Extension:Page Forms/Linking to forms/en

How do you get users to forms? The standard way is via the  parser function call, which displays a single input for users to enter the name of a page; if they enter such a name and click the button, they are sent to a form to create that page - unless a page with that name already exists, in which case they are sent to a form for editing the existing page. This is what is known as the "two-step process". The reason for the initial step, of having the user first enter the page name, is to ensure that users don't accidentally overwrite existing pages. This process is so standard that it is built into the default forms produced by Page Forms' "Special:CreateForm" and "Special:CreateClass" helper pages: any form-definition page created by Page Forms includes, at the top, a call to #forminput, so that users who go to that form page can automatically start to use the form.

However, it's also possible to have users skip the first step, of entering the page name - that's what you should do if the form contains a formula for setting the page title based on the user input. That's the "one-step process", and it uses the parser function  instead of.

Query forms, which use Special:RunQuery, have their own linking method, using the parser function.

The two-step process
The two-step process, i.e. the standard way to get users to forms, is done using the  parser function.

Using #forminput
Here is the syntax of the #forminput parser function:



All arguments are optional. An explanation of the parameters:


 * - the name of the PF form to be used. If a comma-separated list of forms is passed in, a dropdown will appear, letting the user choose among those forms. If this parameter is left empty, a dropdown will appear letting the user choose among all existing forms.
 * - the size of the text input (default is 25).
 * - the starting value of the input (default is blank).
 * - the text that will appear on the "submit" button (default is "Create or edit page").
 * - you can use this option to pass information to the form; this information generally takes the form of templateName[fieldName]=value. It should look like a typical URL query string; an example would be "query string=namespace=User&User[Is_employee]=yes".
 * additionally, any query string values can be passed directly in as parameters - so the values above could instead be passed in as "|namespace=User|User[Is_employee]=yes".
 * - adds autocompletion to the input, using the names of all pages in a specific category.
 * - adds autocompletion to the input, using the names of all pages in a specific namespace (only one of these two can be used).
 * - "placeholder" text that appears in the form input before the user types anything.
 * - specifies that a dropdown should be placed before the input for the page name, letting the user choose from a set of possible namespaces for this page; the value for this parameter holds that set of namespace names, separated by commas. (For the main namespace, just have a blank value, like ",User,Project".)
 * - opens the form in a popup window.
 * - by default; the form input gets autofocus, i.e., the cursor is placed in the input when the page loads; this parameter specifies not to do this.
 * - the name of a page that the user will be sent to after submitting the form, instead of simply going to the saved page.
 * - if "popup" or "returnto" are specified, causes the page that the user ends up on after submitting the form to get reloaded with 'action=purge'.

Adding pages of a specific namespace
You can have a page-input form create pages within a specific namespace (like 'User:') by default, without forcing users to type in that namespace every time. To do that, add "namespace=namespace-name" to the "query string=" parameter.

An example call to  would be:



(Note that, if you want to use SMW on a custom namespace, you need to add the namespace to $smwgNamespacesWithSemanticLinks.)

Adding sub-pages
In MediaWiki, you can create subpages by including a slash in the page name. To have the page that's added automatically be a subpage, you can add a value for "super_page=" in the query string. To make it a subpage of the current page, you can set this value to "super_page=". This will prepend a "current-page-name/" at the beginning of the page name that the user types in.

The one-step process
You can have the name of the page created by the form be set automatically, by adding a " " parameter within the form definition's " " tag. There are two types of "variables" one can include in the value for this parameter:


 * - gets replaced with the value for the specified field field-name in the specified template template-name. Note: this will not work when the " " tag is declared as " ".
 * - by default, gets replaced by the lowest number for which the page title that's generated is unique. Normally, this value starts out as blank, then goes to 2, then 3, etc. However, one can manually set the starting number for this value, by adding a "  " parameter; this number must be 0 or higher. For instance, to have the number start at 1 and go upward, you should set the tag to be " ". You can also instead set it to be a random six-digit number, by adding the "random" parameter, so that the tag looks like " ". You can also set the number of digits to be something other than 6, by adding a number after "random", like " ". Note that the parameters in all these cases are delimited by semicolons.
 * Note that the " " value cannot contain the character " ", because MediaWiki does not allow that character in page titles.

See here for an example of a form that uses a page name formula.

As another example, imagine a form for storing notable quotes. Its  tag could have a parameter of "page name=&lt;Quote[Author name]> quote &lt;unique number;start=1>". This would include the author's name in the name of every quote page, as well as a number to guarantee the uniqueness of every opinion-item page added. A user could then go to the URL  and fill out the form; if they set the author to be , and no other quotes in the wiki had him as an author, then hitting the "Save page" button would result in a new page called.

The " " value can have leading zeroes; a value of " ", for instance, would lead to pages that had the value " ", then " ", etc.

The " " value gets parsed by the MediaWiki parser, so you can also add parser functions, pre-defined variables, etc. into the value. Note that users must be sent to the page " " for this automatic page-setting to work; if they somehow end up at a  call and are prompted for a page name, that name will override whatever the automatic page name would be.

Using #formlink
If you want, you can generate this link using the  parser function, instead of creating the URL directly. This function is called as:



An explanation of the parameters:


 * The, query string and   arguments work much the same way that their equivalents in   work.
 * - works like  (see above).
 * - sets the display of the link:
 * if it's set to, the link will show up as a button;
 * if it's set to, it will be a button that sends the query-string value(s) using "POST" instead of via the URL — this is helpful when a lot of data has to be preloaded, and it is more robust with special characters like line breaks in the query string;
 * if it's set to blank or anything else, it will show up as a regular link.
 * - shouldn't usually be used, but it sets the "target" page to be edited, if you want to link to the editing of a specific page.
 * - displays a tooltip, displayed if a user hovers the link.
 * - opens the form in a popup window. (Note: popup forms may not work if you have the ConfirmEdit extension installed - users might not see the CAPTCHA they need to fill out.)
 * - opens the form in a new window or tab, depending on the browser.
 * - the name of a page that the user will be sent to after submitting the form, instead of simply going to the saved page.
 * - if "popup" or "returnto" are specified, causes the page that the user ends up on after submitting the form to get reloaded with 'action=purge'.

An example call to  would be:



This will link from the page, via a button, to a form for adding a quote, with the "Author" field filled in with the current page name. If there are multiple values, they should be separated by "&".



Note that if any part of your query string — such as a page name or anything else — contains characters such as apostrophes, ampersands , or plus signs , you will need to URL-encode that value. For that, you can use the  function from the ParserFunctions extension. The example above, for instance, would need to change to: .}}

You may want to have the link to the form be an image, instead of text or a button. For that, you could call something like:



Linking to query forms
You can link to query forms, i.e. forms run within the page Special:RunQuery, by using the  parser function. This is called in the same way as, except that there's no "target" parameter. For a more complete explanation, see Creating links to query forms.

Pointing red links to a form
In MediaWiki, links to nonexistent pages are called 'red links', because they are usually colored red. By default, these links go to a page for adding the article to the wiki using the standard edit interface. However, you can instead set red links to link directly to a form to create that page, if the correct form is known in advance; and you can additionally have all other red links point to a helper page that lets the user choose which of the wiki's forms to use (if any).

Using #formredlink
To have a specific link (either on its own, or within a template) point to a form if the page it is pointing to does not exist, use the #formredlink parser function. A typical call to #formredlink will go inside a template, and will look like:

The overall syntax of #formredlink is:



These parameters are very similar to those of #formlink (see above). It has two additional parameters:


 * "existing page link text=" - sets the text of the link when the target page being pointed to exists already (the "link text=" parameter takes effect only when the target does not exist).
 * "create page" - causes red-linked pages to get automatically created by the system. It should be noted that it may take a while for each page to be created, since page creation is done through MediaWiki "jobs", which can take anywhere from a few seconds to several hours or more to run, depending on the length of the job queue. Pages created with this method will be associated with user ID 1 (the first user created on the wiki), unless you set   to another username.

There may be times when you are not sure which form a linked-to page will use; it could be one of a number of choices. You can set it so that the user gets other possibilities when they click on the red link, by adding one or more "alt_form" query string parameters to the #formredlink call, each with its own number.

As an example, see this page. Both the author and the source are red-linked, but the links take you to forms for adding these two pages (please do not actually fill out and submit these forms, because that would ruin the example). When you get to the forms for each page, you can see, at the top, that there are alternative forms that you can select for adding each page. That is enabled by the following two calls to #formredlink in the template where those links are defined:

For the source:

For the author:

In the example page, the "source" call creates a link to. Note that no main/default form is specified; only alternate forms.

The "author" call is more complex because that field can hold a list of values.
 * 1) arraymap is used to put in a call to #formredlink for each individual value; as well as to store each individual value using an SMW property.

Note that the internal "variable" used for this #arraymap call is "xx", not "x" - "x" could have been used here too, but if the #formredlink call had used its "link text=" or "existing link text=" parameters, those would have failed, because they contain the letter "x"; "xx" is safer here.

Form-associated namespaces
If you've defined a namespace as having a default form, red-links that go to a page within that namespace will also go to the right 'add data' form, without any extra work needed.

Pointing red links to a "form chooser"
For red links not defined by #formredlink and not pointing to a form-associated namespace, you can have every such link point to a helper page, that lets the user choose which of the wiki's forms to use to create this page - or to use no form at all. You can enable this functionality simply by adding the following to LocalSettings.php, below the inclusion of PF:

You can see an example of this interface by clicking on the red link here (please do not create this page).

Preloading data
You may want a form to already contain some data when the user goes to it. (Note that this only applies to adding new data, or to query forms; for editing an existing page, there is no way to set the contents of the form to anything other than the current contents of that page.) There are various ways to do this:


 * Specify a "default" value for whatever fields you want to have a value for in the form.
 * Specify a "preload" page for the "free text" input, which will preload the free text field with the contents of that page.
 * Add 'preload=preload-page-name' to the query string value in the 'forminput' call; this will preload the entire form with the contents of that page.
 * Similarly, you can add a "preload=..." value to the query string for a 'FormStart' or 'FormEdit' URL.
 * Add "template-name[field-name]=field-value" to the query string value in the 'forminput' call, to set the value for a specific field. To preload values for more than one field use "&": "template-name[field-name-1]=field-value-1&template-name[field-name-2]=field-value-2"
 * To preload values for multiple-instance templates, add the instance number after the template name. So you could have something like "template-name[1][field-name]=field-value&template-name[2][field-name]=field-value" for two instances.
 * Similarly, you can add a value for a specific field to the URL query string for 'FormStart' or 'FormEdit'.
 * Finally, you can create your own custom handling, using the 'sfEditFormPreloadText' hook. If another extension calls this hook, it can preload data however it wants. The function registered with this hook should have a header like "function-name(&$page_contents, $page_title, $form_title)".

Modifying pages automatically
You can create links that, when clicked on, create or edit pages automatically in the background, with a preloaded set of values, using the  parser function. This function is called, and is displayed, in a very similar manner to  - the difference is that the link only performs an action in the background, instead of bringing the user to a form. The syntax for  is:



All these parameters work in the same way as they do in #formlink, with four exceptions:
 * is a new parameter that, if added to the call, marks any edit made with this link as a minor edit.
 * is a new parameter that, if added to the call, reloads the current page after the link is clicked.
 * is a new parameter that, if added to the call, pops up a confirmation window for the user before doing the actual edit.
 * Like with #formlink,  sets the type of display and can be set to "link" or "button" ("post button" is not an option). However, for #formlink, a missing value for "link type" is the same as setting the value to "link"; while for #autoedit, the two are different. In #autoedit, a missing value for "link type" will display the text as text, without a link, while setting "link type=link" will display it as a link.

Example
As an example, let's say you want to create a simple voting scheme, letting users vote between "Vanilla", "Chocolate" and "Strawberry". You have a page for each, and each one contains a template called "Flavor", with a field called "Num votes" - that field, in turn, sets a Cargo field called "Num_votes". And there is also a form, also called "Flavor", to edit such pages. To create a link that, when clicked, increments the number of votes in the "Vanilla" page by one, you could place the following call on the page:



Modifying a list of values
You can add, or remove, a value from a list of values, for fields that hold a list of values (such as fields editable with the  or   input types). To add a value to such a list, instead of having a call like  in the query string, use a call like. And to remove a value, use a call like.

Unfortunately, this functionality currently only works for fields whose delimiter is a comma.

If, when adding a value to a list, that value was already there; or when removing a value, that value was not there, this call will have no effect.

Modifying multiple-instance templates
You can use #autoedit to modify existing, or create new, instances of a multiple-instance template. To do that, instead of putting in the query string something like, put in something like  , where instance number is an integer that's 0 or higher. If the instance number corresponds to an instance that is already on the page, the existing template instance will be modified; if it's higher than that, a new instance will be created, with that value for that field.

For additional namespaces
By default, autoedit functionality is only available for any of the so-called 'content namespaces', which by default is just the main namespace. However, this can be changed by modifying the global variable $wgPageFormsAutoeditNamespaces in LocalSettings.php. For instance, to let autoedit also apply to pages in the "User:" namespace, you should add the following line:

API
This functionality is also available via the MediaWiki API, as the  action - this enables outside scripts, and bots, to easily modify template calls within wiki pages. You can read the full documentation on this here.