Extension:SyntaxHighlight

The SyntaxHighlight extension, formerly known as SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi, provides rich formatting of source code using the  tag. It is powered by the [http://pygments.org Pygments] library and supports hundreds of different programming languages and file formats.

Like the  and   tags, the text is rendered exactly as it was typed, preserving any white space.

Usage
Once installed, you can use "syntaxhighlight" tags on wiki pages. For example,

is the result of the following wikitext markup:

In older versions (before MediaWiki 1.16), the extension used the tag . This is still supported, but is deprecated.  should be used instead.

Styling
If the displayed code is too big, you can adjust it by putting the following into the  MediaWiki:Common.css  page in your wiki (create it if it does not exist):

Encasing code blocks in borders can be done by inserting a line like   in the section above. Control over font family used can also be exercised by inserting a line like <tvar|css> </> into the section above.

Syntax highlighting error category
The extension adds pages that have a bad <tvar|lang> </> attribute in a <tvar|syntaxhighlight></> tag to a link>Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tracking categories</>|tracking category. The message key <tvar|msg>MediaWiki:syntaxhighlight-error-category</> determines the category name; on this wiki it is <tvar|category>Category:</>.

The most common error that leads to pages being tagged with this category is a <tvar|syntaxhighlight></> tag with no <tvar|lang> </> attribute at all, because older versions of this extension supported the definition of "$wgSyntaxHighlightDefaultLang". These can typically either be replaced with <tvar|pre></>, or <tvar|bash> </> or <tvar|text> </> can be added to the tag.

The category may also be added, and the content will not be highlighted, if there are more than 1000 lines or more than 100 kB text.<tvar|1> </>

lang
The <tvar|lang> </> attribute defines what lexer should be used. The language affects how the extension highlights the source code. See the section section>#Supported_languages</>|Supported languages for details of supported languages.

Specifying an invalid or unknown name will tag the page with a tracking category. See the section section>#Syntax highlighting error category</>|Syntax highlighting error category in this page for details.

line
The <tvar|line> </> attribute enables line numbers.

start
The <tvar|start> </> attribute (in combination with <tvar|line> </>) defines the first line number of the code block. For example, <tvar|start> </> will make line numbering start at 55.

highlight
The <tvar|highlight> </> attribute specifies one or more lines that should be marked (by highlighting those lines with a different background color). You can specify multiple line numbers separated by commas (for example, <tvar|highlight> </>) or ranges using two line numbers and a hyphen (for example, <tvar|highlight2> </>). Note that the line number specification ignores any renumbering of the displayed line numbers with the <tvar|start> </> attribute.

is the result of

inline
The attribute indicates that the source code should be inline as part of a paragraph (as opposed to being its own block). This option is available starting with MediaWiki 1.26. For backwards-compatibility, an <tvar|enclose> </> attribute results in the same behavior.

Note that using the "enclose" parameter is deprecated; if set to "none", it should be replaced with inline; otherwise, it can be removed entirely.

Note that line breaks can occur at any space between the opening and closing tags unless the source code is marked non-breakable with <tvar|class> </> (on those wikis that support it; see below) or <tvar|style> </>.

For example:

The following <tvar|code> </> is a lambda expression in Python.

Is the result of:

The following <tvar|code> </> is a lambda expression in Python.

class
When <tvar|inline> </> is used, <tvar|nowrap> </> (on those wikis that support it; not on MediaWiki itself) specifies that line breaks should not occur at spaces within the code block.

For example:

Without <tvar|nowrap> </>:

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx With : xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

style
The <tvar|style> </> attribute allows CSS attributes to be included directly. This is equivalent to enclosing the block in a <tvar|div></> (not <tvar|span></>) tag. The <tvar|size> </> attribute cannot be specified this way; it requires an enclosing <tvar|span></> tag as described below under anchor>#Advanced</>|Advanced.

For example:

Is the result of:

Supported languages
The Pygments library provides support for hundreds of computer languages and file formats. As of January 2020 the [<tvar|url>http://pygments.org/languages/</> full list] is:

Programming languages
ActionScript

Ada

Agda (incl. literate)

Alloy

AMPL

ANTLR

APL

AppleScript

Assembly (various)

Asymptote

Augeas

AutoIt

Awk

BBC Basic

Befunge

BlitzBasic

Boa

Boo

Boogie

BrainFuck

C, C++ (incl. dialects like Arduino)

C#

Chapel

Charm++ CI

Cirru

Clay

Clean

Clojure

CoffeeScript

ColdFusion

Common Lisp

Component Pascal

Coq

Croc (MiniD)

Cryptol (incl. Literate Cryptol)

Crystal

Cypher

Cython

D

Dart

DCPU-16

Delphi

Dylan (incl. console)

Eiffel

Elm

Emacs Lisp

Email

Erlang (incl. shell sessions)

Ezhil

Factor

Fancy

Fantom

Fennel

FloScript

Fortran

FreeFEM++

F#

GAP

Gherkin (Cucumber)

GLSL shaders

Golo

Gosu

Groovy

Haskell (incl. Literate Haskell)

HLSL

HSpec

Hy

IDL

Idris (incl. Literate Idris)

Igor Pro

Io

Jags

Java

JavaScript

Jasmin

Jcl

Julia

Kotlin

Lasso (incl. templating)

Limbo

LiveScript

Logtalk

Logos

Lua

Mathematica

Matlab

Modelica

Modula-2

Monkey

Monte

MoonScript

Mosel

MuPad

NASM

Nemerle

NesC

NewLISP

Nimrod

Nit

Notmuch

NuSMV

Objective-C

Objective-J

Octave

OCaml

Opa

OpenCOBOL

ParaSail

Pawn

PHP

Perl 5

Pike

Pony

PovRay

PostScript

PowerShell

Praat

Prolog

Python (incl. console sessions and tracebacks)

QBasic

Racket

Raku a.k.a. Perl 6

REBOL

Red

Redcode

Rexx

Ride

Ruby (incl. irb sessions)

Rust

S, S-Plus, R

Scala

Scdoc

Scheme

Scilab

SGF

Shell scripts (Bash, Tcsh, Fish)

Shen

Silver

Slash

Slurm

Smalltalk

SNOBOL

Snowball

Solidity

SourcePawn

Stan

Standard ML

Stata

Swift

Swig

SuperCollider

Tcl

Tera Term language

TypeScript

TypoScript

USD

Unicon

Urbiscript

Vala

VBScript

Verilog, SystemVerilog

VHDL

Visual Basic.NET

Visual FoxPro

Whiley

Xtend

XQuery

Zeek

Zephir

Zig

Template languages
Angular templates

Cheetah templates

ColdFusion

Django / Jinja templates

ERB (Ruby templating)

Evoque

Genshi (the Trac template language)

Handlebars

JSP (Java Server Pages)

Liquid

Myghty (the HTML::Mason based framework)

Mako (the Myghty successor)

Slim

Smarty templates (PHP templating)

Tea

Twig

Other markup
Apache config files

Apache Pig

BBCode

CapDL

Cap'n Proto

CMake

Csound scores

CSS

Debian control files

Diff files

Dockerfiles

DTD

EBNF

E-mail headers

Extempore

Flatline

Gettext catalogs

Gnuplot script

Groff markup

Hexdumps

HTML

HTTP sessions

IDL

Inform

INI-style config files

IRC logs (irssi style)

Isabelle

JSGF notation

JSON, JSON-LD

Lean theorem prover

Lighttpd config files

Linux kernel log (dmesg)

LLVM assembly

LSL scripts

Makefiles

MoinMoin/Trac Wiki markup

MQL

MySQL

NCAR command language

Nginx config files

Nix language

NSIS scripts

Notmuch

POV-Ray scenes

Puppet

QML

Ragel

Redcode

ReST

Roboconf

Robot Framework

RPM spec files

Rql

RSL

Scdoc

SPARQL

SQL, also MySQL, SQLite

Squid configuration

TADS 3

Terraform

TeX

Thrift

TOML

Treetop grammars

USD (Universal Scene Description)

Varnish configs

VGL

Vim Script

WDiff

Windows batch files

XML

XSLT

YAML

Windows Registry files

For accurate language codes, see [<tvar|url>http://pygments.org/docs/lexers/</> complete details in the Pygments document] and there are some mappings for some language names which were supported by GeSHi ([<tvar|url2>https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki-extensions-SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi/blob/master/includes/SyntaxHighlightGeSHiCompat.php</> full list]).

Below is a partial list of languages that GeSHi could highlight, with strike-through for languages no longer supported after the switch to Pygments.

Configuration

 * Linux:


 * <tvar|setting> </> (optional): Absolute path to pygmentize of the Pygments package. The extension bundles the Pygments package and <tvar|setting> </> points to the bundled version by default, but you can point to a different version, if you want to.  For example: <tvar|setting> </>.
 * <tvar|setting> </>: Configure the default lexer for some wiki pages. By default this will highlight javascript and css pages.  Additional content models can be configured by extensions (e.g. Lua, JSON, ..).  Example:


 * Windows:


 * If you are hosting your MediaWiki on a Windows machine, you have to set the path for the Pygmentize.exe <tvar|setting> </>
 * If there is no <tvar|pygmentize> </> run <tvar|install> </> from command line inside the <tvar|scripts> </> folder to generate the file.

If you are using the bundled pygmentize binary (<tvar|location>extensions/SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi/pygments/pygmentize</>), make sure your webserver is permitted to execute it. If your host does not allow you to add executables to your web directory, install python-pygments and add <tvar|setting> </> to LocalSettings.php.


 * Troubleshooting :

After updating to MediaWiki v1.26 and above, some users started reporting problems with the extension. There could be cases, when some languages, such as Lua might not get highlighted and by turning on debug>Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How to debug</>|debugging, MediaWiki would throw out the error, <tvar|error> </>.


 * Try pointing <tvar|setting> </> in LocalSettings.php towards an external pygmentize binary.
 * In shared hosting environments with cPanel, this can be done by setting up a new Python application through the "Setup Python App" menu, and activating the virtual environment for the app through SSH . After this, the Pygments module can be added to the Python app, for which navigate to the virtual environment path, download and install Pygments and then activate the module by adding "Pygments" under the "Existing applications" section of the "Setup Python App" menu. This will create the required file at path:


 * See the [<tvar|url>https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T128993</> phabricator task] on this for further suggestions and information.

VisualEditor integration
The plugin enables direct editing with link>Special:MyLanguage/Extension:VisualEditor</>|VisualEditor. A popup is opened when a user wants to edit <tvar|syntaxhighlight> </> sections. For this to work, VisualEditor must be installed and configured from the latest git version, same for Parsoid. The feature randomly does not work with older Parsoid versions. See veinstructions>Extension:SyntaxHighlight/VisualEditor</> for details

Advanced
Unlike the <tvar|pre></> and <tvar|code></> tags, HTML character entities such as  need not (and should not) have the <tvar|and> </> character escaped as. Like the <tvar|pre></> tag but unlike the <tvar|code></> tag, tags within the range (other than its own closing tag) need not have the <tvar|less> </> symbol escaped as <tvar|less2> </>, nor does wikitext need to be escaped with a <tvar|nowiki> </> tag.

Furthermore, while <tvar|pre></> assumes tab stops every 8 characters and renders tabs using actual spaces when the rendered text is copied, <tvar|syntaxhighlight></> uses 4-space tab stops (except Internet Explorer, which uses 8) and preserves the tab characters in the rendered text; the latter may be changed using an enclosing <tvar|span> </> tag (not <tvar|div></>, and not using its own <tvar|style> </> attribute). The <tvar|moz> </> prefix is required for Firefox (from version 4.0), and the <tvar|prefix-o> </> prefix is required for Opera (from version 10.60 to version 15). ( Note that the wiki editing box assumes 8-space tabs. ) This applies only to actual saved pages; previews generated through an edit box or <tvar|special>Special:ExpandTemplates</> may differ.