Thank you for your answer.
I did run update.php, as i have mentioned above.
I have now added $wgShowExceptionDetails = true; to my LocalSettings and again run sudo -u www-data php update.php. This time it returned:
MediaWiki 1.28.2 Updater
Your composer.lock file is up to date with current dependencies!
[fca32ac38af55bce3e3aab88] [no req] InvalidArgumentException from line 357 of /var/lib/mediawiki/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php: Database::factory no viable database extension found for type 'mysql'
Backtrace:
#0 /var/lib/mediawiki/includes/libs/rdbms/loadbalancer/LoadBalancer.php(852): Database::factory(string, array)
#1 /var/lib/mediawiki/includes/libs/rdbms/loadbalancer/LoadBalancer.php(684): LoadBalancer->reallyOpenConnection(array, boolean)
#2 /var/lib/mediawiki/includes/libs/rdbms/loadbalancer/LoadBalancer.php(576): LoadBalancer->openConnection(integer, boolean)
#3 /var/lib/mediawiki/includes/GlobalFunctions.php(3075): LoadBalancer->getConnection(integer, array, boolean)
#4 /var/lib/mediawiki/maintenance/Maintenance.php(1250): wfGetDB(integer, array, boolean)
#5 /var/lib/mediawiki/maintenance/update.php(144): Maintenance->getDB(integer)
#6 /var/lib/mediawiki/maintenance/doMaintenance.php(111): UpdateMediaWiki->execute()
#7 /var/lib/mediawiki/maintenance/update.php(217): require_once(string)
#8 {main}
According to spezial:version my mediawiki version is 1.28.2 and my math extension is version 3.0.0 (1097ee7) 06:38, 1. Feb. 2017.
yours, Ciciban (talk) 12:17, 21 August 2017 (UTC)