Manual:Pywikibot/Installation/zh

初始设置
安装pywikibot有四个基本的步骤：
 * 1) 下载或更新的Python，
 * 2) 决定使用哪个版本，
 * 3) 下载pywikibot，
 * 4) 配置pywikibot的基本设置.

下载Python

 * Unix系统：通常安装了足够新版本的Python（2.5兼容性高，2.7内核）. 点击.


 * Mac OS X 10.8+: has a version of Python that is recent enough to run pywikibot. If you run an older OS X, or are unsure, download and install Python 2.7.6 from http://www.python.org/downloads/


 * Windows：从http://www.python.org/downloads/ 下载并安装最新版Python


 * Python版本：支持Python的以下版本：

两个版本的pywikibot
目前正在积极发展的两个分支. 你可以选择：
 * Core (formerly rewrite), which should be your first choice. If you don't know what to choose, take this branch.
 * Compat (formerly trunk) is an older version of the framework. If you are editing on old wikis (pre-1.16 or so), or require one of the scripts that is not available on core yet (see the compatibility list), this is what you want. However, if are going to edit WikiMedia wikis, compat is deprecated.

Due to a Unicode bug in the underlying python library, python version 2.7.2 or higher is strictly recommended for Wikimedia projects using the Compat branch. See also the requirements for a bot, which describes needed python version and pywikibot branches.

下载Pywikibot
下载Pywikibot的最简单方法是使用.

在Git下载Pywikibot
为了使用Git安装，您需要运行：
 * For compat (formerly "trunk")

With the  option it automatically installs the required submodules. Currently there are two submodules (i18n and spelling); one of them (i18n) is really required even for English language bots:

用SVN下载Pywikibot
如果你不想使用Git，你仍然可以使用SVN.

Windows users may use the GUI extension TortoiseSVN, see next section below.

For installing with SVN you should run


 * For core (formerly rewrite)
 * For compat (formerly trunk)

Windows用户使用TortoiseSVN下载Pywikibot
TortoiseSVN是一个自带图形用户界面的Windows外壳扩展的SVN客户端. 您可以下载最新版本 http://tortoisesvn.net/downloads.html. If you like using TortoiseSVN you may use it as follows:


 * For core release (formerly rewrite)
 * 1) Right-click on your preferred directory and execute
 * 2) Choose   and paste the URL
 * 3) Choose   and change the default directory which is   e.g. to   if you like.
 * 4) Confirm with
 * Now we have to install external libraries used by the framework. There are different ways to do that e.g. again with the checkout command. Another way is using properties. You may set it manually but it is very easy to use the preference file named .svnprops coming with the framework which sets all the needed properties:


 * 1) Right-click your working directory
 * 2) Select the last item in the drop list which might be folder's
 * 3) Select   tab and click on   button
 * 4) click   and select the file   in your framework folder
 * 5) Confirm with   for property settings
 * 6) Confirm with   for folder properties
 * 7) Now right-click onto your working copy and select   to download the external libraries.


 * For compat release (formerly trunk)
 * 1) Right-click on your prefered directory and execute
 * 2) Choose   and paste the URL
 * 3) Choose   and change the default directory which is   e.g. to   if you like.
 * 4) Confirm with
 * Now we have to install external libraries used by the framework. There are different ways to do that e.g. again with the checkout command. Another way is using properties in a similar way as in core release.

Right-click on your working copy and choose
 * Updating the working copy

命令行的快捷键
To allow your source code to be developed outside of the pywikibot source directory, add something like: to a file that gets run on login, usually ~/.bashrc - this avoids typing the export PYTHONPATH part in each time you log in. Naturally, change paths to match your installation.

Similarly, you can set the PYWIKIBOT_DIR environment variable to specify the directory in which user-specific information is stored (in particular, user-config.py which contains login data for the bot).

Windows用户：创建一个快捷方式
How to make a quick shortcut to run commands (Windows users):

If you're installing Pywikibot in a folder such as "My Documents" it may be troublesome to repeatedly use the "chdir" command to go into the folder to run the bots.

On Windows you can create a shortcut which will open the command box which you can use to run bots easily. Just follow these steps to create one:
 * 1) Right click the folder pywikibot is installed in.
 * 2) Click "Create shortcut". A new shortcut icon with the arrow key will be created.
 * 3) Right click on the new shortcut, and click properties.
 * 4) In the properties window, in the target box type in cmd.exe.
 * 5) In the "start in" box enter the full address of pywikibot.
 * 6) Click "OK".
 * 7) Click the shortcut and the cmd.exe opens up with the full path listed.
 * If you press F5 to refresh the window (or re-open the shortcut's properties), you will notice that the shortcut icon has changed.

升级
The pywikibot framework is a perpetual beta software. Bugfixes, new options, new behavior and changes of the mediawiki software leads to frequently new releases and needs the working copy code to be up to date. Please update your branch regularly (daily period or at least once a week).

Updating nightly dump

 * If you are using a nightly version, the process is a bit more complicated. You have to re-download a full copy from here. Before installing it, backup your configuration files and scripts (user-config.py, any family file, or custom script that you might have created, and any current dump XML file you're using for a wiki). Replace your pywikibot directory by the new version you just downloaded. Restore your configuration files. If you're not sure of what you're doing, do not erase but keep a backup of your complete old pywikibot directory, to avoid losing any important files.

Updating git

 * If you used Git for downloading Pywikibot, you must go to the your directory and run the following command:


 * You may need to do  as well, if you need up-to-date i18n files.

Automatic updating git on Wikimedia Labs or Toolserver
For automatic updating you can make update bash file and put it in root and fill it with these commands, For WMF labs (in your service group): and then run crontab -e and enter the following to make your bot to run every day at 00:00AM (midnight): Notice: in these cods yourservicegroup is name of your service group (without "-local").

For auto-updating in toolserver you just need to as the same as above but instead of "/data/project/yourservicegroup/" you need to enter "/data/project/yourusername/" which is "yourusername" is your user name!

Updating svn
To update the code for core branch: To update the code for compat branch:

Updating with TortoiseSVN (for Windows user)
Updating the working copy with TortoiseSVN is just easy: Right-click on your working copy directory and choose

Core
Use  package management system to install dependencies. It is included by Python 2.7.9 and Python 3.4. To install all dependencies just run the following command:

For a single package use:

To uninstall a single package use:

Compat
The pywikibot framework is quite a big and complex code and some scripts needs external python modules (libraries) from other sources also in order to work properly. The dependencies can be installed manually or automatically (not supported by core yet).

If any issues arise during installation (of dependencies) please file a bug report or write to the pywikipedia-l maillist.

Automatic (recommended)
If available this is the recommended way, because this will result in an identical setup on all machines. All you have to do is just execute your favorite script after installation (for example, ) and pywikibot will ask you whether you want to install missing packages, and continue to ask questions on how you want to configure your local copy.

Packages will be installed from OS package management if possible (all Linux, not under win). If they cannot be found they will be downloaded as archive from original source, extracted and installed. In the course of this process a few packages have to be slightly modified in order to work seamlessly with pywikibot. This modification needs an additional binary tool called patch (patch.exe under win). Unfortunately this is not available from MS; however, we can use a port of the original linux code (gnuwin32 patch.exe)

It is worth mentioning here that - despite the OS package management "install mode" - all files are installed locally into the externals/ directory of pywikibot. This is a very useful feature for users that do not have permission to install software to their system, e.g. non-admins.

手册（专家）
In order to install the needed packages manually, you first need to know which ones. A full list of all needed modules can be found in externals/__init__.py and contains: Which ones you really need, depends strongly on the script you intend to run - if you are unsure use the automatic mode above. In order to check correct installation just run a bot script. If the dependencies are satisfied everything will be ok, else the framework will complain and ask whether it should install missing packages automatically.
 * framework core code:
 * i18n [git submodule]
 * spelling [git submodule]
 * httplib2 [git submodule]
 * BeautifulSoup.py [included since important]
 * patch.exe
 * depending of which script will be used:
 * opencv, opencv/haarcascades [git submodule]
 * pycolorname [git submodule]
 * irclib
 * mwparserfromhell
 * parse-crontab
 * odfpy
 * openpyxl
 * python-colormath
 * jseg, jseg/jpeg-6b
 * mlpy
 * music21
 * ocropus
 * pydmtx
 * py_w3c
 * zbar
 * (slic)
 * (bob, xbob_flandmark)

Setup on Wikimedia Labs/Tool Labs server
In order to install your bot onto the Wikimedia servers and run it from there, make sure first to become familiar with Wikimedia Labs/Tool Labs environment.

In the next step you have to request several accounts (for labs, for the tools project, your tool), provide an ssh key and so on. How to do this and then proceed, is described in full detail in Setup pywikibot on Labs.

Pywikibot source repo moved (from svn) to git, please confer Manual:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit first.

The bots projects here has become obsolete use tools now, in order to do so follow Tools/Help to get an account. Then create your tool (service group).

If you used the toolserver in the past and know how everything used to work there, confer migrating from toolserver for more info.

Now you are ready to start. Login to Labs tools project: $ ssh USERNAME@tools-login.wmflabs.org switch to the tool account with maintainer@tools-login:~$ become toolname local-toolname@tools-login:~$

Now install/clone the pywikibot code to your tool account as described below.

core
Similar to the instructions given in this mail do: $ git clone --recursive https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/pywikibot/core.git pywikibot-core $ cd pywikibot-core

Now you have to setup pywikibot. Choose any one of the following processes to configure your system:
 * Execute
 * Run your favorite bot script (e.g. ) since you are doing this in a fresh clone, it will trigger a bunch of questions on how you want to configure your local copy, answer them carefully in order to proceed.
 * If you already have a config file(s) from a previous version, you can copy those existing files into the right places (e.g. pywikibot-compat/).

Further things you might have to do (depending on what bot scripts you want to run) is to setup all externals properly - which still has to be done manually in core $ cd externals $ cat README and follow the instructions there.

You will also have to enter the password for your bot eventually.

Now you have finished the configuration of core and can continue setting up the jobs to execute.

compat
Do: $ git clone --recursive https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/pywikibot/compat.git pywikibot-compat

Now, as similarly described in the core section above, you have to setup pywikibot. Choose any one of the following processes to configure your system:
 * Execute
 * Run your favorite bot script (e.g. ) since you are doing this in a fresh clone, it will trigger a bunch of questions on how you want to configure your local copy, answer them carefully in order to proceed.
 * If you already have a config file(s) from a previous version, you can copy those existing files into the right places (e.g. pywikibot-compat/).

See this article for more details on configuring your bot including creating the files manually. You may setup all externals manually if you want - but this is not needed in compat, confer Manual:Pywikipediabot/Installation for further info.

You will also have to enter the password for your bot eventually.

Now you have finished the configuration of compat and can continue setting up the webspace and jobs to execute.

Setup the webspace
Per default, the directory listing on http://tools.wmflabs.org/TOOLNAME is disabled. If you want to allow it for all users, login to your tool account (as already described) and $ cd ~/public_html $ echo Options +Indexes >> .htaccess

If you run a bot with the  option, you will find the log files within the logs/ directory. If you want to allow users to access it from the web, do $ cd ~/public_html $ mkdir logs $ cd logs $ ln -s ~/pywikibot-core/logs cor

If you want a specific file type to be handled differently by your browser, e.g. .log files like text files, use (confer this) $ echo AddType text/plain .log >> .htaccess and (don't forget to) clear your browsers cache afterwards.

Next you might want to consider you cgi-bin directory $ cd ~/cgi-bin follow the hints given at wikitech:Nova Resource:Tools/Help exactly, e.g. even the two commands

$ /usr/bin/python     # valid $ /usr/bin/env python # in-vali work and do the same in shell, only the first one is valid and works here, the second is invalid! Another point to mention is that PHP scripts go into public_html, not cgi-bin. Python scripts on the other hand can be placed in public_html or cgi-bin as you wish. I would recommend to use public_html for documents and keep it listable, whereas cgi-bin should be used for CGI scripts and be protected (not listable).

安装工作流程
In order to setup the submission of the jobs you want to execute and use the grid engine you should first consider wikitech:Nova Resource:Tools/Help and if you are familiar with the Toolserver and its architecture consult Migrating from toolserver also.

In general labs uses SGE and its commands like qsub et al, this is explained in this document which you should use in order to get an idea which command and what parameters you want to use.

An infinitely running job (e.g. irc-bot) like this (cronie</tt> entry from TS submit host):

becomes

or shorter

the first expression is good for debugging. Memory values smaller than 256MB seam not to work here, since that is the minimum. If you experience problems with your jobs, like e.g. Fatal Python error: Couldn't create autoTLSkey mapping you can try increasing the memory value - which is also needed here, because this script uses a second thread for timing and this thread needs memory too. Therefore use finally

Now in order to create a crontab follow Scheduling jobs at regular intervals with cron and setup for crontab file like: $ crontab -e and enter

高级配置
Furthermore additional tools to support you and your bot at work are available:
 * wikitech:Nova Resource:Tools/Help, basically out-of-the-box but just for a short time period
 * wikitech:Nova Resource:Tools/Help
 * Gerrit/New repositories
 * Git/New repositories/Requests

创建用户文件
As a final step before using the bot scripts, you have to create user configuration files. The main one is. If you execute your favorite script after installation (for example, ) then pywikibot ask questions on how you want to configure your local copy and will create these files. You can also run generate user files.py to create these files.

在Windows下运行Pywikibot
请注意Manual:Pywikibot/Windows中的提示.

验证安装
由内核分支，进入命令行 python pwb.py login should prompt for the login password for your bot, and then report Logged in on somewiki:lang as bot username.