Password storage update

Rationale
Lots of small and big changes to the password storage and password security have been put off for some time. The potential password leak in October identified a number of areas where MediaWiki could be improved.
 * Passwords should be stored in a stronger format, and/or with a stronger hash algorithm (Bugzilla: 28419, Gerrit 77645)
 * Passwords for attached, CentralAuth accounts shouldn't be stored in the local wiki's database (Bug ?)
 * We need a way to force password resets for affected users if passwords are compromised (Bug 54997, Gerrit 92037)
 * MediaWiki lacks a way to enforce good passwords
 * Requests_for_comment/Password_requirements
 * And possibly Requests_for_comment/Password_strength
 * UX would like changes to the interface
 * Password_reset
 * https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=54914

Documents

 * User requirements:
 * Specifications:
 * Software design document:
 * Test plan:
 * Documentation plan:
 * User interface design docs:
 * Schedule:
 * Task management:
 * Release management plan:
 * Communications plan: