Manual:Upgrading/de



Dateienübertragung
Wähle eine Methode zur Übertragung der Dateien:


 * wget
 * Secure copy (sicheres Kopieren) mit SCP or WinSCP
 * SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
 * Einen FTP-Client verwenden.
 * Möglicherweise bietet Ihnen Ihr Provider einen Dateimanager als webbasierte Benutzeroberfläche an.
 * Weitere Methoden: List of file transfer protocols (Liste von Dateiübertragungs-Protokollen)

Vorbereitung
Lesen Sie die, die zum MediaWiki gehört.


 * 1) Prüfen Sie die Voraussetzungen.
 * 2) Lesen Sie die Versionshinweise.
 * 3) Sichern Sie die vorhandenen Dateien und die Datenbank.
 * 4) Entpacken Sie die neuen Dateien.
 * 5) Aktualisieren Sie die Erweiterungen.
 * 6) Starten Sie das Update-Script, um die Datenbank zu überprüfen.
 * 7) Testen Sie das Update.

Anforderungen
MediaWiki erfordert:


 * PHP +
 * Eins der folgenden:
 * MySQL + (oder entsprechendes MariaDB)
 * PostgreSQL 8.3+
 * SQLite 3.3.7+
 * Oracle 9.0.1+

Wenn Sie PostgreSQL benutzen, lesen Sie bitte auch.

Für weitere Informationen lesen Sie bitte  und.

Lesen Sie die Versions-Hiweise
In der "Tarball-Distribution" (der .tar-Paket-Datei) oder unter den von Git ausgecheckten/exportierten Dateien gibt es eine Reihe von Dateien mit Großbuchstaben in den Dateinamen, von denen eine die  (wiki) enthält.

Öffnen Sie diese jetzt und finden Sie heraus, was in diesem Release geändert wurde.

Sichern vorhandener Dateien und der Datenbank

 * Vollständige Anleitung: 

Während die Upgrade-Skripte gut in Stand gehalten und robust sind, können dennoch Dinge schief gehen. Bevor du das Datenbank Schema aktualisierst, ""mach ein vollständiges Backup"" deines Wiki, inklusive der Datenbank und den Dateien:
 * der Inhalt deines Wikis, von der Datenbank (stelle sicher, den richtigen Zeichensatz zu haben, überprüfe dies zuerst in der LocalSettings.php). Es wäre auch gut, zu dem SQL Datenbank Dump zusätzlich einen XML-Dump zu erstellen.
 * Bei MySQL, SQL- und XML-Dump verwende den   Befehl:

mysqldump --user=wikidb_user --password=wikidb_userpassword wikidb > file.sql mysqldump --user=wikidb_user --password=wikidb_userpassword wikidb --xml > file.xml
 * Bei PostgreSQL, Datenbank-Dump verwende den  Befehl:

pg_dump --create -Fc wikidb > file.db.dump
 * Bei SQLite, verwende ein MediaWiki Skript um eine Backup zu erstellen:

php wikifolder/maintenance/sqlite.php --backup-to file
 * Bilder und andere Mediendateien (der Inhalt des images Verzeichnis, benutzerdefiniertes Logo /skins/common/images/wiki.png)
 * Konfigurationsdateien, bspw LocalSettings.php und .htaccess (wenn vorhanden)
 * MediaWikis Programmdateien, inklusive allen Benutzeroberflächen (Skins) und Erweiterungen (Extensions), besonders wenn du diese modifiziert hast.

Verwendung eines Tarball Paketes (.tar)
Du kannst die neuen Dateien via FTP oder Befehlszeile einfügen. Nutze die Befehlszeile, wenn du dazu Zugang hast! Die Befehlszeile zu verwenden ist viel schneller, als jede einzelne Datei der Tausend via FTP hochzuladen.

Du solltest den entpackten tarball in ein neues und leeres Verzeichnis auf dem Server ablegen. Wenn Du den tarball stattdessen direkt in die bestehende alte Version entpackst, solltest Du die Anweisungen auf der Seite Back up existing files and the database beachten. Andernfalls, falls Du irgendwelche Anpassungen vorgenommen hast, werden diese so überschrieben, dass keine Möglichkeit mehr bleibt, diese wieder herzustellen. Wenn Du dazu die neue Version direkt über die bestehende entpackst, können Dateien zurückbleiben, welche die neue Version beim updaten beeinflussen. Es ist daher empfehlenswert, die Dateien in einem neuen Verzeichnis zu entpacken und die Anpassungen im neuen Verzeichnis vorzunehmen (LocalSettings.php, Bildverzeichnis, Erweiterungen und andere Anpassungen wie eigene Skins).

FTP oder grafisch
Falls kein Kommandozeilen-Zugriff auf den Server möglich ist (zum Beispiel bei Shared Hosting), kann das MediaWiki tarball Archiv lokal auf einen Computer heruntergladen und mittels 7zip entpackt werden.

Nachdem alle Dateien und Ordner lokal entpackt wurden, können sie mit einem beliebigen FTP Programm auf den Server hoch geladen werden.

Kommandozeile
Unter Umständen kann es nötig sein, das Kommando als sudo auszuführen, falls der aktuelle Benutzer auf den wiki Installationsverzeichnissen keine vollständigen Schreibrechte haben sollte. Beim enttarren (entpacken) eines tarball Pakets wird normalerweise ein neues Verzeichnis für die neue wiki Version erstellt. Danach müssen die die alten Konfigurationsdateien und das image Verzeichnis, in dem sich Bilder befinen, aus dem alten, vorherigen Installationsordner in den neuen kopiert werden:

$ cd /path/to/your/new/installation/ $ wget https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki//mediawiki-.tar.gz $ tar -xvzf mediawiki-.tar.gz $ rm mediawiki-.tar.gz

(Open)Solaris Benutzer sollten gtar benutzen, oder:

$ gzip -dc mediawiki-.tar.gz | tar xf -

Andere Dateien
Nach dem entpacken das tarball Archivs, sollten einige Dateien und Ordner aus dem alten Installationsverzeichnis in das neue kopiert oder verschoben werden: Once done, make this new folder the published folder on the web server, or rename the old installation directory and then rename the new one to match the old name.
 * , die die alten Konfigurationseinstellungen enthält.
 * Das  (oder   in älteren Versionen) Verzeichnis, das alle ins wiki hochgeladenen Dateien enthält, es sei denn es wurde ein anderes Uploadverzeichnis ausgewählt. Die Zugriffsrechte (Permissions) und der Besitzer (Ownership) müssen geändert werden.    und   (beispielweise falls der web user "appache" ist).
 * Einige Erweiterungen im  Verzeichnis. Es sollten immer die aktuellen Erweiterungen installiert und verwendet werden, veraltete Erweiterungen funktionieren eventuell nicht korrekt oder gar nicht  mit neueren MediaWiki Versionen.
 * Falls ein benutzerdefiniertes Logo verwendet wird, muss diese Datei ebenfalls aus der Sicherungsdatei wiederherstellt werden. In Versionen vor 1.24 befindet es sich normalerweise im Verzeichnis . Ab Version 1.24 im Verzeichnis   oder , je nach dem welches zur Benutzung ausgewählt wurde. Danach dies in der LocalSettings.php hinzufügen, zum Beispiel
 * benutzerdefinierte Skins aus dem  Verzeichnis
 * jede Veränderung, die in den alten Installationsdateien oder Erweiterungen durchgeführt wurde.
 * jede .htaccess Datei (falls Apache verwendet wird und irgendwelche Regeln in der .htaccess eingetragen wurden).

Git verwenden
If using, export the files into a clean location, and then copy the old customized files into the new location as described in the previous section.

If you are upgrading to MediaWiki 1.25 or later, you will also need to install some external PHP libraries using Composer or a provided collection maintained for the Wikimedia wiki farm. More details on installing and updating external libraries can be found in the Git download documentation.

Using patch
A small patch file is usually made available for a minor version upgrade. Manually download and extract the patch file from the dumps site or follow the directions with wget below. Patches are incremental, you can not  skip a version.


 * 1) cd to your main MediaWiki directory (the one with LocalSettings.php).
 * 2) Download the patch file and gunzip it.
 * 3) Use   to check what will be changed (e.g.,  )
 * 4) If all is well, run patch again without.
 * 5) Check your Special:Version and you should see the new version number in place.

Files remaining that may cause errors
If you unpacked over the old installation directory, some old files can cause problems with the new version.

If you are not using profiling, but have a  file in the MediaWiki root folder, you may receive errors referring to. Deleting, or renaming, the  file will resolve this error. The  file, also in the MediaWiki root folder, can serve as a template should you enable profiling in the future.

MediaWiki 1.23 deprecates the skin autodiscovery mechanism of core skin files. After upgrading to this version, you should ensure that the old files,  ,   and   directly in the   directory as well as the according subfolders inside the   directory got removed. MediaWiki will log warnings if any of them are still found to help you remember. (You will also need to adjust any custom skins to follow a similar convention.) See for details.

MediaWiki 1.24 changes the paths of core skin files. After upgrading to this version, you should ensure that the old files,  ,   and   directly in the   directory are no longer present. See for details.

Erweiterungen aktualisieren
Certain extensions have been updated in order to work with the new version of MediaWiki. Be sure to upgrade to the latest versions of such extensions. You might need to perform manual updates to custom extensions.

Different tarballs include some subsets of extensions and have versioning which helps you upgrade choosing the right one for your MediaWiki core release.

Extension Distributor works well for most people who want a snapshot of extensions that will work with their supported versions of MediaWiki.

If you want a lot of extensions then downloading from Git is probably best.

Deine LocalSettings.php anpassen
If you use the same LocalSettings.php from the old version, you may need to adapt it to how new versions handle it:

Skin registration
Since MediaWiki 1.24, bundled skins like Vector, Monobook, Modern and CologneBlue are no longer part of MediaWiki core, and they need to be registered explicitly in LocalSettings.php to use them, otherwise MediaWiki will warn that you don't have installed skins.

This is what you need to add to LocalSettings.php when upgrading from versions older than 1.24 and want to have available one of those skins:

Dieser Code ist zur Benutzung für Versionen von MediaWiki 1.25 und neuer. Für MediaWiki 1.24 Installationen wird der folgenden Code benötigt.

Other skins may still not be adapted to the new skin registration system, so refer to the documentation page about each skin to see how to register it properly in case of problems.

Extension registration
Since MediaWiki 1.25, extensions use a new extension registration system.

Previously your LocalSettings.php</tt> would include something like:

This can be converted to:

Extensions are being adapted to use the new extension registration system. Extensions that are not adapted should use the old way of installing them. Refer to the installation instructions on the extension's page for more information.

Andere Variablen
Einige Variablen könnten obsolet geworden oder gar entfernt worden sein. Diese in LocalSettings.php</tt> zu haben wird für gewöhnlich keinen Effekt haben. Neue Variablen können in neueren Versionen hinzugefügt worden sein, oder einige existierende Variablen ihren Typ geändert haben. We usually try to use sane defaults for them, and in case of type change, be backwards compatible. In any case, take a look to the release notes to see those changes.

Das Update-Skript ausführen
You can upgrade the MediaWiki database in two ways: Either from the command line or from the web browser. If you have shell access to your server, upgrading from the command line is recommended, since this reduces the risk of the upgrade process being interrupted by a timeout or connection reset.

Das Skript wird auch versuchen jede fehlende Abhängigkeit herunterzuladen, welche MediaWiki benötigt.

Kommandozeile
Access the command line of your server or an SSH shell or similar. You can access the command line by connecting to your server via SSH. If the local PC you are working on runs Microsoft Windows, you will need a tool like PuTTY to use SSH. From the command line or the Shell, change to the maintenance</tt> directory and execute the update script:

$ php update.php On a Linux server if you get an error try performing the same command as root ( sudo php maintenance/update.php ). Note for simple installations on Windows (e.g. with ): First make sure that your web server (such as Apache) and your database (such as MySQL) are running. Then run update.php: right-click it, select Open With, and browse to PHP.exe. The resulting command prompt window will likely autoclose when the schema upgrade completes.

You might see a message that your PHP version is too old and that MediaWiki needs a newer version. After that message the update aborts. Reason for this error is that the command line can use another PHP version than that one which you have when you execute MediaWiki from the web server. When you get this message you should check, if you can execute a newer PHP version on the shell by using a different command: That might e.g. be php5 or php56. If another version is available and - if so - under which name, depends on the setup of your server. If it does not work, ask your hoster; he will surely know.

MediaWiki will inspect the existing schema and update it to work with the new code, adding tables and columns as needed.

What to do in case of "ALTER command denied to user" error (or similar)
In case the scripts abort with a message similar to: Error: 1142 ALTER command denied to user 'wiki'@'localhost' for table 'mytable' (localhost) ERROR: must be the owner of the mytable relation This means that you should check that you have defined and  in your  file (in the main directory). These are the user and password needed by this script in order to access to the database.

What to do in case of "unexpected T_STRING" error
Individuals running update.php from the command line may encounter the following error: <pre style="overflow:auto;"> syntax error, unexpected T_STRING, expecting T_OLD_FUNCTION or T_FUNCTION or T_VAR or '}' \ in ~/maintenance/commandLine.inc on line 13 Dieser Fehler tritt auf, wenn update.php unter php4 ausgeführt wird.

Individuals who have their site hosted by providers who provide both php4 and php5 should take the following steps:
 * 1) from the command line, enter the command 'whereis php5'
 * 2) once you have discerned the location of the php5 path, list the contents of php5/bin directory
 * 3) once you've determined the name of the php executable (either php or php5), type in the entire path to execute update.php

Unten ist ein Beispiel: <pre style="overflow:auto;"> $ whereis php5 $ ls -la /usr/local/php5/bin $ /usr/local/php5/bin/php update.php

What to do in case of 'register_argc_argv is set to false' error
You may encounter the error: <pre style="overflow:auto;"> Cannot get command line arguments, register_argc_argv is set to false

<pre style="overflow:auto;"> register_argc_argv=true
 * 1) Go to ~/maintenance. Either edit an existing 'php.ini' file, or create one.
 * 2) Add a line as follows:
 * 1) Re-run php update.php

Web-Browser

 * Siehe auch 

If your database is already big and in high production usage, then you should not be using the Web updater, e.g. because the update process will time out when the maximum_execution_time is reached. In that case you should use update.php from the command-line interface (not from the web). What exactly is "too big" depends on your server (e.g. on its performance, the load and on how long the maximum execution time of PHP allows the script to run). If your wiki is too big for the web updater and your hosting provider does not allow command-line access, then you need to migrate your wiki to another hosting account, preferably to one that does have shell access.

Vor jeder Änderung an der Datenbank sollte eine Datensicherung vorgenommen werden. It might happen that the web-updater does not seem to work: Instead of seeing the initial language selection screen, you might see an empty wiki page, possibly with some error message. In this case it is most likely that your webserver uses Rewrite Rules (most likely for short URLs), which do not show you the updater at mw-config/, but a wiki page at Mw-config/, with capital "M". In this case, rename the .htaccess file for the time of the update. Then you should be able to access the web-updater.
 * 1) Navigate your webbrowser to /mw-config/</tt>. For example, if your wiki is at  http://example.org/w/index.php </tt>, then navigate to  http://example.org/w/mw-config/ </tt>.
 * 2) Select your language and click continue.
 * 3) The existing installation should be detected. Follow the instructions on the screen to upgrade it. If asked for the "upgrade key", open your  file and look for the key assigned to.

Das Update testen
Sobald das Upgrade fertiggestellt ist, besuche das Wiki und überprüfe, dass folgende Funtkionen wie erwartet funktionieren:
 * Seiten ansehen
 * Seiten bearbeiten
 * Dateien hochladen
 * Besuche Special:Version und überprüfe, dass die gezeigte Version korrekt ist und dass alle Extensions gelistet sind.

Häufig gestellte Fragen
<section begin=FAQ />

Wie schwierig ist es zu aktualisieren?
If the only file you have modified is, and you are upgrading from 1.5 or later, the process is very simple. The amount of human work involved is only a few minutes. The database schema changes will take an amount of time proportional to the size of your database — potentially hours for wikis with millions of pages, but for a more typical size of a few thousand pages, it is usually done in seconds.

Minor upgrades, within the same major version, say from 1.13.0 to 1.13.1, do not require any schema changes at all. You can just update the files. The database needs no update, hence it is not necessary to run the installer script.

Upgrading from 1.4 or earlier is potentially complicated because support for character sets other than UTF-8 was dropped, and the schema for storing bulk text changed. Please read the relevant section in the UPGRADE</tt> file.

Upgrading becomes difficult if you have modified our source code, and you don't want your changes to be overwritten. Tools such as diff, patch, Meld or WinMerge may be useful. There is also potential for trouble if you are using unmaintained extensions. Upgrade your extensions at the same time as you upgrade MediaWiki.

If you have modified the skin or use a custom skin you very likely will have to adjust it to work again with the new version of MediaWiki.
 * Instead of patching your "global" css and js (javascript) files everytime you can simply add the code to your MediaWiki:Common.js and MediaWiki:Common.css pages. As these are part of the database which will be reused when you upgrade, you will not have to patch the MediaWiki core files any more.

How do I upgrade from a really old version? In one step, or in several steps?
It depends: If you are upgrading from MediaWiki 1.4 or older, you should upgrade to MediaWiki 1.5 first. If you are upgrading from a Latin-1 wiki, use upgrade1_5.php (found in MediaWiki 1.5) to convert the relevant parts of the database to UTF-8 ( needs to be set to true in your for this to work). Next, run update.php, and then set the option in LocalSettings.php to the encoding previously used by the wiki (e.g. windows-1252). This is basically how Wikipedia and other Wikimedia Foundation sites were upgraded from MediaWiki 1.4 to 1.5 – see the relevant settings file (warning: huge page!) and some related notes at Wikitech. You may need to upgrade to MediaWiki 1.4 before running the upgrade1.5 script.

If you are upgrading from MediaWiki 1.5 or newer, you can upgrade in one step, from your old version to the latest stable version. The vast majority of reports, as well as automated testing, indicate that doing it in one step works just fine. If you have trouble believing this, read this mailing list post. However, please note that when you update from old versions, chances that you will encounter PHP errors are bigger than when you upgrade from the version directly previous to the new version. You would have received these errors anyway, also if you had not skipped versions, but if you had each time done each single update. Only will you - when you skipped versions - get them all at the same time. This will make the upgrade more difficult, but do not forget that you did not have the trouble updating to the intermediate versions, which you skipped!

If upgrading from a MediaWiki version below 1.19, you may need to add the sha1 field to the revision table manually before running the update script (see and a relevant support desk thread).

Sollte ich zuerst ein Backup vornehmen?
Kurzantwort: Ja.

Lange Antwort: Es hängt davon ab a) wie sehr du deine Daten wertschätzt, b) wie schwer es ist, ein Backup anzulegen c) wie sicher du hinsichtlich MySQL-Wartung und Administration bist.

An upgrade failure may leave your database in an inconsistent state, in between two versions. A PHP or MySQL error might happen during upgrade leaving your database partly upgraded. In such situations it may be possible to somehow fix this problem with much manual work. However, it will be way easier to just put a database backup from before running update.php in place and to continue with that. Otherwise you might have hours of - needless - work.

Recovery is often complex. Volunteers on the support forums are unlikely to be impressed if you neglect to make a backup and then need help to recover from upgrade-related corruption. A better outcome is if you can revert to your backup, and then report the bug against the corresponding MediaWiki project in the upgrade process which caused the corruption.

Kann ich meine LocalSettings.php behalten?
Yes, but you may have to make some minor changes. The format of is largely backwards compatible. Changes which break LocalSettings.php compatibility will be documented in the "configuration changes" section of the release notes.

Can my wiki stay online while it is upgrading?
Generally yes, however Git may temporarily (for a few seconds) break it.

If you are upgrading between minor releases of MediaWiki, all you need to do is update the source files.

Note: the following assumes you have command line access. If you are upgrading between major releases of MediaWiki, the preferred procedure is as follows:
 * 1) Unpack the new version of MediaWiki into a new directory
 * 2) Prepare that new directory: copy your current LocalSettings.php from the old directory, copy any installed extensions and custom skins (if any).
 * 3) In the release notes for the new version, see if any changes need to be made to LocalSettings.php.
 * 4) Place the database in read-only mode by inserting the following variable into LocalSettings.php in the old directory - users will see this message if they attempt an edit during the upgrade process:
 * 5) Run the update script or the web updater in the new directory.
 * 6) Copy the images from the images sub-directory from the old directory to the new directory.
 * 7) Swap the old directory and the new directory.

Warum aktualisieren?

 * ''Subscribe to mediawiki-announce to be notified of new releases.

Because it's usually easy enough, a single step from your version to latest and also via web.

Recent releases receive security fixes to keep your wiki and your host safe from vandals, while old releases don't (see ). That makes dozens good reasons to upgrade!

New major releases come with new features, which you might want to use: see the release notes for details. In case you need additional arguments to convince your bosses to let you upgrade from a pretty old version, here is a summary:


 * Since 1.5, edits can be previewed before saving also as diff.
 * Since 1.9, an undo button is available.
 * Since 1.12, patrolling on Special:NewPages is much easier.
 * Since 1.13, you can rename (move) files.
 * Since 1.14, you can fix double redirects automatically.
 * Since 1.16, is available.
 * If you have appropriate caching, since 1.17 optimizes pageload speeds a lot.
 * Since 1.17, category sorting makes sense! (especially for non-English letters); extended to 68 languages after 1.21.
 * Since 1.18 and 1.19, users of all languages and genders are correctly addressed by the interface and logs (before 1.15, no gender at all).
 * In 1.19 the skinning system was reworked making it easier to reuse parts of existing skins in your own skins.
 * Since 1.20, diffs are better readable.
 * In 1.21 and 1.23, email notifications become clearer and more predictable, making your wiki more effective.
 * Since 1.22, vandal fighting (patrolling) is less time-consuming.

See also the list of the most voted fixed issues on up to 2014.

Mit MediaWiki 1.18 wurde begonnen, einige unverzichtbare Erweiterungen, wie beispielsweise eine besserer Editor und die Anti-Vandalismus Werkzeuge wie ConfirmEdit und Nuke mit der Basisinstallation zu bündeln. Dadurch müssen diese Erweiterungen nicht mehr separat heruntergeladen und installiert werden. Weitere Erweiterungen folgten in späteren MediaWiki Versionen. <section end=FAQ />

Siehe auch

 * Greg Sabino Mullane's Blog post provides some more detail about point release upgrades.
 * Project:Support desk if you need help or something went wrong
 * (wenn du kein erfolgreiches Backup hast)
 * (wenn du kein erfolgreiches Backup hast)
 * (wenn du kein erfolgreiches Backup hast)
 * (wenn du kein erfolgreiches Backup hast)
 * (wenn du kein erfolgreiches Backup hast)