Help:Extension:Kartographer/OSM/ja



OpenStreetMap のオブジェクトを使用する方法
You can draw polygon and way objects (regions and lines), such as countries, roads, or parks from OpenStreetMap directly on maps. これを行うには、OSM オブジェクトにウィキデータ ID をタグ付けする必要があります. ウィキペディアの地図は地点 (ノード) にまだ対応していません.

 { "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q995174", "properties": { "title": "Bryant Park", "description": "", "stroke": "#125123", "stroke-width": 3, "fill": "#2aaf4d" } }

例えば、ニューヨークのブライアント パークを強調するには、それのウィキデータ ID 番号を見つける必要があります. 最も簡単な方法は、対応するウィキ記事 ブライアント パーク を開き、左のツールボックス内の「」を開くことです. In some rare cases, there may not be a corresponding Wikidata item, in which case you should create it and add the Wikipedia article to it.

Once added (see "how to" below if it's missing), you will be able to use the "geoline" service for lines, "geoshape" service for polygons, and "geomask" service to mask-out everything except the needed polygon.



ウィキデータ ID を OSM に追加する方法
Scroll down to "Add field:" box, which is right above the "All tags (..)". 言語を選択して記事名をコピー&ペーストします. これによりウィキデータ タグも自動的に追加されます (「すべてのタグ」節で確認できます).
 * osm.org を開きます.
 * アカウントをお持ちではない場合は、(右上隅の)「ログイン」をクリックし、ウィキペディア アイコンをクリックします - これによりあなたのウィキペディア アカウントで OSM を使用できるようになります.
 * 検索ボックスを使用し、左のペインで必要なオブジェクトを見つけてクリックします.
 * お探しのオブジェクトが鮮やかなオレンジの線で表示されたら、「wikipedia」・「wikidata」タグを確認します. 両方ある場合は、これで完了です.
 * Zoom in onto any part of the orange line all the way to the ground.
 * 上部の「編集」ボタンをクリックします. 地図上のいかなる場所もクリックしないようにご注意ください.
 * The left side of the screen should now show "Edit feature" box.
 * If there was no wikipedia and no wikidata tags, click "add field" box and select Wikipedia.
 * If there was a wikipedia tag, but no wikidata, you can either delete and re-add the wikipedia box, and simply add the "wikidata" tag by hand in the "all tags" section.
 * 保存をクリックし、変更内容の適切な説明を入力します.
 * データは約１日で利用できるようになるはずです (この時間を短縮できるよう作業を進めています)



複数の線分から単一のオブジェクトを取得する方法
Often, a group of lines correspond to a single item – such as a road that is made up of multiple ways. Each "wikidata" tag should have a unique value, so therefore the individual lines need to be grouped into a single object. The following instructions assume you want to create (or find) a single object for a road, but should work (with minor variations) for other types of lines.

用語

 * ノード:
 * ノードは地図上の単一の地点です


 * ウェイ:
 * ウェイは2個以上のノードを接続する線分です


 * リレーション:
 * リレーションはウェイ群のグループであり、経路を構成します

制限


過程の概要

 * OSM で、道路全体を網羅するリレーションを見つけるかまたは作成します
 * タグを使用してウィキデータ項目 ID (Q 番号) を追加します (まだない場合)
 * データベースが処理されるまで1～2日待ちます



過程の詳細
Find a way which is part of the road you want, and click it. The pane will then load details for the selected way, and it will be highlighted on the map. If there are any relations listed there, click on them to check if they cover the whole road. If you find one you want, good; otherwise you will need to create one (see 'Create a new relation' below) Be careful not to click anything in the map. The left side of the screen should now show "Edit feature" box. Scroll down to "Add field:" box, which is right above the "All tags (..)". Select the language and copy/paste the article name. This will automatically add the Wikidata tag as well (you can check them in the "all tags" section). The data should be available to Wikipedia in about 1 day.
 * 1) osm.org を開きます.
 * 1) Move the map so you can see the road you want, and enter the road name into search box
 * 1) Results (ways) will come up in a pane of the left of the screen.
 * 1) Scroll down the pane to the bottom, and look at the section "Part of".
 * 1) Click "edit" button at the top.
 * 1) *If there was no wikipedia and no wikidata tags, click "add field" box and select Wikipedia.
 * 1) *If there was a wikipedia tag, but no wikidata, you can either delete and re-add the wikipedia box, and simply add the "wikidata" tag by hand in the "all tags" section.
 * 1) Click Save, and enter a good change description.



リレーションの新規作成
If there is no exisitng relation for the road you want, you'll have to create a new one. There are multiple ways do this: Potlatch 2 editor is good for shorter roads, JOSM editor is better for longer roads.



Potlatch の使用
It will show up highlighted on the map. Continue to CTRL+click additional ways until the whole road is highlighted. Below this table, click on "Add to". A window titled "Select relation" will pop-up, down the bottom of this window click the "New relation..." button. A blank table of Keys and Values is shown – add the following keys/values to the table (click "Add" just under the table) You can go back to https://www.openstreetmap.org and repeat Step 1 to verify the new relation you just created.
 * 1) Zoom in to the area around the road, then click the dropdown arrow next to "Edit", select "Edit with Potlatch 2"
 * 1) Once Potlatch has loaded data onto the screen, use CTRL+click to select the first way (road segment).
 * 1) In the pane on the left, there is a table down the bottom listing any existing relations for the ways that have been selected.
 * 1) At the bottom of the window, click advanced.
 * :  name of the road 
 * : Q-number (the wikidata ID)
 * : Q-number (the wikidata ID)
 * : Q-number (the wikidata ID)
 * 1) Close the "Edit relation" pop-up window, and save the edit.



JOSM の使用
Use the method described in 'Process details' above to find any overlapping ways, and note their object id (the number in brackets, also in the url following  once clicked on) Be aware that the bounding boxes can't be too large, or the OSM server will not allow the download. Repeat if necessary. Now you need to select all the ways that make up the road. There are two ways to do this: This can be repeated as many times as necessary, if multiple names are used along the route, or non-road items are selected (e.g. buildings along the road) – for the first search select "Replace selection", for subsequent searches, select "Add to selection" or "Remove from selection". Click Start search. Multiple items can be added or removed by holding down the click, and drawing a box that completely contains the items. Look through this list for items to remove with another search. Also look at the route on the main part of the screen for any missed ways to add with another search. Enter the road name in the name field, click New relation. A more detailed window will pop up. In the Key/Value table, click into the blank space in the Key column, type "wikidata" (lowercase). In the Value field to the right, type the Wikidata ID (Q-number) for the road. OK ボタンをクリックします. A warning box may pop up - per the instructions there, "When in doubt ignore them" (or if you know what you are doing, you can fix them); click Continue upload Enter a meaning comment for the changes, for the data source you can specify "OSM data", then click Upload changes. Minor changes can be made using Potlatch if required.
 * 1) Make sure your account has an OSM password associated with it: login with Wikipedia account, then go to your profile (click your name box in the top-right corner of screen), go to Settings, fill in Password and Confirm password fields, scroll down and click Save changes.
 * 1) Download or launch JOSM from https://josm.openstreetmap.de/
 * Now, in JOSM, you need to download the ways that make up the road you want. There are two ways to do this (and you can also use a combination of both methods):
 * 1) *Download existing relations which overlap with the road you want (e.g. Relation: 94 (317411) overlaps with most of Great Eastern Highway.
 * Go to File -> Download object... -> enter object id (or ids), click Download objects
 * 1) *Download areas containing the road.
 * Go to File -> Download from OSM... -> select area with mouse, click Download.
 * 1) Once downloaded, you should see lines representing all the ways along the route (as well as other data if you downloaded areas).
 * 1) *Search for items to add to or remove from the selection
 * Go to Edit -> Search... -> Enter the name of the road in the search box.
 * SHIFT+click on items to add them to the selection, or CTRL+click on items to remove them from the selection.
 * 1) The selected items will be highlighted on the screen, and will be listed in a box on the right.
 * 1) Once you're happy with the selection, go to Presets -> Relations -> Routes -> Road route.
 * 1) Now upload the data to OSM:
 * 1) *Go to File -> Upload data.
 * 1) *In the next window, check that you're not accidentally deleting things, changing things, or adding anything other than the new relation you just made.
 * 1) *Login with your username and OSM password when requested.
 * 1) Verify that the new relation has been uploaded (follow the steps in 'Process details' above and the new relation should come up).

Kartographer server structure in a nutshell
For performance reasons, Wikimedia wikis are not requesting OSM data live from OSM. Instead, the data from OSM is regularly copied to Wikimedia servers.


 *  The map server 
 * contains all the logic and delivers the features needed to draw maps: e.g. definition of how Kartographer maps are styled, which parts of OSM data are not shown on Kartographer maps, how data and map features are put together, etc.
 * contains a database with a set of geoshapes and geolines imported from the OSM data that has been linked with Wikidata items.
 *  Server copies  - The map data is copied to 5 servers, because one server alone would not be able to handle the amount of requests from the wiki pages. When a visitor opens a wiki page with a Kartographer map on it, the data for that map is being fetched from one of these server copies. A load balancer decides which server to pick based on server load and where the request is coming from.

This whole server structure is duplicated on two data centers: eqiad and codfw. This way, there is always a fallback when one data center needs to undergo maintenance, is broken etc.

Process for syncing between OSM and Wikimedia wikis

 * The most current copy of relevant OSM objects worldwide is imported once to the main map servers. What’s considered relevant is pre-configured, so as to not overwhelm the database.
 * This export is copied to all server copies.
 * These big exports are not happening regularly. What happens instead is that Wikimedia servers are fetching diffs from the OSM server every day, containing all the changes that were made since the day before.
 * With these diffs, the data on both Wikimedia data centers, and from there on all server copies, are updated daily.
 * If everything works as it should, the data on Wikimedia servers is in sync with OSM once a day. That means:  If you make a change to an OSM map or connect an OSM shape to a Wikidata item, it can take up to one day until the change is visible on Wikimedia wikis. 

Synchronization errors can never be fully prevented, and a bit of a latency is considered normal. If you notice a latency bigger than 2 weeks, we encourage you to file a bug report on Phabricator.