Manual:Job queue/ja

MediaWiki 1.6 でジョブキューが導入され、長い処理を非同期的に実行できるようになりました. このジョブキューは、バッチ処理を使用して短時間のタスクを多数保持するよう設計されています.

セットアップ
既定ではジョブは web リクエストの完了を待って実行されます. もし可能であればこの既定を無効にして（を に設定）、コマンドラインからジョブの実行を完全にバックグラウンドで行うようスケジュールしてください. 例えば、cron を使用して毎晩深夜にジョブが実行されるようにするには、crontab ファイルに以下を記載します:

Warning: Running jobs once a day like that could be very problematic for consistency and responsiveness -- you should instead run jobs as soon as possible after they are queued, using a wrapper script that waits for jobs to be queued and runs the appropriate job runners.

@FIXME: detail the actual wrappers Wikimedia uses in production to run jobs.

Note: you should run  as the same user as the web server runs as, to ensure that permissions to the filesystem are correctly accounted for if jobs touch uploaded files.

Simple service to run jobs
If you have shell access and the possibility to create init scripts, you can create a simple service to run jobs as they become available, and also throttle them to prevent the job runner to monopolize the CPU resources of the server:

Create a bash script, for example at :

Depending on how fast the server is and the load it handles, you can adapt the number of jobs to run on each cycle and the number of seconds to wait on each cycle.

Make the script executable.

If using systemd, create a new service unit by creating the file. Change the  parameter to the user that runs PHP on your web server:

Enable it and start it with those commands:

ページ リクエストの際のジョブ実行
既定では web リクエストが完了するたび、ジョブキューから1件のジョブを取り込んで実行します. この動作の制御は、構成変数で決まります. 変数を に設定すると、リクエストごとにジョブを実行します. 同じく に設定すると、 web リクエスト中はジョブの実行は完全に無効になり、その場であるいは定期的に手動で実行するには、を実行するか、コマンドラインから設定できます.

ジョブの実行が有効であればソケットを開き、Special:RunJobsというリストされていない特別ページに対して、内部HTTP要求を行います. asynchronous の節も参照してください.

パフォーマンスの問題点
webリクエストのたびに毎回ジョブを走らせる負担が大きすぎるのに、コマンドラインからジョブを実行できない場合は、 の変数を  以下   以上に減らしてください. これによりジョブは平均するとリクエスト 件ごとに実行されます.

手動で実行
別の方法として、たとえば多くのページで使われるテンプレートに変更を加えたときなどには、ジョブキューを手動で空にすることもできます. メンテナンス スクリプトを実行するだけです. 例:

非同期
The configuration variable has been added to force the execution of jobs synchronously, in scenarios where making an internal HTTP request for job execution is not wanted.

When running jobs asynchronously, it will open an internal HTTP connection for handling the execution of jobs, and will return the contents of the page immediately to the client without waiting for the job to complete. Otherwise, the job will be executed in the same process and the client will have to wait until the job is completed. When the job does not run asynchronously, if a fatal error occurs during job execution, it will propagate to the client, aborting the load of the page.

Note that even if $wgRunJobsAsync is set to true, if PHP can't open a socket to make the internal HTTP request, it will fallback to the synchronous job execution. However, there are a variety of situations where this internal request may fail, and jobs won't be run, without falling back to the synchronous job execution. Starting with MediaWiki 1.28.1 and 1.27.2, $wgRunJobsAsync now defaults to false.

Deferred updates
The deferred updates mechanism was introduced in MediaWiki 1.23 and received major changes during MediaWiki 1.27 and 1.28. It allows the execution of some features at the end of the request, when all the content has been sent to the browser, instead of queuing it in the job, which would otherwise be executed potentially some hours later. The goal of this alternate mechanism is mainly to speed up the main MediaWiki requests, and at the same time execute some features as soon as possible at the end of the request.

Some deferrable updates can be both deferrable updates and jobs, if specified as such.

MediaWiki 1.22 での変更点
In, the job queue execution on each page request was changed so, instead of executing the job inside the same PHP process that's rendering the page, a new PHP cli command is spawned to execute  in the background. It will only work if is set to an actual path or safe mode is off, otherwise, the old method will be used.

This new execution method could cause some problems:


 * If is set to an incompatible version of PHP (e.g.: an outdated version) jobs may fail to run (fixed in 1.23).
 * PHP  restrictions are in effect, and  is disallowed (, fixed in 1.23).
 * Performance: even if the job queue is empty, the new PHP process is started anyway (, fixed in 1.23).
 * Sometimes the spawning PHP process cause the server or only the CLI process to hang due to stdout and stderr descriptors not properly redirected (, fixed in 1.22)
 * It does not work for shared code (wiki farms), because it doesn't pass additional required parameters to runJobs.php to identify the wiki that's running the job (, fixed in 1.23)
 * Normal shell limits like, and  are enforced on the runJobs.php process that's being executed in the background.

There's no way to revert to the old on-request job queue handling, besides setting to , for example, which may cause other problems. It can be disabled completely by setting, but jobs will no longer run on page requests, and you must explicitly run runJobs.php to periodically run pending jobs.

MediaWiki 1.23 での変更点
In MediaWiki 1.23, the 1.22 execution method is abandoned, and jobs are triggered by MediaWiki making an HTTP connection to itself.

It was first designed as an API entry point but later changed to be the unlisted special page Special:RunJobs.

While it solves various bugs introduced in 1.22, it still requires loading a lot of PHP classes in memory on a new process to execute a job, and also makes a new HTTP request that the server must handle.

MediaWiki 1.27 での変更点
In MediaWiki 1.25 and MediaWiki 1.26, use of would sometimes cause jobs not to get run if the wiki has custom   configuration. This was fixed in MediaWiki 1.27.

MediaWiki 1.28 での変更点
Between MediaWiki 1.23 and MediaWiki 1.27, use of would cause jobs not to get run on if MediaWiki requests are for a server name or protocol that does not match the currently configured server name one (e.g. when supporting both HTTP and HTTPS, or when MediaWiki is behind a reverse proxy that redirects to HTTPS). This was fixed in MediaWiki 1.28.

MediaWiki 1.29 での変更点
In MediaWiki 1.27.0 to 1.27.3 and 1.28.0 to 1.28.2, when is set to a value greater than 0, an error like the one below may appear in error logs, or on the page:

PHP Notice: JobQueueGroup::__destruct: 1 buffered job(s) never inserted

As a result of this error, certain updates may fail in some cases, like category members not being updated on category pages, or recent changes displaying edits of deleted pages - even if you manually run to clear the job queue. It has been reported as a bug and was solved in 1.27.4 and 1.28.3.

テンプレートの編集に合わせてリンクテーブルを更新
When a template changes, MediaWiki adds a job to the job queue for each article transcluding that template. Each job is a command to read an article, expand any templates, and update the link table accordingly. Previously, the host articles would remain outdated until either their parser cache expires or until a user edits the article.

HTML キャッシュの無効化
大量のページに相当する既存のHTMLキャッシュを一気に無効にしてしまう操作は、〔テンプレートの改訂だけでなく〕より幅広い種類にわたります:


 * 画像の改訂（すべてのサムネイルを作り直し、大きさも再計算する必要があります）
 * ページの削除（すべてのリンク元でのリンクの色を、青から赤にする必要があります）
 * ページの作成、または復帰〔被削除物の回復. undelete. 復活とも〕（上記同様ですが、反対に赤から青にします）
 * テンプレートの改訂（テンプレートの参照読み込みされたページ〔のキャッシュ〕をすべて更新する必要があります）

テンプレートの改訂を除くこれらの操作の結果、リンクの表〔の内容〕が無効になることはありませんが、一方で、当該ページのリンク元の、あるいは当該画像の使用先の、すべてのページのHTMLキャッシュが無効になります. 1ページ分のキャッシュを無効にする処理はごく短く、必要なのはデータベースのフィールドを1件更新し、マルチキャストのパケットを1つ発してキャッシュを消すことだけです. しかし約1000件以上もある場合には、かなり時間がかかります. 既定では、300件の操作ごとに1件のジョブが追加されます ( を参照).

Note, however, that even if purging the cache of a page is a short operation, reparsing a complex page that is not in the cache may be expensive, specially if a highly used template is edited and causes lots of pages to be purged in a short period of time and your wiki has lots of concurrent visitors loading a wide spread of pages. This can be mitigated by reducing the number of pages purged in a short period of time, by reducing to a small number (20, for example) and also set  for   to a low number (5, for example).

Audio and video transcoding
When using TimedMediaHandler to process local uploads of audio and video files, the job queue is used to run the potentially very slow creation of derivative transcodes at various resolutions/formats.

These are not suitable for running on web requests -- you will need a background runner.

It's recommended to set up separate runners for the  and   job types if possible. These two queues process different subsets of files -- the first for high resolution HD videos, and the second for lower-resolution videos and audio files which process more quickly.

典型的な値
低負荷の期間に、ジョブキューがゼロになる可能性はあります. Wikimedia でのジョブキューがゼロになることは、実際にはほぼありません. 混雑していない時間帯では数百から千であるかもしれません. 混雑している日には数百万に達することもあるものの、10％以上の幅で頻繁に上下します.

特別ページ:統計
MediaWiki 1.16以前はジョブキューの長さを統計で表示していました. ところが1.17 (75272) 以降は取り除かれ、現在は で確認できます.

MySQLを使用すると、API結果に返されるジョブ件数は多少不正確になる可能性があります. MySQLは、データベース内のジョブの数を見積もります. これは、最近追加したり削除したジョブの件数に基づいて変動する可能性があります. For other databases that do not support fast result-size estimation, the actual number of jobs is given.