Requests for comment/AuthManager

The current authentication and authorization system is very limited and restricted in terms of the allowed customization, for both system administrators and extension developers.

Current problems
Our current authnz system consists of:


 * User::comparePassword, User::crypt, and custom authentication entry point code
 * $wgGroupPermissions, $wgRevokePermissions, and about five other global variables
 * The AuthPlugin interface and $wgAuth

This combination of completely hard-coded code paths has led to a number of restrictions and problems:
 * Only one external authentication service can be used at a time
 * Users in an external service must be identified by a username and password
 * System administrators who want to customize permissions must switch between multiple global variables, and even then some combinations of access policies are not possible

AuthStack
This RFC proposes the implementation of a new system for authentication and authorization that will allow system administrators to have better control over their wiki's access policies and extension developers to make cleaner implementations of authnz extensions for use in MediaWiki.

AuthProvider, AuthPolicy, and ExternalUser
The primary infrastructure for the system will be implemented using three classes: AuthProvider, AuthPolicy, and ExternalUser. These classes combined will provide three services to the MediaWiki core: 1) authenticate a user based on certain authentication data, 2) retrieve a list of user groups the user is in from that service, 3) determine what a specific provider supports and what policies MediaWiki should enforce for that service.

The separation of concerns is as follows:
 * AuthProvider - responsible for communication with the external authentication service and the retrieval and sending of data to/from the provider
 * AuthPolicy - responsible for telling MediaWiki what services the provider supports and whether strict authentication and/or authorization is allowed
 * ExternalUser (tentative name) - responsible for bridging the provider itself (from AuthProvider) and the MediaWiki core; will handle the actual authentication logic for the provider as well as interpreting and returning which groups the user is in

An AuthProvider is considered a central service, and will maintain the actual connection to the external service. Thus only one instance of a specific AuthProvider should be instantiated at a given time. Additionally, an AuthPolicy should be as static as possible (most AuthPolicy objects will have one-line functions that return a static boolean value) and should also be instantiated only once.

The (AuthProvider, AuthPolicy, ExternalUser) combination is considered unique, but any subset of the three is not. In other words, a single AuthProvider or a single AuthPolicy may be re-used between different layers of the stack. For example, if there are two LDAP-based authentication extensions, but one looks at one server and the other at a different server, they can share the same AuthPolicy (and possibly even the same AuthProvider).

Permissions
The Permissions class is a final class that handles the translation of groups into actual permissions. In this class, there is no concept of User, ExternalUser, AuthProvider, etc. There are only arrays. In other words, this class is *purely* for translating groups into permissions. The class will also be responsible for maintaining the list of valid permissions.

AuthStack
The top layer of the new authnz system is the AuthStack class, and is responsible for the following:


 * Maintaining a stack of (AuthProvider, AuthPolicy, ExternalUser) combinations
 * Querying the entire stack when performing authentication and authorization
 * Handling autopromotion (rather than the Autopromote class)

The AuthStack object shall provide an external interface for the MediaWiki core to interact with the authentication and authorization stack without worrying about the internal implementations of various providers.

Interface
Below is an example interface of how users will interact with the new system.

For system administrators
System administrators will interact primarily with the Permissions class, which handles the translation of groups into permissions.

For extension developers
Extension developers will add their own providers onto the AuthStack.

Note that when registering, AuthStack takes the provider and policy as an object, since they are shared across the entire service, but takes the ExternalUser as a class name instead, since a new ExternalUser will be instantiated for each user being authenticated.

For core developers
Core developers will need to use the AuthStack to perform authentication and authorization before performing actions.

Deprecated interfaces
The following interfaces will be deprecated by the AuthStack system:


 * $wgGroupPermission, $wgRevokePermissions, $wgEmailConfirmToEdit, $wgImplicitGroups
 * $wgGroupsAddToSelf, $wgGroupsRemoveFromSelf, $wgAddGroups, $wgRemoveGroups
 * The Autopromote class, $wgAutopromote, $wgAutopromoteOnce
 * User::checkPassword, User::comparePasswords, User::getGroupPermissions, User::getGroupsWithPermission, User::groupHasPermission, User::getGroupName, User::getGroupMember, User::getAllGroups, User::getAllRights, User::getImplicitGroups, User::getGroupPage, User::changeableByGroup, User::changeableGroups, User::getRightDescription
 * The AuthPlugin system

In addition, the Block, SpecialBlock, Special:BlockList, and Special:Blockme classes will all be adjusted to account for the fact that now permission can be granted to block *any* permission, rather than just editing.