestaande wiki

Basic

• If you have installed other extensions without running php maintenance/update.php, run that first.

• Download en plaats de bestanden in de map CheckUser in de map extensions/.
• Alleen bij installeren vanuit Git, run Composer om PHP afhankelijkheden te installeren, door het publiceren van composer install --no-dev in de extensie-map. (Zie taak T173141 voor potentiële problemen.)
• Voeg de volgende code onderaan aan het bestand LocalSettings.php toe:

  wfLoadExtension( 'CheckUser' );
  

• Voer het update script uit, dat automatisch de vereiste database-tabellen creëert die nodig zijn voor de extensie.
• Configure as required.
•  Klaar – Navigeer naar Special:Version op de wiki om te controleren dat de extensie geïnstalleerd is.

When installing from Git, please note that this extension requires Composer/nl .

So, after installation from Git change to the directory containing the extension e.g. "../extensions/CheckUser/" and run composer install --no-dev, or when updating: composer update --no-dev.

Alternatively as well as preferably add the line "extensions/CheckUser/composer.json" to the "composer.local.json" file in the root directory of your wiki like e.g.

{
	"extra": {
		"merge-plugin": {
			"include": [
				"extensions/CheckUser/composer.json"
			]
		}
	}
}

Installing without command prompt access

Many hosting providers don't allow direct shell access, but allow creation of cron jobs (e.g. via cPanel web interface). For those hosting providers a temporary cron job can be used to run php /path/to/install.php (naturally /path/to should be replaced with real full path to install.php). If you are using a remote server and do not have command prompt access (nor cron job solution is suitable for you), but do have access through phpMyAdmin, substitute these steps for step #2 above:

1. Choose and download the tables_generated.sql file from the CheckUser/schema folder. Navigate in to the folder of the DB you are running to find the files.

1. In phpMyAdmin, click the database you're using for MediaWiki along the left side

1. On the next screen, click the "Import" tab at the top.

1. At "Location of the text file", choose one of the files, select compression "None", and click the bottom "Go" button.

1. If your phpMyAdmin screen has only a text field and no text file chooser, click the "SQL" button in the left-side column, under the phpMyAdmin logo, and click the "import files" tab in the new window that opens.

1. Herhaal voor het tweede bestand

Op een nieuwe wiki

Follow step 1 as above, then run the MediaWiki installation. The MediaWiki installer will automatically perform the installation tasks if you select the checkbox for CheckUser when prompted for which extensions to install.

Using Mediawiki-Docker

Follow the steps in MediaWiki-Docker/Extension/CheckUser to install this extension inside a MediaWiki Docker instance.

Configuratie

This tool copies recent changes data to separate tables, and adds to that when new entries are added. If $wgPutIPinRC is set to false, the copied data will not contain the associated IP address. However, entries added after installation of this extension will contain the IP address.

After installation of this extension, you can reduce $wgRCMaxAge to make recentchanges shorter without affecting checkuser. Use $wgCUDMaxAge to set how far back checkuser data can go, in seconds.

The CheckUser-specific setting $wgCheckUserCIDRLimit determines the largest range that can be checked in a single check. Its format is the same as $wgBlockCIDRLimit . The default limit is /32 for IPv6 checks and /16 for IPv4 checks.

To allow this tool to log successful and failed login attempts as well as logouts, set $wgCheckUserLogLogins to true. If you have bot accounts on your wiki, setting $wgCheckUserLogSuccessfulBotLogins to false will skip logging successful login attempts to bot accounts.

Granting right to use CheckUser

To grant the right to use Special:CheckUser, Special:Investigate and Special:CheckUserLog, a user with user rights management must go to Special:UserRights and enter the user's name in the box, then select the option "checkuser". Once this is done, the aforementioned special pages will show up in Special:SpecialPages page for that user.

To allow users to access the IP addresses of temporary accounts, they should be granted the checkuser-temporary-account right.

To give sysops all the rights this extension provides, put the following into LocalSettings.php:

$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['checkuser'] = true;
$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['checkuser-log'] = true;
$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['investigate'] = true;
$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['checkuser-temporary-account'] = true;

To only allow the adding and removing of the checkuser permission, use the following instead:

$wgAddGroups['sysop'][] = 'checkuser';
$wgRemoveGroups['sysop'][] = 'checkuser';

Configuratie

Configuration settings in extension.json

parameter	default	opmerking
$wgCUDMaxAge	7776000	How long to keep CU data (in seconds)? (default = 3 months)
$wgCheckUserMaxBlocks	200	Mass block limits
$wgCheckUserForceSummary	false	Set this to true if you want to force checkusers into giving a reason for each check they do through Special:CheckUser. (Not very useful, given that checkusers could simply give a summary such as "they need to be checked" or "I feel like it" and the software would not know.)
$wgCheckUserCIDRLimit	[ 'IPv4' => 16, 'IPv6' => 32 ]	Shortest CIDR limits that can be checked in any individual range check
$wgCUPublicKey	''	Public key to encrypt private data that may need to be read later. Generate a public key with something like: openssl genrsa -out cu.key 2048; openssl rsa -in cu.key -pubout > cu.pub and paste the contents of cu.pub here
$wgCheckUserCAMultiLock	false	This can be used to add a link to Special:MultiLock by CentralAuth to the Special:CheckUser's mass block form. This requires the Extensie:CentraalAanmelden extension to be installed on the wiki. To enable this, set this to an array with a central wiki's database name and an array with the name(s) of the global group(s) to add the link for. For example: $wgCheckUserCAMultiLock = [ 'centralDB' => 'metawiki', 'groups' => [ 'steward' ] ];
$wgCheckUserCAtoollink	false	Since 77360f1cf1d2. This adds a link to central wiki Special:CentralAuth to the Special:CheckUser's "Get users" results. This requires the Extensie:CentraalAanmelden extension to be installed on the wiki. To enable this, set this with a central wiki's database name. For example: $wgCheckUserCAtoollink = 'metawiki';
$wgCheckUserGBtoollink	false	Since 77360f1cf1d2. This adds a link to local or central wiki Special:GlobalBlock to the Special:CheckUser's "Get users" results. This requires the GlobalBlocking extension to be installed on the wiki. To enable this, if a $wgConf is configured, set this to an array with a central wiki's database name and an array with the name(s) of the local (or global if you have Extensie:CentraalAanmelden installed) group(s) to add the link for. For example: $wgCheckUserGBtoollink = [ 'centralDB' => 'metawiki', 'groups' => [ 'steward', 'staff' ] ];
$wgCheckUserEnableSpecialInvestigate	false (<=1.39) true (1.40+)	Since 57dcfe46d2e4. This enables Special:Investigate, an updated version of Special:CheckUser that allows checking for multiple user accounts and IP addresses within one investigation.
$wgCUPublicKey	''	Used with an associated private key to encrypt certain data that is not shown to CUs but stored in the cu_changes or cu_private_event table. Currently this is only the recipients of emails. Without a valid public key the data will not be stored.
$wgCheckUserLogLogins	false	Whether CheckUser should log login attempts (both successful and not) in the checkUser table.
$wgCheckUserLogSuccessfulBotLogins	true	Whether CheckUser should store successful login attempts to accounts with the bot user group if $wgCheckUserLogLogins is set to true. Only is used if $wgCheckUserLogLogins is true
$wgCheckUserMaximumRowCount	5000	The maximum number of results that can be returned by Special:CheckUser. Before MediaWiki 1.39, in the 'Get edits' and 'Get IPs' results having over 5000 results would return the results in a different format. From MediaWiki 1.39 this is the maximum number of results to show by page and more can be generated using the paging links
$wgCheckUserInvestigateMaximumRowCount	25000	Similar to $wgCheckUserMaximumRowCount, but for Investigate
$wgCheckUserTemporaryAccountMaxAge (1.40+)	86400	The number of seconds for which the temporary account API response is fresh.
$wgCheckUserEventTablesMigrationStage (1.40+)	3	Used to control the migration stage of log events stored in cu_changes to the new cu_log_event and cu_private_event tables. Is temporary and will be removed once migration is complete.

Special:CheckUser usage

Basic interface

1. Go to Special:CheckUser.

1. In the user field, type in the username (without the User: prefix), IP address, or CIDR range.

1. • IP: any IPv4 or IPv6 address.

1. • CIDR: you can check a range of IP addresses by appending the CIDR prefix (by default, up to /16 for IPv4 (65,536 addresses), up to /64 for IPv6 (~1.8446*10¹⁹ addresses) before gerrit:7352, up to /48 for IPv6 (~1.2089*10²⁴ addresses or 65536 /64s - controlled by $wgCheckUserCIDRLimit in the latest version) after revision 7352, and up to /32 (65536 /48's) after phab:rECHU9d7c239bf88866eca577f3241194d440f94fa014).

For notation, see Help:Geblokkeerde IP-adressen .

1. • XFF: you can check a client IP address provided by X-Forwarded-For headers by appending /xff (for example, 127.0.0.1/xff).

1. Select the information you want to retrieve.

1. • IP-adressen opvragen - returns IP addresses used by a registered user.
   • Bewerkingen opvragen - returns all edits and logged actions made by users using an IP address or range specified in the target field, or if the target is a user all edits and logged actions by that user.
   • Gebruikers opvragen - returns user accounts that have edited from an IP or range.

1. In the "Reden:" field, type in the reason you are accessing the confidential data.

Try to succinctly summarise the situation (for example, "cross-wiki spam"); this will be logged in a log visible only to users with the checkuser-log permission.

• Screenshots
• 

  Basic CheckUser interface

• 

  Example username check

• 

  Example IP check

• 

  Example Get edits check

• 

  Example log

Information returned

A typical entry in the CheckUser results for a user summary ("get users") is as follows:

• Example (talk | contribs | block) (Check) (20:11, 27 mei 2023 -- 20:12, 27 mei 2023) [5]
  1. 127.0.0.37 XFF: 127.0.0.1, 127.0.0.5

1. Example user agent

This is formatted to fit a lot of information into a format that can very easily be listed and skimmed, but is difficult to read unless you know what the information provided is. The information is laid out as follows:

• username (user links) (time period when they edited from the given IP or range) [number of edits from the IP or range]
  1. IP address edited from XFF: XFF information provided (can be spoofed)

Each IP/XFF combination used to edit is listed, in order of use.

The last ten user agents (browser, operating system, system language, and versions) for each user for edits made in the IP or range are listed afterwards.

XFF Format

XFF (X-Forwarded-For) headers indicate the series of IP addresses used from the user's computer (first) to the last proxy server. In case of Wikimedia, the last proxy server is one of the Wikimedia proxies (listed under $wgCdnServersNoPurge in the Wikimedia configuration file).

In dit voorbeeld:

aaa.aaa.aaa.aaa XFF: 10.4.46.42, 127.0.0.1, aaa.aaa.aaa.aaa, 208.80.152.46

• the first two addresses (10.4.46.42, 127.0.0.1) are private to the originating network and can't be reached directly from the public Internet,

• the third address (aaa.aaa.aaa.aaa) is the "public face" of the editor, usually a broadband or dial-up ISP, a company gateway, (but possibly an anonymizer or a malware-compromised server),

• the last address (208.80.152.46) is one of the Wikimedia squids (sq36.wikimedia.org).

MediaWiki configuration settings $wgUsePrivateIPs , $wgCdnServers , $wgCdnServersNoPurge and extensions using the IsTrustedProxy hook (such as Extension:TrustedXFF ) change the way an actual IP address used to attribute edits is selected.

Personal tool links

When you get results from Special:CheckUser you can add personal user tool links via two interface messages:

• MediaWiki:checkuser-userlinks-ip for IP addresses (for example m:MediaWiki:checkuser-userlinks-ip)

• MediaWiki:Checkuser-userlinks for registered users (for example m:MediaWiki:Checkuser-userlinks)

• MediaWiki:checkuser-toollinks - for IPs in the 'Get IP Addresses' check type (for example m:MediaWiki:checkuser-toollinks)

Special:Investigate usage

Basic usage

1. Go to Special:Investigate.

1. In the Usernames and IP addresses field, type in up to 10 targets, which may be usernames (without the User: prefix), IP addresses, or CIDR ranges.
2. In the Reason field, enter the reason you are accessing the confidential data, as described in the Special:CheckUser instructions above; this will be logged in a log visible only to users with the checkuser-log permission.

• Screenshots
• 

  Input form

• 

  Account information tab

• 

  IPs and user agents tab

• 

  Timeline tab

For advanced feature usage, see Help:Special Investigate.

Customizing tool links

As with Special:CheckUser, links to external tools can be customized.

The links are defined in the checkuser-investigate-compare-toollinks message. This message is parsed to find links, which are added to the menu in the IPs and user agents tab.

Showing IPs for temporary accounts

MediaWiki-versie:

≥ 1.40

The CheckUser extension will show since MediaWiki 1.40 a button that is displayed next to temporary account user links which allows the revealing of their IP address.

This functionality is available exclusively to users with the checkuser-temporary-account privilege, granting them the ability to view the IP addresses that are linked to temporary accounts. To access this information, the Enable revealing IP addresses for temporary accounts feature must be enabled on the user's Special:Preferences page.

These buttons will appear wherever user links are shown for a temporary account, such as when viewing page histories or in Special:Contributions. However, these will not be shown on Special:CheckUser, Special:Investigate or Special:InvestigateBlock.

API

CheckUser bied ook een API.

CheckUser and CheckUserLog API

CheckUser provides an API that allows access to the information shown on Special:CheckUser and Special:CheckUserLog. These two APIs work fairly similarly to the special pages, but the reason for a check using the checkuser API is prefixed with "API:" to indicate they were made using the API. Example usages of these APIs are shown below.

CheckUser API

api.php?action=query&list=checkuser&curequest=userips&cutarget=Jimbo_Wales
api.php?action=query&list=checkuser&curequest=edits&cutarget=127.0.0.1/16&xff=1&cureason=Some_check

CheckUserLog API

api.php?action=query&list=checkuserlog&culuser=WikiSysop&cullimit=25
api.php?action=query&list=checkuserlog&cultarget=127.0.0.1&culfrom=20111015230000

Temporary Account Reveal API

MediaWiki-versie:

≥ 1.40

Usage

The TemporaryAccountHandler class offers API endpoints for retrieving the IP addresses associated with temporary user accounts. To access this information, the Enable revealing IP addresses for temporary accounts feature must be enabled on the user's Special:Preferences page.

API endpoint

GET /rest.php/checkuser/v0/temporaryaccount/{name} where {name} is the user name you want to look up

Response

If the request is successful, the API will respond with a JSON object containing the following fields:

Name	Type	Description
ips	string[]	IPs of the given temporary account

If the request fails, the API will respond with an appropriate error code and message.

Example request

GET /rest.php/checkuser/v0/temporaryaccount/*Unregistered%202

Example response

{"ips": [ "114.127.69.62" , "212.47.235.82" , "212.47.235.81" ]}

TemporaryAccountRevisionHandler

The TemporaryAccountRevisionHandler class offers API endpoints for viewing the IP associated with a revision for temporary accounts. You can specify one or multiple revision IDs in the query string.

API endpoint

GET /rest.php/checkuser/v0/temporaryaccount/*Unregistered%203/revisions/{revisionId} where {revisionId} is the revision ID(s) you want to look up separated by the | character.

Response

If the request is successful, the API will respond with a JSON object containing the following fields:

Name	Type	Description
ips	dictionary	The revision ID as the key and the associated IP address as the value.

If the request fails, the API will respond with an appropriate error code and message.

Example request

GET /rest.php/checkuser/v0/temporaryaccount/*Unregistered%203/revisions/31

Example response

{"ips":{"31":"40.175.36.227"}}

Example request with multiple revisions

GET /w/rest.php/checkuser/v0/temporaryaccount/*Unregistered%205/revisions/194|193

Example response

{"ips":{"194":"40.175.36.227","193":"1.2.3.4"}}