Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions/zh





如何禁用或启用Vector 2022？


我该如何在单个或所有维基媒体项目上启用或禁用它？
首先，检查您是否已经登录. 未登录用户无法更改皮肤.

参见：
 * 为什么要命名为Vector 2022和旧版Vector？



为什么未登录用户无法使用切换外观按钮？
因为服务器性能有限. 未登录用户可以通过浏览器扩展来定制外观，或者也可以创建账户.

参见：


 * 为什么匿名用户没有参数设置？

How can Vector 2022 become the default for all on my home Wikimedia wiki?
联系我们. 我们会向你的社群展示该项目并开始讨论.



如何在自己的/私人维基上启用？
如果您喜欢该更改，


 * 1) 请确定您已下载
 * 2) 在加入下列内容：

我们很高兴知道您赞许我们的改进！



如何自定义Vector 2022？


为什么你们不提供设置以让用户在不同版本的功能之间进行选择？
那样太复杂，难以维护和开发.

每个设置都像一个用户可以自行选择的十字路口. 大量的选择意味着大量的组合. 参数设置会让我们对所有的组合负责. 我们必须维护它们，并且在构建新功能时，检查这些功能是否与每个组合兼容. 我们负担不起.

作为代替，我们为社群提供了创建小工具、用户脚本和个人设置的选项. 与往常一样，我们为自下而上的创造力提供空间，并帮助技术用户维护他们的代码.

参见： 
 * 仅作为用户设置

为什么匿名用户没有参数设置？
参数设置会降低页面加载速度.

大部分流量来自未登录用户. 为了应对这一问题，我们有一些“缓存服务器”，它们只保存和发送网页的“快照”. 作为生成网页的替代品，这些“快照”最多持续七天，且对所有未登录用户而言都是相同的. 这能让服务器更快地运行.

提供参数设置意味着要生成不同版本的网页. 这有可能导致未登录用户让服务器超载. 不向匿名用户提供参数设置也是因为我们希望减少缓存的碎片化.

向匿名用户提供参数设置的唯一办法是让设置在页面之后加载. 这会导致加载时间变长而且看起来很奇怪. 例如，如果一个未登录用户想使用暗黑模式，那么在访问页面时，页面会先以浅色模式加载，然后再变暗.

因此，我们为登录用户提供参数设置的唯一原因是我们不向他们提供“快照”. 这是因为来自登录用户的流量很小.

参见：


 * 新加坡的新数据中心如何帮助全球各地的人访问维基百科
 * 构建DReaMeRS：我们如何以及为何在法国开设数据中心
 * 为什么性能很重要



你们为需要特定工具和功能的编辑者们做了什么？

 * 我们联系了有技术能力的志愿者以确保向后兼容性. 我们让他们检查了自己编写的代码，并在代码需要更改时提供帮助.
 * 我们使配置和个性化我们的更改成为可能. 我们很高兴与具有技术且愿意创建新的小工具和用户脚本的志愿者合作.
 * 我们不会取代有技术的志愿者的工作. 原则上，我们不会对编辑模板或创建新的小工具，但会在必要时提出建议.



你们是否会修复因你们的修改而不兼容的小工具？
看情况.

我们帮助志愿者修复小工具和用户脚本. 有时，我们自己修复这些. 但总的来说，我们的工作在MediaWiki本身上. 小工具和用户脚本由志愿者编写和维护. 从本质上讲，这些总是不太稳定和可预测的.

如果您不确定如何解决脚本或小工具的问题——联系我们！ 我们将尽最大努力就潜在的修复提供建议.

参见：


 * Tech on Meta-Wiki – here you can ask for technical support as well
 * User:Jdlrobson/Extension:Gadget/Policy – a proposed policy on the roles and responsibilities related to gadgets and user scripts



哪些CSS类选择器可以用于自定义Vector 2022？

 * ：所有皮肤
 * ：旧版Vector
 * ：Vector 2022



如何恢复完整的宽度？
To reclaim further space at the page edges, add the following CSS code to your global.css:

参见：


 * Vector 2022的修改：新的小工具和用户脚本



如何禁用粘性元素？
Add the following CSS code to your global.css:


 * Header – add
 * ToC – add

How to restore the old table of contents
使用下方的JS：

How to restore section numbering to the table of contents
Add the following CSS code to your global.css:

How to make the button with language links appear at the top of the main page?

 * 1) Ask your community to agree to set up the main page heading. (See our explanation why this is a good idea.)
 * 2) The heading will be displayed in Vector 2010, Minerva, Timeless, and Vector 2022. It will not be visible in Monobook.
 * 3) The heading can be configured by edits to MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin for logged in users and MediaWiki:Mainpage-title for logged out users. For mobile logged in users, MediaWiki:wikimedia-mobile-mainpage-title-loggedin is used. See the details about the main page heading settings.
 * 4) Test what the main page looks like and work with the button at the top by adding the   parameter to the URL. See the example on the Icelandic-language Wikipedia. Note that the Icelandic-language Wikipedia hasn't the heading set up, so only the button appears.
 * 5) Contact us and ask us to move the button to the top.
 * 6) We will change the settings for your wiki.
 * 7) When we do this, the button will be visible at the top of the page in Vector 2022. In other skins, the list with language links will be displayed in the standard place which varies by skin.

How to restore the previous user menu?
It's not possible to do that currently.

How to change the logo to a temporary one?
The logo in Vector 2022 is made of 3 elements, each can be changed independently with CSS.
 * To change the icon image (e.g. globe on Wikipedia):
 * To change the wordmark (e.g. the word "Wikipedia"):
 * To change the tagline (e.g. the words "The free encyclopedia"):

联络方式


如何联系你们的团队？
选择下列中的一个：
 * Talk page of the main page of the project (you can write in any language)
 * Phabricator task with the Desktop Improvements project tag
 * Contact our Community Relations Specialist: SGrabarczuk (WMF) sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org
 * Contact one of our ambassadors:
 * French and Italian ambassador: Patafisik (WMF) patafisik-ctr@wikimedia.org
 * Spanish ambassador: Zapipedia (WMF) izapico-ctr@wikimedia.org
 * Vietnamese ambassador: Bluetpp (WMF) ppham-ctr@wikimedia.org
 * Farsi ambassador: Mehran (WMF) mehran@wikimedia.org

How can I follow your activities?

 * Subscribe to our newsletter. Instead of messages on your talk page, you will be receiving notifications about the updates.
 * Watch our Updates and Talk to Web pages.

Do you host or attend online meetings?
Yes!

We organize open online meetings for the communities (office hours). At these meetings, Olga (our product manager) makes presentations about the recent developments. Next, community members can ask any questions about the project.

We are also open to invitation to any community event online. These may be local, country-wide, or international meetings.





Is this a redesign?
不是.

A redesign would be a single major change which affects how the site works. In the case of this project we have made a series of individual changes. Each feature was a separate small project. At the end, these features were joined together by a cohesive visual design.

What is the timeline of this project?
We have been working on Vector 2022 (originally known as modern Vector) since 2019. Between early 2020 and mid-2022, we were building and releasing different features on "early adopter" wikis. (You can read more about that in the answer to the question below, points 2–4.)

我们已经完成了该部分. Vector 2022不再是“测试”了. Currently, we inform about our intention to introduce Vector 2022 on more wikis. By the end of March 2023, we hope that Vector 2022 would be the default skin across almost all Wikimedia wikis.



为什么使用“改进”一词？
Because we have data indicating that the changes are for the better: 参见：
 * 1) We identified problems through research with both readers and editors. During this phase, in 2019, we studied the way people used the sites and identified the largest usability issues. We also identified issues to exploring the site further, becoming more engaged with reading or editing. We did this by interviewing readers and editors across multiple countries, locations, and languages. See: Research and design: Phase 1, Research and design: Phase 2.
 * 2) We built and tested prototypes. We built out the ideas of each feature and began showing them to the users. Each feature was tested with readers and editors through interviews and wider rounds of prototype testing. For testing with editors, we used central notice banners. We displayed them across multiple language and Wikimedia projects so that we can get a wide and diverse audience. Each prototype was tested by approximately 200 editors on average. (Example)
 * 3) We refined and built our features. We took the feedback from the prototype testing and refined or changed the prototypes accordingly. In some cases, we asked for additional feedback to ensure we're making the right decisions.
 * 4) We contacted various wikis asking to join the early adopters ("pilot wikis"). This was the "beta" phase. On these wikis, we performed quantitative tests for whether each feature worked as expected.
 * 5) We performed A/B testing on logged-in users. Unfortunately, we are not able to perform these on logged-out users. This is why we make before and after comparisons.
 * 6) When we had the test results, we compared the results with the criteria of success we had previously defined. When we got negative results from our test, we changed the feature and test again.
 * 7) Since this phase, we have also monitored usage across all wikis, where many account holders have already been using Vector 2022.
 * An encyclopedic article: Iterative and incremental development
 * A blog post: The iterative design of the Vector interface: the case of moving interlingual links

<span id="On_which_wikis_have_you_tested_these_changes?">

你们已在哪些wiki测试了这些更改？
The pilot wikis where we have been testing Vector 2022 have been:

以及： <span id="Why_do_you_use_this_naming:_Vector_2022_and_legacy_Vector?">
 * Office Wiki
 * 
 * MediaWiki wiki
 * Wikimedia Foundation Governance wiki
 * Collab wiki
 * Strategy wiki

为什么要命名为Vector 2022和旧版Vector？
新皮肤是旧版Vector很多元素的延续. 它的代码是建立在旧版Vector的基础上的. 我们希望保持功能和视觉上的连续性. Everything built and meant for legacy Vector should be working with our changes, or can be configured to do so fairly easily.

The version built in 2010 and developed until 2019 has been frozen. In other words, we will keep and maintain it, but will not be building new features for it.

We use the name Vector 2022 for purely technical reasons. This name marks when the new Vector was available to third-party wikis as a new skin. (Third parties mean those who install MediaWiki).

On each wiki, the skin name can be overriden by changing MediaWiki:Skinname-vector-2022. However, this may cause confusion since it won't change the associated skin key that is used for site and user styles.

参见： <span id="Will_you_remove_legacy_Vector?">
 * 哪些CSS类选择器可以用于自定义Vector 2022？

你们会移除旧版Vector吗？
不会.

旧版Vector皮肤仍将作为参数设置中的可选项存在，就像过去的默认皮肤（如Monobook）那样.



<span id="Target_audience">

目标用户
<span id="Are_these_changes_made_for_readers,_and_not_for_editors?">

这些改变是为了读者，而不是为了编辑者？
不完全是.

我们的团队 (Web) 致力于提升桌面和移动浏览器的阅读（查看）体验. 既阅读条目又编辑的，以及阅读条目但不编辑的，是用户的主要组成部分. 我们为他们所有人工作，谨记新手与老手有着特定的需求.

该项目的目标是在不提高编辑难度的情况下改善桌面版的阅读体验.

That said, our movement strategy recommendations implore us to improve our user experience in an inclusive manner. In this spirit, the project has a specific goal of ensuring the free knowledge grows equitably in the future. When building, we made sure to collect the voices of readers from different demographics and geographies. We also wanted to make their opinions a focus when defining what we were to work on, and evaluating whether a given idea was able to satisfy their needs.

参见： <span id="What_tools_are_the_Foundation_building_for_editors?">
 * What do you do to ensure that the change is not half-finished?
 * What do you do for editors who need specific tools and features?
 * Past projects of the Web team

基金会为编辑者们制作了什么工具？
At the Foundation, there are other teams working on projects dedicated specifically to editors. 其中包括： <span id="Do_your_changes_have_a_negative_effect_on_the_editing_statistics?">
 * Community Tech – working on projects selected by the communities during the Community Wishlist Survey
 * Editing – working on the discussion tools
 * Growth – working on the Newcomer experience project
 * Moderator Tools – focusing on the moderation needs of medium-sized Wikimedia projects
 * Anti-Harassment Tools – working on tools for administrators, anti-vandalism patrollers

你们的修改是否对编辑的统计数据产生了负面影响？
没有.

我们在所有的维基上收集相关统计数据. 与以旧版Vector（2010）作为默认设置的维基相比，以Vector（2022）作为默认设置的维基并没有受到负面影响.

<span id="Do_your_changes_make_it_more_difficult_to_explore_the_community_side_of_the_wikis?">

你们的修改是否会使了解wiki社群变得更加困难？
不会.

读者和新编辑者常常被维基媒体项目的侧边栏中大量的链接、选项和探索编辑的方式（换而言之——社群）吓倒. 这是我们研究得到的结果.

我们希望更多的用户参与到社群中. 因此，我们限制了放在外面的链接的数量，希望能将他们的注意力带到最相关的链接上. 所有这些都是与Growth和Editing团队合作完成的.

参见： <span id="Are_you_focused_on_Wikipedia_articles?">
 * Core Experiences
 * UX Myth #12: More choices and features result in higher satisfaction

你们是否关注维基百科的条目？
是的.

与维基百科或任何其它项目上的其它命名空间相比，维基百科的条目有着最多的浏览量和读者数量. 我们还对其它命名空间的页面和特殊页面进行了调整. 我们特别调整和配置的有：主页、一些姊妹项目的特定页面、特殊页面、2010版维基文本编辑器、2017版维基文本编辑器和可视化编辑器.

我们还一直在与编辑者们合作，以确保他们为讨论页面所做的工作与我们的工作保持一致，并确保讨论页的特殊配置到位.

<span id="Have_you_been_mindful_of_sister_projects?">

你们有关注姊妹项目吗？
有！

我们的目标是改变界面的基本元素. 大多数功能都适用于姐妹项目，就像它们对维基百科的改善一样. 我们从项目一开始就在为不同的姊妹项目进行测试和构建. 我们仍然会在必要时对默认功能进行调整.

非维基百科项目，例如法语维基词典，自2020年来也是与我们合作的社群之一. 我们确定我们之间有直接的沟通和反馈.

关于调整，例如，在维基文库上，限制宽度不适用于 页面校对扩展提供的Page命名空间.

Are you focused on English Wikipedia?
No.

We take into account the needs of various communities and test our changes across 30+ languages. We are also inspired by the interface and gadgets built on various wikis, for example Korean and Vietnamese Wikipedias.

<span id="What_do_you_do_to_ensure_that_the_change_would_work_on_my_wiki?">

你们如何确定这些更改在我的wiki上有效？

 * 我们的研究与所有的维基有关，我们听取了来自许多语言版本和项目的声音.
 * 我们收集并整合了来自社群的反馈. 大多数问题都与所有wiki相关.
 * 我们如何调整对姊妹项目的更改——请见“你们有关注姊妹项目吗？”
 * 我们对小工具的态度是什么——请见“你们为需要特定工具和功能的编辑者们做了什么？”

<span id="What_do_you_do_to_ensure_that_the_change_is_not_half-finished?">

你们怎么确定这些修改不是半成品？
我们在wiki上引入更改之前和之后都会进行调整，以确保它们满足各个社群的需求. 如果您认为您的社群会从更多调整和小工具中受益，请参阅：


 * 你们为需要特定工具和功能的编辑者们做了什么？
 * 如何自定义Vector 2022？

After making these changes on all wikis, we will work on projects related to Desktop Improvements.

易用性
<span id="Have_your_changes_been_tested_on_users_with_disabilities?">

你们是否已为身心障碍用户测试过修改？
是的. 我们正在与美国盲人基金会合作. 我们正在咨询与Vector 2022的易用性相关的各种问题. 在Phabricator上了解进一步信息.

<span id="Will_the_wikis_be_less_accessible_for_users_with_slow_Internet_connection?">

对网络链接较差的用户而言，维基项目是否会更难访问？
不会.

我们希望新皮肤的代码量能与旧版Vector相近.

参见：


 * How can I get both the old and the new table of contents?

Mobile, large screens, and responsiveness
<span id="Are_the_changes_inspired_by_mobile_design?">

这些更改是否受到了移动版设计的启发？
不是.

这些更改是专为桌面版作出的. 该项目所有相关的研究与测试均仅面向桌面版用户. We have, however, considered the experiences of people who use desktop in narrower screens (for example, if you have two tabs open side by side).

At this time, we do not have plans to merge the desktop and mobile experiences.

Will the new interface be responsive?
We've been working towards that goal, but it's not an official goal of the project.

If you want to make the interface responsive now and you're using Wikimedia wikis, add

to your global.js.

如果您的社群希望它成为默认设置，请在您的维基上开始讨论，并在达成共识后联系我们. We can then make the change.

Will you build a dedicated setting for high resolutions?
We don't have plans to build a specific setting at this time. We want the experience to be optimized for the majority of users, while still providing the tools necessary at all resolutions. We believe the current version of the new skin does this successfully. That said, we encourage personal customization!

参见：


 * 你们为需要特定工具和功能的编辑者们做了什么？



Why have you replaced the area used for content by an empty space?
Reading efficiently is crucial to most people using our projects. Our goal here is to improve the readability of the content. There are several factors that affect it – i.e. font size, contrast, font, line length, and empty space.


 * Shorter lines
 * 1) When reading short lines, readers don't move their eyes too much, use the eye's muscles less intensively, thus avoiding eye strain.
 * 2) Narrow paragraphs allow readers to memorize new information better.
 * 3) On websites, there should be between 35 and 100 characters per line. Numbers closer to the smaller end are preferred.
 * 4) The overwhelming number of major websites have similar limitations on content width. For example: academic journals like Nature, news websites like The New York Times, government and intergovernmental websites like the United Nations, academic documents like LaTeX, and word processors like Google Docs and Etherpad.


 * Empty (white) space


 * 1) White space is used for the eyes' resting spots. It helps readers over the age of 60 focus on content and increases content comprehension by 20%.
 * 2) People are able to focus more easily without the distraction of sidebars or other elements.
 * 3) We are using some of this space for other functionality. We have made the sidebar sticky, and have placed the table of contents next to the content. Also, limiting the content area gives us new options for the more distant future. Community members have suggested to put infoboxes, images, or references there. As a separate project, we will consider ways of using this space.

参见：


 * UX Myth #28: White space is wasted space

Why can’t we leave it for readers to narrow their browser windows down?
Most users don't resize their browser windows or use browser plugins to improve the design of the websites they view. Wikis should be good-looking immediately, in their basic form.

Some tables and templates don’t fit within the limited width
We should make sure that all of our content is as responsive as possible to accommodate all visitors. A large percentage of our users, who don’t have large screens and are accessing Wikipedia from their laptops, already had issues with tables and templates even before the change.

Why don’t you just make it a setting?
我们希望它成为默认设置. 我们正在构建一种编辑者与读者共享的体验. 这有助于编辑者考虑页面布局. 当前，编者可能在编辑一个1500px宽度的页面，而读者则在阅读一个1200px宽度的页面. By implementing a limited width, we don’t remove this discrepancy (because there would still be variation below the max-width, for people with narrower screens), however we would be greatly limiting the range of variation.

<span id="Why_did_you_change_the_list_of_language_links?">

为什么你们修改了跨语言链接列表？
<span id="Why_couldn&#039;t_the_list_of_language_links_stay_in_the_sidebar?">

为什么跨语言链接列表不能留在侧边栏？
因为根据读者的反馈，侧边栏不是一个放置有用链接的地方. 大多数读者关注的是内容部分. 侧边栏的链接实际上是不在他们的视线范围内的.

此外，我们需要增加维基媒体项目的语言版本.

15 年来，该列表一直显示在侧边栏中. 最活跃的用户已经形成了肌肉记忆——可以在那里寻找那个列表. 这就是为什么在侧边栏中，我们放置了一个信息框来提示语言列表换位置了.

<span id="Will_the_Wikidata_links_be_closer_to_the_list_of_language_links?">

维基数据链接会更靠近语言链接列表吗？
会.

“”、“”和“”将逐渐成为由语言切换按钮所打开的菜单（“语言菜单”）的一部分. 这是语言工程团队的任务.

How to fix the coordinates displaying incorrectly near the languages button?
Consider pages which use page status indicators, pages which have banners or site notices, and the look of the pages at lower resolutions.

Why doesn't the button with language links appear at the top of the main page?
We have discovered that readers focus on the content page and ignore the sidebar. They will be more likely to switch between languages if the button with the language links appears at the top of the page, next to the heading.

On many wikis, headings on main pages are hidden. This is why the button with language links isn't displayed next to it. Instead, it's at the bottom of the main pages. It is possible to make it appear at the top, though.

参见：
 * How to make the button with language links appear at the top of the main page?

Why doesn't the table of contents work well on my mobile device or when I resize the browser?
Users on mobile and resized browsers account for a small fraction of page traffic. Because of this, we chose to build the feature for the majority of our users first. For narrow screens we plan to make the table of contents available as a sticky interface element that's accessible from anywhere in the page.

Note what is displayed to mobile devices differs from what you see when you resize your browser. On mobile devices, the site is currently presented as a zoomed out version of the desktop site.

<span id="Why_doesn&#039;t_it_appear_when_I_complete_an_edit?">

它为什么不在我完成编辑时出现？
这一功能还在开发中（T307251）. 当Vector 2022成为更多wiki的默认皮肤后，我们会进行修复.

Is it possible to change the label indicating the top of the page? ("")
可以.

This label should be distinct from the content headings. To do that, wikis written in different scripts (for example, Latin and Japanese) and different Wikimedia projects (Wikipedia and Wiktionary) may need to use different words and/or punctuation marks in this label. It is possible for each community to set up a label that would work just for them. This may be done by editing the page MediaWiki:Vector-toc-beginning.

How can I get both the old and the new table of contents?
这不可能.

We intentionally do not add the old table of contents in addition to the new sidebar location. It's a trade off. We have taken it to reduce the work involved maintaining the code and keeping the site work as well as possible. The old table of contents displayed in addition to the new one would have important technical disadvantages. It would increase the overall size of HTML, increase the storage requirement for our parser cache, and require additional CSS to render.

参见：


 * 如何恢复旧目录

How do magic words work with this feature?
The  and   magic words will not work as the table of contents is always in the sidebar and this cannot be changed.

However, magic words relating to the presence of the table of contents, such as, will continue to work. So will templates which then create an alternate ToC. For example, an article can disable the default ToC and apply its own if necessary.

All magic words will continue to work for other skins which render the ToC within the article.

I can't see the table of contents when the sidebar is open
这是个已知的问题.

这个问题应该只会影响已打开侧边栏的登录用户. 从长远来看，我们计划缩小这个菜单的尺寸，并让侧边栏覆盖内容. 细节和外观原型可以在T302073中找到. 这一变化计划在今年下半年（2022年10月至12月）进行. 页面工具上有更多信息.

<span id="What_is_the_scope_of_the_project?">

本项目的范围是什么？
<span id="Are_you_changing_Monobook_or_Timeless?">

你们修改了Monobook或Timeless皮肤吗？
没有.

这些修改仅应用于Vector. Vector是维基媒体项目2010年开始使用的默认界面. 其它的皮肤，如Monobook、Timeless、Minerva、Modern完全不会变动.

不过，在进行桌面版改进时，我们确实清理了旧皮肤的代码. 我们让对旧皮肤进行新更改变得更加容易，并移除了这些皮肤从未使用过的选项及75%的PHP代码. 不过这些对用户所使用的界面没有影响.

参见：


 * 我们如何以及为何将我们的皮肤移至Mustache

<span id="Are_you_improving_charts,_maps,_a-/f-/o-/tmboxes,_infoboxes,_navboxes,_and_other_templates?"> 你们将改进图表、地图、信息框元模板、信息框、导航框和其他模板吗？

不会.

We do not change anything within the light gray article content area (except for the table of contents):

<span id="Are_you_building_the_dark_mode?">

你们会开发暗黑模式吗？
不会，这次不会.

桌面版改进项目提供了暗黑模式所需的架构. 不过，制作暗黑模式是一个单独的项目. 这是因为该项目需要社群群策群力. 现在，许多模板还没有适配暗黑模式. 我们在开发移动应用程序时了解到了这一点.

最初，我们的暗黑模式将基于用户的操作系统偏好. 我们没有打算增加浏览器内切换的功能. 这是因为我们目前没有能让匿名用户修改参数设置的系统. 不过，这可以在以后添加进来.

<span id="What_are_the_features&#039;_success_metrics?">

这个功能的成功指标是什么？
通过以下措施提高我们现有受众的效用：


 * 互动性
 * 通过项目，增加5%的搜索率/每次会话
 * 通过项目，增加5%的语言切换率


 * 亲和力
 * 增加对网站的正面和喜爱情绪（通过用户调查和测试）
 * 增加信任感和可信度（通过调查和用户测试度量）

当我们更具体地定义要进行的更改时，我们将在此列表上进行扩展和更新.

参考文献