Handbuch:Wartungsskripte

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This page is a translated version of the page Manual:Maintenance scripts and the translation is 13% complete.
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Wartungsskripte werden genutzt, um verschiedene Aufgaben wie Administration, Import, Wartung, Berichte und Upgrades durchzuführen. Die Skripte sind in PHP geschrieben und liegen im maintenance Unterverzeichnis von MediaWiki Installationen.

Es gibt Dutzende von Skripten, die in ihrer Nützlichkeit und Qualität unterscheiden. Sie sollten die Dokumentation eines Skripts gründlich lesen, bevor Sie es nutzen. Wenn ein Skript nicht dokumentiert ist, seien Sie besonders vorsichtig in der Benutzung.

Konfiguration

The $wgDBadminuser and $wgDBadminpassword configuration variables must be set in order to run maintenance scripts that need to alter the structure of the database (like Manual:update.phpManual:update.php) if the user configured in Handbuch:$wgDBuserManual:$wgDBuser doesn't have enough permissions. Alternatively, you can pass the --dbuser and --dbpass parameters to the script. The values for these variables differ based on the database engine that is being used to power your installation of MediaWiki. Wenn nichts konfiguriert wurde, wird der Nutzer verwendet, der in Handbuch:$wgDBuserManual:$wgDBuser spezifiziert wurde.

MySQL

Some of the maintenance scripts require database permissions that, for security reasons, the main MediaWiki database account should not have. A separate database account with 'superuser' privileges for just the MediaWiki database should be created (if it does not already exist.) If the database that you use for MediaWiki is called wikidb, then the following SQL would create such a user who can exercise superuser privileges on localhost.: 

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wikidb.* TO 'wikidbadmin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'strong-password';

Once the account exists, the account name should be set in the $wgDBadminuser configuration variable. Like other configuration variables, $wgDBadminuser should be set in LocalSettings.php. A password for $wgDBadminuser must be set in the $wgDBadminpassword configuration variable.

PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL uses a different security model than MySQL and the same PostgreSQL server account used for day-to-day operation of the MediaWiki installation must also be used for running the maintenance scripts. This is necessary to ensure that the owner for new tables created by the maintenance scripts is set correctly. You don't need to set $wgDBadminuser or $wgDBadminpassword at all.

Running the scripts

Example of IP address and FTP user name and password on the Godaddy.com hosting site.

The maintenance scripts must then be run from the command line. Users who do not access the server directly from its terminal will usually establish a connection through ssh. For Linux/Unix users this is by using the ssh client in a shell. For Windows users the use of a ssh client application such as the one introduced below is required.

Required program for Windows users: PuTTY or any terminal emulator

Under the Host Name (or IP address) enter the IP Address of your web hosting site.
  • Step 2: In PuTTy, under the Host Name (or IP address) enter the IP Address of your web hosting site (Contact your website provider if necessary) and click Open.
At the login as: line enter the FTP user name.
  • Step 3: A command screen will pop up. At the login as: line enter the FTP user name.
On the FTP user name@IP Address's password line: type the FTP password.
  • Step 4: Enter the FTP password.
The putty command line.
  • Step 5: Change the current directory to the maintenance subdirectory. You can type pwd to see what folder you are currently in. The maintenance folder is in the root mediawiki folder.
$ cd maintenance
  • Step 6: Execute the maintenance script that needs to be run:
$ php rebuildall.php
If you get an error (for example: php.exe is no valid Win32 application), try the following:
$ php-cgi rebuildall.php
In Windows, the command is:
$ C:\path\to\php\php-win.exe C:\path\to\mediawiki\maintenance\rebuildall.php
If your script fails to run, and spews out a lot of error messages, the first thing to try is to set the MW_INSTALL_PATH environment variable to point to the root of your MediaWiki installation. This will help scripts to find the necessary files, and is particularly relevant when running maintenance scripts provided by third-party extensions.

Standard command-line options

Almost every PHP script in /maintenance supports several standard options:

--help 
Displays help message
--conf <path> 
Location of LocalSettings.php, if not default (at parent directory of the script)
--dbuser <username> 
Database account to use instead of the one specified in LocalSettings.php, not used for scripts that don't require a database connection or when SQLite database backend is used
--dbpass <password> 
Database password to use instead of the one specified in LocalSettings.php, not used for scripts that don't require a database connection or when SQLite database backend is used
--globals 
Output globals at the end of processing for debugging
--memory-limit <value> 
Set memory limit for the script. Accepts ordinary numbers, standard php.ini abbreviations (1024K, 20M, 1G), max for no limit (will be used by default if omitted) and default for no change. Available only since MediaWiki 1.17.
--quiet 
Suppress non-error output
--wiki <id> 
Wiki ID for wiki farms. This may be of the form dbname or dbname-prefix. LocalSettings.php will be run with the MW_DB and MW_PREFIX constants defined accordingly.


MediaWiki installs that use symlinks

In cases where the MediaWiki php files are symlinked to a central installation you will need to specify to the maintenance script the path of the LocalSettings.php file. For example: 

php maintenance/importImages.php --conf /var/wwwdata/website.org/wiki/LocalSettings.php /tmp/wikiimages .jpg .png .svg

Otherwise you will get this error: 

A copy of your installation's LocalSettings.php
must exist and be readable in the source directory.

MediaWiki installs that use shared settings (family type)

Sometimes Mediawiki is installed as a family for many languages and settings (LocalSettings.php) are split to common part and language parts (see Manual:Wiki_family#Shared_Settings) where common part is located outside of /w dir and accessed using relative link (require_once "../ExtensionSettings.php";). In this case maintenance scripts will not work when running them in /w/maintenance dir. Run them from /w dir instead: 

$ php maintenance/rebuildall.php

No shell access

On many shared hosts, you won't have shell access. The following extensions may be useful to run maintenance scripts via the web: Extension:Maintenance and Extension:MaintenanceShell.

List of maintenance scripts

Instead of this probably-outdated list,

Here is the list of files included in the maintenance subdirectory located at the root of a MediaWiki installation. You can contribute to this manual by keeping this list up to date, adding a description of these files' specific purpose and of how an administrator should use them (command line examples, etc.). Be aware that these were created & named on an ad hoc basis so have some usability issues. Please add any you notice to Usability#Poorly named and documented maintenance scripts.

maintenance/

maintenance/archives

maintenance/benchmarks

maintenance/dev/includes

maintenance/language

maintenance/oracle

maintenance/storage

maintenance/term

Siehe auch

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