Manual:Administrators/zh

管理员是属于“sysop”用户组的wiki用户. Wiki软件的极少数功能只限于这些用户访问，但是却十分重要.



页面保护
管理员可以编辑受保护页面，并且有页面的编辑和移动操作具有保护和取消保护的能力.

编辑保护的类型有：


 * 半保护：保护页面以防止未注册用户编辑.
 * 全保护：保护页面防止除管理员用户以外的用户编辑.
 * 连锁保护（&rarr; 参见演示）：
 * 与全保护结合：保护页面防止管理员以外用户编辑，并且保护嵌入页面中的图片，该图片应当是与页面在同一站点（而不是在维基共用媒体）的图片，并且对嵌入包含的页面提供相同的保护，直到页面不被嵌入为止（相当于层层递归）. Files on Commons or user pages on Meta cannot be protected by another wiki's cascading protection, and if are to be protected, a temporary copy of the file or user page must be uploaded or created on the wiki with the cascade-protected page, or must be fully-protected at Commons or Meta.
 * 在MediaWiki 1.23之前，级联保护并不对文件重定向的目标文件提供保护，即使重定向页面被列入保护页面（T25542）.
 * 连锁保护和半保护的组合是没有意义的，应该避免（见T10796）；只要页面仍然被引用，就应当对被引用的页面运用完全保护（再次递归）.
 * 防止移动防止页面被页面被管理员之外的用户移动.


 * 操作过程:
 * 要保护一個頁面，在「更多」下拉式選單中選擇“保护”選項（或在URL 中添加 ）. 在monobook皮肤界面，常用快捷键alt+=. 此操作将转到具有两个菜单和一个复选框的确认界面上.  管理员可以通过菜单选择防止「未註冊用戶」或「所有用戶」編輯頁面.  与之相似的，页面的移动也可以选择半保护（尽管这这项操作看上去是标准操作）还是全保护（系统会自动添加相同的移动和编辑的保护级别，但保护级别可以通过点选“解锁移动权限”复选框而改变）.  级联保护可以通过单独的复选框设置.  在编辑框中输入页面保护的原因并按“确认”按钮.  这项操作将被记录.
 * 要取消保护页面，点击解除保护标签. 该操作将页面从上述保护解脱出来，这时两个菜单将处于可选状态.  解除保护只需选择"编辑"菜单下面的"（默认）"，并点击确认键.  当然要说出解除保护的原因.  同样此操作也将被记录.


 * 注释:
 * MediaWiki名字空间：MediaWiki名字空间中的頁面僅可被擁有 使用者權限的使用者編輯（預設上，管理員和介面管理員有此權限）. 自從MediaWiki 1.32起，MediaWiki命名空間中的JavaScript和CSS頁面僅可由同時擁有 和（分別為） 或 使用者權限的使用者編輯（預設上，介面管理員有此權限）.  這些限制與這些頁面的保護層級無關；這些頁面仍可能會單獨受到保護.
 * 编辑或查看源代码：根据用户和页面的状态，显示编辑或查看维基文本的链接. 在完全受保护的页面点击“编辑”，页面顶端将显示管理员给出的页面状态警告信息.  并且，当用户被封禁时，“查看源代码”标签将可能取代编辑标签.
 * 图像: 保护图像与保护页面大致相同（见上文）. 当在图像描述页面上点击“保护”时，页面和图像都会受到保护.  图像描述页面也将受到保护，并且非管理员将无法将图像回退到为早期版本，或者上传新版本.
 * 對於重要頁面的連鎖保護是一種簡單的措施，主要用於緊急情況. 如果一个模板需要被保护仅仅是因为它在一个重要页面中被使用，而它又在别处被用到，那么一个更好的做法是对于那个重要页面单独建立一个模板的拷贝，并在别的地方使用原来的那个拷贝.  当採用这种做法时，我們使用自動連鎖保護還是「手動連鎖保護」並沒有什麼區別，即以普通的方式保護模板的特殊副本.  最初，连锁保护的主要应用是防止创建页面，这通过在某个特殊的页面中嵌入这些不存在的页面实现，就像Meta:Protected against recreation一样.  保护一个不存在的页面是不能直接做到的（会报错 “”）. 但是在Mediawiki 1.13版本中这是可能的.  另外，这里有一个已知的问题，可导致在用户有编辑级联保护的页面的权限时仍然显示“查看源代码”.
 * Abuse filters: Additionally, if the AbuseFilter extension has been enabled, access to or viewing certain parts of the interface as well as modification of the interface is restricted to administrators.


 * 配置:
 * which actions can be restricted via the protection interface is determined by the setting.
 * which permissions can be required via the protection interface is determined by the setting.

删除

 * 参见：

Administrators can delete pages and their history, and can view and restore deleted pages and their history. They can also delete images, which can be undeleted as normal.


 * 程序:
 * 若要删除页面，请单击要删除的页面上的删除链接. （您也可以在URL地址栏中添加?action=delete）. 如果管理员使用的是Monobook皮肤界面，则可以替代使用快捷键alt+d. 这将弹出一个新页面，要求您确认该页面应被删除，并说明删除原因.  A message should be typed into the input box to explain the deletion to other users. After the page has been deleted, it might have an existing talk page which should be deleted as well. Since MediaWiki 1.39, there is a "Delete associated talk page" checkbox that allows you to delete the talk page at the same time as the subject page. Any links that point to the deleted page should be removed or corrected—whichever is the most appropriate action.
 * Pages can be undeleted for as long as they are in the archive. If a page has not been recreated since it was deleted, there will be a message on the page indicating how many deleted revisions there are. Clicking on this (or the undelete tab) will bring up a page displaying all the deleted revisions which can each be looked at separately. To undelete a page, click the restore button which appears on the confirmation page; this will restore all deleted revisions by default. Since MediaWiki 1.39, you can also undelete all revisions of the associated talk page at the same time. Undeletion occurs as soon as the button is clicked, and will be logged just like deletions; if some revisions are not restored, the log will record how many were restored. If a page already exists but an administrator wants to restore previous revisions, the administrator must go to the page history. There will be a link to undelete as described above.


 * 备注:
 * 删除修订
 * 删除条目修订
 * Delete article revisions for the first time: To delete/keep just one or more revisions from the history, delete the article normally, then begin the undeletion procedure. Before clicking the "Restore" button, check the revisions you want to restore—all others will remain deleted.
 * Delete article revisions not for the first time: if the article already contains previously deleted revisions, be sure to follow Selective deletion on Wikipedia.
 * Delete image revisions: To delete one version of an image, click the (del) link beside that version under the "File history" heading. The most recent version cannot be deleted without deleting all previous versions.
 * Merge edit histories: the edit histories of two articles may be merged into one. To merge histories, delete the page where all the histories are supposed to be restored. Move the other page to the page just deleted, and then restore all the deleted revisions. This cannot be manually undone, and it is very difficult to split edit histories.
 * Split an edit history: To split an edit history, manually delete all revisions, then restore those belonging to one article (which may be difficult to recognize). Move the undeleted page to a new title to split off those revisions. Restore the revisions belonging to the deleted page (now a redirect), then revert to the penultimate revision (before the redirect).

回退
Any user can revert a page by going back through the page's history. Administrators have a rollback button to expedite the process. To revert the edits of one user to the last version by the previous editor, click rollback on the page history, the user contribution list, or on the diff page. This can be used to revert edits from multiple vandalism attempts. The reversion will be marked as a minor edit and given an automatic edit summary based on the contents of Revertpage.

Sysops (and other users with right "MediaWiki:Right-markbotedits") can hide edits (typically, vandalism) from the Recent Changes page. To do this, add  to the end of the url used to access a user's contributions. 例如，. When the rollback links on the contributions list are clicked, both the revert and the original edit that you are reverting will be hidden from the default Recentchanges display. This mechanism uses the marker originally added to keep massive bot edits from flooding recentchanges, hence the "bot". These changes will be hidden from recent changes unless you click the "bots" link to set. The edits are not hidden from contribs, history, watchlist, etc. The edits remain in the database and are not removed, but they no longer flood Recentchanges. The aim of this feature is to reduce the annoyance factor of a flood vandal with relatively little effort.



封禁和解封

 * 参见. 



授予管理员权限
There is a simple interface (Special:Userrights) for granting a specific username 'sysop' status or (in MediaWiki 1.11) granting and revoking membership to groups with all associated user rights – a user with 'Bureaucrat' status has the rights to do to this. The initial user created by the installer should have 'Bureaucrat' rights.

Older versions of MediaWiki before 1.11 required you to manipulate the database records within MySQL in order to grant users certain rights.



登录后的特权
Users with ordinary access, including visitors who haven't "signed in", can still do many things, including the most important: editing pages and helping with maintenance tasks. But only signed-up users can upload files or rename pages. Among other things, one should also register to hide one's own IP behind the usernames.



參見

 * MediaWiki管理员手册
 * 维基媒体项目的管理员
 * - A MediaWiki script that creates a new user and auto-promotes them to sysop status. (To create the first admin after mediawiki installation)
 * - A MediaWiki script that creates a new user and auto-promotes them to sysop status. (To create the first admin after mediawiki installation)