Extension:SpamBlacklist/de

Die Erweiterung SpamBlacklist verhindert Bearbeitungen in denen URLs vorkommen, deren Domains zu Regulären Ausdrücken passen, die in spezifizierten Dateien oder Wiki-Seiten definiert sind. Außerdem wird die Registrierung von Benutzern mit speziellen E-Mail Adressen gesperrt.

Wenn versucht wird, eine Seite zu speichern, prüft die Erweiterung den Text gegen eine (potentiell große) Liste illegaler Hostnamen. Wird ein Treffer gefunden, zeigt die Erweiterung dem Benutzer eine Fehlermeldung und verweigert das abspeichern der Seite.



Installation


Einrichtung der Blockliste
Die folgenden lokalen Seiten werden unabhängig von zusätzlichen Quellen immer verwendet:
 * MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist
 * MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist
 * MediaWiki:Email-blacklist
 * MediaWiki:Email-whitelist

Die Voreinstellung für eine zusätzliche Quelle einer Blockliste ist die Wikimedia Spam-Blackliste auf Meta-Wiki (m:Spam block list). Standardmäßig nutzt die Erweiterung diese Liste und aktualisiert sie alle 10-15 Minuten. Für viele Wikis wird diese Liste ausreichen um die meisten Spam-Attacken zu verhindern. Seitdem die Blockliste von vielen großen Wikis verwendet wird, ist sie allerdings vergleichsweise konservativ in ihrem Blockierverhalten.

The Wikimedia spam block list can only be edited by administrators; but you can suggest modifications to the block list at m:Talk:Spam blacklist.

You can add other bad URLs on your own wiki. List them in the global variable  in. See examples below.

is an two level array. Top level key is  or. They take an array with each value containing either a URL, a filename or a database location.

If you use  in "LocalSettings.php", the default value of " Spam blacklist " will no longer be used - if you want that block list to be accessed, you will have to add it in manually, see examples below.

Specifying a database location allows you to draw the block list from a page on your wiki.

The format of the database location specifier is ">DB: [db name] [title]". [db name] should exactly match the value of  in. You should create the required page name [title] in the default namespace of your wiki. If you do this, it is strongly recommended that you protect the page from general editing. Besides the obvious danger that someone may add a regex that matches everything, please note that an attacker with the ability to input arbitrary regular expressions may be able to generate segfaults in the PCRE library.

Beispiele
If you want to, for instance, use the English-language Wikipedia's spam block list in addition to the standard Meta-Wiki one, you could call the following in, AFTER  call:

Here is an example of an entirely local set of block lists: the administrator is using the to generate a local file called "wikimedia_blacklist" that holds a copy of the Meta-Wiki blacklist, and has an additional block list on the wiki page "My spam block list":

Protokollierung
By default, the extension does not log hits into the spam blacklist log. To enable logging set. You can use the  user right to control access to the logs. Every signed-in user can view the logs by default.

Backtrack Limit
If you encounter issues with the block list, you may want to increase the backtrack limit. However on the other hand, this can reduce your security against DOS attacks, as the backtrack limit is a performance limit:

Hardened Wikis
The SpamBlacklist will not allow editing if the wiki is hardened. Hardening includes limiting  so that   is not on-path, and setting   in.

In the hardened case, SpamBlacklist will cause an exception when Guzzle attempts to make a network request. The Guzzle exception message is, GuzzleHttp requires cURL, the allow_url_fopen ini setting, or a custom HTTP handler.

User Filtering
The SpamBlacklist will filter all users by default, including Sysops, administrators and bots. Also see Phabricator issue T36928.

Safe list
A corresponding safe list can be maintained by editing the MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist page. This is useful if you would like to override certain entries from another wiki's block list that you are using. Wikimedia wikis, for instance, sometimes use the spam block list for purposes other than combating spam.

It is questionable how effective the Wikimedia spam block lists are at keeping spam off of third-party wikis. Some spam might be targeted only at Wikimedia wikis, or only at third-party wikis, which would make Wikimedia's blacklist of little help to said third-party wikis in those cases. Also, some third-party wikis might prefer that users be allowed to cite sources that are not considered reliable on Wikipedia, or that Wikipedia has considered so ideologically offensive as to warrant blocking. Sometimes what one wiki considers useless spam, another wiki might consider useful.

Users may not always realize that, when a link is rejected as spammy, it does not necessarily mean that the individual wiki they are editing has specifically chosen to ban that URL. Therefore, wiki system administrators may want to edit the at MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontext and/or MediaWiki:Spamprotectionmatch on your wiki to invite users to make suggestions at MediaWiki talk:Spam-whitelist for pages that should be added by a  to the safe list. For example, you could put, for MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontext:


 * The text you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to a blacklisted external site. maintains its own block list ; however, most blocking is done by means of Meta-Wiki's block list, so this block should not necessarily be construed as an indication that  made a decision to block this particular text (or URL). If you would like this text (or URL) to be added to the local spam safe list , so that  users will not be blocked from adding it to pages, please make a request at MediaWiki talk:Spam-whitelist . A sysop will then respond on that page with a decision as to whether it should be listed as safe.

Block list syntax
If you would like to create a block list of your own, or modify an existing one, here is the syntax:

Everything on a line after a '#' character is ignored (for comments). All other strings are regex fragments which will only match inside URLs.


 * Notes:

By giving "www\." explicitly one can match specific subdomains. The regular anchor  won't be of any use.
 * Do not add "http://"; this would fail, since the regex will match after "http://" (or "https://") inside URLs.
 * Furthermore "www" is unneeded, since the regex will match any subdomains.
 * The  and   anchors match the beginning and end of the domain name, not the beginning and end of the URL.
 * Slashes don't need to be escaped by backslashes, this will be done automatically by the script.


 * Beispiel:

The following line will block all URLs that contain the string "example.com", except where it is immediately preceded or followed by a letter or a number.

\bexample\.com\b

These are blocked:


 * http://www.example.com
 * http://www.this-example.com
 * http://www.google.de/search?q=example.com

These are not blocked:


 * http://www.goodexample.com
 * http://www.google.de/search?q=example.commodity

Leistung
The extension creates a single regex statement which looks like  (where all slashes within the lines are escaped automatically). It saves this in a small "loader" file to avoid loading all the code on every page view. Page view performance will not be affected even if you're not using a bytecode cache although using a cache is strongly recommended for any MediaWiki installation.

The regex match itself generally adds an insignificant overhead to page saves (on the order of 100ms in our experience). However, loading the spam file from disk or the database, and constructing the regex, may take a significant amount of time depending on your hardware. If you find that enabling this extension slows down saves excessively, try installing a supported bytecode cache. This extension will cache the constructed regex if such a system is present.

If you're sharing a server and cache with several wikis, you may improve your cache performance by modifying getSharedBlacklists and clearCache in SpamBlacklist_body.php to use (or a specific DB if you do not have a shared upload DB) rather than. Be sure to get all references! The regexes from the separate MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist and MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist pages on each wiki will still be applied.

External block list servers (RBL's)
In its standard form, this extension requires that the block list be constructed manually. While regular expression wildcards are permitted, and a block list originated on one wiki may be re-used by many others, there is still some effort required to add new patterns in response to spam or remove patterns which generate false-positives.

Much of this effort may be reduced by supplementing the spam regex with lists of known domains advertised in spam email. The regex will catch common patterns (like "casino-" or "-viagra") while the external block list server will automatically update with names of specific sites being promoted through spam.

In the filter function in SpamBlacklist_body.php, approximately halfway between the file start and end, are the lines:

Directly above this section (which does the actual regex test on the extracted links), one could add additional code to check the external RBL servers:

This ensures that, if an edit contains URLs from already blocked spam domains, an error is returned to the user indicating which link cannot be saved due to its appearance on an external spam block list. If nothing is found, the remaining regex tests are allowed to run normally, so that any manually-specified 'suspicious pattern' in the URL may be identified and blocked.

Note that the RBL servers list just the base domain names - not the full URL path - so http://example.com/casino-viagra-lottery.html will trigger RBL only if "example.com" itself were blocked by name by the external server. The regex, however, would be able to block on any of the text in the URL and path, from "example" to "lottery" and everything in between. Both approaches carry some risk of false-positives - the regex because of the use of wildcard expressions, and the external RBL as these servers are often created for other purposes - such as control of abusive spam email - and may include domains which are not engaged in forum, wiki, blog or guestbook comment spam per se.

Other spam-fighting tools
There are various helpful manuals on mediawiki.org on combating spam and other vandalism:


 * - includes link to the built-in anti-spam mechanism.

Other anti-spam, anti-vandalism extensions include:


 * Systemnachrichten
 * Systemnachrichten



Siehe auch

 * Compatible blocklist (this is just a tiny sampling; there are many more)
 * Meta-Wiki block list


 * Other resources