Accessibility/zh

讓MediaWiki成為無障礙網頁，意思是要讓MediaWiki站台的導覽與閱讀功能更容易使用. 儘管此目標主要是為了協助肢體障礙人士，這的確也能幫助所有的使用者.

針對無障礙網頁議題的人與組織

 * "Access for all" (Swiss foundation for ICT-Accessibility); a step-by-step accessibility analysis according to the Web Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 published by the W3C: http://www.thirdageonline.eu/project-tao-2/software-development/mediawiki-accessibility-enhancements/
 * This analysis was accomplished as part of the "Third Age Online" (TAO) AAL project in collaboration with Kai Nissen of WMDE
 * Most of the mentioned issues are either feature enhancements or theme related, while some requirements can only be met by setting up or redefining the editing guidelines.
 * Lucia Greco, an assistive technologies specialist at UC Berkeley
 * Sami Mubarak from http://mada.org.qa/en/ - the non-profit Qatar Assistive Technology Center - works on the accessibility of MediaWiki for the blind (in Arabic)
 * Katie Filbert, of the Wikimedia DC chapter, is interested in accessibility efforts and helped run an accessibility hackathon: http://www.wikimediadc.org/wiki/Accessibility_hackathon
 * Andrea Zanni is of the Wikimedia Italy chapter. Wikimedia Italy is investing in software development to improve Wikisource usability and accessibility for new users.
 * Adi Kushnir helped lead an accessibility session at Wikimania 2011, during the developer days, discussing what needs fixing.
 * Wikimedia France is interested in working on Wikimedia accessibility, to create an audit of the current situation and a roadmap for future work.
 * Jopparn, who submitted an accessibility project as a Wikimedia fellowship idea.
 * the WikiProject Accessibility participants - on other wikis as well?
 * Maria Schiewe, Danny B. and Rodan Bury had Accessibility Presentation and Workshop at Wikimania 2010.
 * Danny B. and Maria Schiewe started Accessibility initiative.
 * Mark Holmquist is an employee of the WMF who is usually willing to help with accessibility issues.
 * Derk-Jan Hartman (thedj), a software developer working on Accessibility guide for developers.
 * Hoo man (Marius Hoch) is working with WMDE to fix a11y bugs in the summer of 2013.
 * Wikimedia Sverige is developing a MediaWiki extension called Wikispeech, a text-to-speech solution aimed at increasing accessibility of Wikipedia's articles. Please contact me if you would like to be involved.

2010年6月來自德國視障中央圖書館（DZB）的建議
In June 2010, some people from the German Wikimedia chapter visited the German Central Library for the Blind (Deutsche Zentralbücherei für Blinde, DZB) in Leipzig. One result of the visit was that the DZB agreed to look at Wikipedia's skin (at that point, Vector), and identify any accessibility problems. The first batch of results was then posted and discussed on wikitech (gossamer / pipermail). The conversation was mainly between Maria Schiewe and Simetrical. Here's a quick summary:

a:focus
CSS uses a:hover but is missing a:focus; Thus, there's no highlighting when navigating links with the keyboard. This should be trivial to fix - or are there any problems with this?
 * Special:Code/MediaWiki/70015 should fix this, at least for Vector.

tab指令
The tab order is inconvenient. IE8 und FF3.6 show first the search box, then the show/hide toggles from the sidebar, then content, then the top bar, and only then the actual navigation items from the sidebar. This is probably because the toggles get inserted by JS, i guess. Opera 10 goes to searchm then the toggles, then back to search. That's bad.
 * 24581

可折叠菜单
Screen readers need some indication that the item is clickable. An onclick event would help, but the only good way is WAI-ARIA.
 * 23428

表现表
表格经常用于布局. 这主要适用于内容，特别是对于信息框、导航框等. 这对于屏幕阅读器来说非常糟糕. 虽然让wiki编辑器使用适当的基于css的代码进行表格布局会很困难.


 * Whenever you read from one cell to another, you usually get information about your position within the table, the reference to the header etc. If you have boxes really displaying data in a tabular way, that's fine. But it's not fine to have tables merely for the sake of layout.
 * Maybe we could remove attributes like cellpadding, cellspacing, align, etc. from the attribute whitelist. That would make it much harder to use presentational tables, wouldn't hurt non-presentational table use much, and would also improve our standards conformance (HTML5 bans them).
 * WAI-ARIA provides a way to say that a table is presentational: the presentation role.
 * The original comment was actually about the box structure on the main page. Which is a presentational table. Infoboxes are, arguabley, "real" tables. Though often it's a real table wrapped in a presentational table, which is pretty bad.

Perhaps it would be possible to make {|...|} generate a div-based layout using some magic word or option? This would be so easy with a real parser :) But doTableStuff looks fairly sane, so perhaps it could be done.


 * Special:Code/MediaWiki/68230 is a proof of concept for this
 * table-based display is very hard to replicate exactly in CSS. For one thing, table-based display is actually not defined exactly by any standard at all.
 * IE doesn't recognize display: table-*, and without that simulating presentational tables is a nightmare.
 * 24583

"zoom"-links
In image thumbnail boxes, the "zoom" link is before the caption, so people have to skip over it every time. Perhaps it could be moved after the caption.
 * 24584

alt-attributes
Image thumbnails have an empty alt attribute. This seems like a bug to me - was it always like this? I suggest to use the image's file name in the alt-attribute of the img tag, and also as the title of the link that wraps the thumbnail. After all, the target of that link is indeed the description of the image file. Could we just implement this, or are there any problems I didn't think of?


 * might be a bug, Special:Code/MediaWiki/41837 changed the way alt attributes are handled.
 * We discussed this some weeks ago in the German Wikipedia. The preferred solution would be:
 * If ... is given, use this text for the alt attribute.
 * If no alt text is given, use the text given as the thumb caption.
 * wouldn't that result in the screen reader reading the text twice?
 * If no alt text or thumb caption exists, use the file name (without px data added, without file extension, without _ for blanks).
 * why is this preferred to just not providing an alt attribute?
 * WAI-ARIA: aria-describedby. Drawback: That is currently only valid in HTML 5.
 * If ... is given, use this text for the alt attribute.
 * If no alt text exists, use the "simplified" file name.
 * Add aria-describedby="ImageCaption" to the img tag. (With ImageCaption being the id of the caption.)
 * handling of alt text currently differs depending on whether you use thumb, frameless or pixel w:de:Benutzer:Raymond/alt. Should be consistent.
 * This is for historical reasons. The unnamed parameter is used for a caption if there's a caption, and used for alt text if there's not.
 * This is what HTML5 currently recommends: "As a last resort, implementors should either set the alt attribute to the empty string, under the assumption that the image is a purely decorative image that doesn't add any information but is still specific to the surrounding content, or omit the alt attribute altogether, under the assumption that the image is a key part of the content." and "Markup generators should generally avoid using the image's own file name as the alternative text. Similarly, markup generators should avoid generating alternative text from any content that will be equally available to presentation user agents (e.g. Web browsers)."
 * It would help if we gave people tools to spot bad alt text -- like have a preference that displays alt text in small print under the image, with a clear warning if there's no alt text specified.
 * 24586

2010年7月來自德國視障中央圖書館（DZB）的建議
As a follow-up to the, we received a second batch of comments. This time, the feedback comes from a blind person actually using a screen reader (JAWS).

history-tab hidden when browser window is small
when the browser window is small (which a blind person would never know), some tabs (like "history") get moved into a drop-down menu, glued to a down-arrow icon. The menu drops down when the mouse is hovered over the icon. This is totally inaccessible to blind people, the icon has no title or any other indication what it does, there is no way to activate the drop-down. There doesn't even seem to be a way to navigate there using the keyboard.
 * 24590, 24298

搜尋建議並不親和
the suggestions shown under the search field are not accessible via the screen reader. it's not announced, and it does not get read.
 * 24591

編輯按鈕並不親和
Alt-Text for edit-buttons are read without spacing between them, they get jammed together. It also does not become clear which elements are buttons, which are links, etc. Blind people would probably not bother with toolbars anyway and use wikitext directly, but they should be able to explore the functionality and find their way around.
 * 24592

其他關於無障礙網頁的臭蟲

 * Bug 11555 - Editsection Links should come after Section Headlines: ideally, the headings could only contain the section title, not the edit link.


 * All bugs tagged with "accessibility" keyword

另見

 * 給網頁開發者的無障礙指引（英文）
 * 維基百科的編輯說明中關於無障礙的章節（英文）
 * 英文維基百科無障礙環境專題
 * 無障礙的MediaWiki頁（英文）
 * 好用性：無障礙（英文）