Help:CirrusSearch/uk

CirrusSearch — розширення MediaWiki, що використовує Elasticsearch для надання покращених функцій пошуку порівняно з пошуком MediaWiki за замовчуванням. Фонд Вікімедіа використовує CirrusSearch у всіх проектах Вікімедіа. На цій сторінці описані властивості CirrusSearch. Якщо ви не знайшли відповіді на ваше запитання, не вагайтеся запитувати на сторінці обговорення, і хтось вам відповість.

For information on the MediaWiki extension see Extension:CirrusSearch.

Що покращилося?
CirrusSearch відрізняється трьома основними покращеннями порівняно з пошуком MediaWiki за замовчуванням, а саме:
 * Краща підтримка пошуку різними мовами.
 * Швидше оновлення пошукового індексу, що означає, що зміни у статтях відображаються у пошукових результатах набагато швидше.
 * Розкриття шаблонів, що означає, що увесь вміст статті, включно з наповненням шаблонів, тепер відображатиметься в результатах пошуку.

Як часно оновлюється індекс пошуку?
Оновлення пошукового індексу відбуваються в реальному часі. Зміни на сторінках мають з'являтися у результатах пошуку автоматично. Зміни шаблонів мають відображатися в статтях, які включають шаблони, протягом кількох хвилин. Зміни до шаблонів залежать від черговості завдань, тому їх реальне проявлення може відбуватись по-різному. Щоб проштовхнути зміни у статті, можна зробити нульове редагування, але при нормальній роботі двигуна це не знадобиться.

Варіанти пошуку
Варіанти фрази чи слова, що з'являються у спадному меню після початку пошукового набору, чітко відповідають назвам статей, ранжованих за кількістю зовнішніх посилань на них. This takes into account the number of incoming wikilinks, the size of the page, the number of external links, the number of headings, and the number of redirects. Підказки пошуку можна оминути і запит перекине одразу на сторінку результатів пошуку. Додайте тильду  перед пошуковою фразою, наприклад, «~Фріда Кало». Підказки пошуку все одно показуватимуться, але натискання на клавішу «Enter» у будь-який час одразу виведе вам результати пошуку. Символи ASCII, наголоси і діакритичні знаки увімкнуті в англійському тексті, але виникають певні проблеми з форматуванням результатів. Див. .

Повнотекстовий пошук
«Повнотекстовий пошук» — це «індексований пошук». Усі сторінки зберігаються у базі даних вікі і всі слова з них зберігаються у базі даних пошуку, яка є індексом для повноного тексту вікі. Кожне видиме слово індексується у список сторінок, де його можна знайти, тож пошук слова є швидким прогляданням єдиного запису. Більше того, будь-які зміни у словах вносяться в індекс пошуку впродовж секунд. Є багато індексів «повного тексту» вікі, що забезпечують різні потрібні типи пошуку. Повний вікітекст індексується багато разів у багато спеціалізованих індексів, кожен з яких аналізує вікітекст тим чином, який оптимізує їхнє використання. Приклади індексів: Реалізована підтримка для десятків мов, але бажана підтримка всіх мов. Список підтримуваних мов: elasticsearch.org; щоби відправити запит або правку, див. документацію щодо вкладу в проект. CirrusSearch оптимізує ваш запит і запустить його. Заголовки результатів зважуються за відповідністю і проходять ґрунтовну пост-обробку, 20 за раз, для виведення на сторінку результатів пошуку. Наприклад, зі статті вибирається фрагмент, і пошукова фраза підсвічується жирним текстом.
 * «Допоміжний» текст, куди входять примітки, підписи, зміст та будь-який вікітекст, що має клас згідно з атрибутом HTML class=searchaux.
 * «Преамбула» — вікітекст між верхом сторінки і першим заголовком.
 * Текст «категорій» індексує списки унизу.
 * Шаблони індексуються. Якщо включені слова в шаблоні змінюються, то оновлюються всі сторінки, які його включають. (Це може зайняти чимало часо, залежно від завантаженості черги). Якщо змінюються підшаблони, використані в шаблоні, індекс оновлюється.
 * Зміст документу, що зберігається у просторі назв File/Media, тепер індексується. Розпізнаються тисячі форматів.

Search results will often be accompanied by various preliminary reports. These include Did you mean (spelling correction), and, when no results would otherwise be found it will say Showing results for (query correction) and search instead for (your query).

Search features also include:
 * sorting navigation suggestions by the number of incoming links.
 * Starting with the tilde character  to disable navigation and suggestions in such a way that also preserves page ranking.
 * Smart-matching characters by normalizing (or "folding") non-keyboard characters into keyboard characters.* Words and phrases that match are highlighted in bold on the search results page. The highlighter is a cosmetic analyzer, while the search-indexing analyzer actually finds the page, and these may not be 100% in sync, especially for regex. The highlighter can match more or less accurately than the indexer.

Words, phrases, and modifiers
The basic search term is a word or a "phrase in quotes". Search recognizes a "word" to be: A "stop word" is a word that is ignored (because it is common, or for other reasons). A given search term matches against content (rendered on the page). To match against wikitext instead, use the insource search parameter (See section below). Each search parameter has its own index, and interpret its given term in its own way.
 * a string of digits
 * a string of letters
 * subwords between letters/digit transitions, such as in txt2regex
 * subwords inside a compoundName using camelCase

Spacing between words, phrases, parameters, and input to parameters, can include generous instances of whitespace and greyspace characters. "Greyspace characters" are all the non-alphanumeric characters ~!@#$%^&*_+-={}|[]\:";'<>?,./ . A mixed string of greyspace characters and whitespace characters, is "greyspace", and is treated as one big word boundary. Greyspace is how indexes are made and queries are interpreted.

Two exceptions are where 1) an embedded:colon is one word (it being treated as a letter), and 2) an embedded comma, such as in 1,2,3, is treated as a number. Greyspace characters are otherwise ignored unless, due to query syntax, they can be interpreted as modifier characters.

The modifiers are ~ * \? - " ! . Depending on their placement in the syntax they can apply to a term, a parameter, or to an entire query. Word and phrase modifiers are the wildcard, proximity, and fuzzy searches. Each parameter can have their own modifiers, but in general:
 * A fuzzy-word or fuzzy-phrase search can suffix a tilde  character (and a number telling the degree).
 * A tilde  character prefixed to the first term of a query guarantees search results instead of any possible navigation.
 * A wildcard character inside a word can be a (escaped) question \? mark for one character or an asterisk * character for more.
 * Truth-logic can interpret AND and OR, but parameters cannot.
 * Truth-logic understands - or ! prefixed to a term to invert the usual meaning of the term from "match" to "exclude".
 * Quotes around words mark an "exact phrase" search. For parameters they are also needed to delimit multi-word input.
 * Stemming is automatic but can be turned off using an "exact phrase".

A phrase search can be initiated by various hints to the search engine. Each method of hinting has a side-effect of how tolerant the matching of the word sequence will be. For greyspace, camelCase, or txt2number hints: A "search instead" report is triggered when a universally unknown word is ignored in a phrase.
 * given words-joined_by_greyspace(characters) or wordsJoinedByCamelCaseCharacters it finds words joined by ... characters, in their bare forms or greyspace forms.
 * txt2number will match  or.
 * Stop words are enabled for the edge cases (in the periphery) of a grey_space or camelCase phrase. An example using the, of , and a is that the_invisible_hand_of_a matches.

Each one of the following types of phrase-matching contains and widens the match-tolerances of the previous one: A word search will "additionally" find the words anywhere on the page.
 * An "exact phrase" "in quotes" will tolerate (match with) greyspace. Given "exact_phrase" or "exact phrase" it matches.
 * A greyspace_phrase initiates stemming and stop word checks.
 * Given CamelCase it will additionally match, in all lowercase. CirrusSearch is case insensitive.

Some parameters interpret greyspace phrases, but other parameters, like insource only interpret the usual "phrase in quotes".

Note that all stemming is case insensitive.

Note how the "exact phrase" search interpreted the embedded:colon character as a letter, but not the embedded_underscore character. A similar event occurs with the comma, character inside a number.

Given, CirrusSearch, when in an "exact phrase" context, (which includes the insource parameter context), will not match  ,  , or  , but will then only match.

Otherwise, remember that for CirrusSearch words are letters, numbers, or a combination of the two, and case does not matter.

The common word search employs the space character and is aggressive with stemming, and when the same words are joined by greyspace characters or camelCase they are aggressive with phrases and subwords.

When common words like "of" or "the" are included in a greyspace-phrase, they are ignored, so as to match more aggressively.

A greyspace_phrase search term, or a camelCase, or a txt2number term, match the signified words interchangeably. You can use any of those three forms. Now camelcase matches camelCase because Search is not case sensitive, but camelCase matches camelcase because camelCase is more aggressive. Like the rest of Search, subword "words" are not case-sensitive. By comparison the "exact phrase" is greyspace oriented and ignores numeric or letter-case transitions, and stemming. "Quoted phrases" are not case sensitive.

From the table we can surmise that the basic search parser_function -"parser function" is the sum of the basic searches  and.

Making inquiries with numbers, we would find that: The star * wildcard matches a string of letters and digits within a rendered word, but never the beginning character. One or more characters, a percentage of the word, must precede the * character. The \? wildcard represents one letter or number; The *\? is also accepted, but \?* is not recognized.
 * Plan9 or Plan_9 matches any of:,  ,  ,  ,
 * "plan9" only matches  (case insensitive)
 * Plan*9 matches  or.
 * If the leading part is only letters then it will limit a match to a string of (zero of more) letters.
 * If only numbers, then it will limit a match to a sequence of (zero or more) numbers, including also ordinal letters (st, nd, rd), capital letters, or time abbreviations (am or pm); and it will match the entirety of (both sides of) a decimal numbers.
 * Otherwise the comma is considered part of one number, but the decimal point is considered a greyspace character, and will delimit two numbers.
 * Inside an "exact phrase" it matches stemming plus compounding.

The wildcards are for basic word, phrase, and insource searches, and may also be an alternative to (some) advanced regex searches (covered later).

Putting a tilde ~ character after a word or phrase activates a fuzzy search.
 * For a phrase it is termed a proximity search, because proximal words are tolerated to an approximate rather than exact phrase.
 * For example, "exact one two phrase"~2 matches.
 * For a word it means extra characters or changed characters.
 * For a phrase a fuzzy search requires a whole number telling it how many extra words to fit in, but for a word a fuzzy search can have a decimal fraction, defaulting to word~0.5 ( word~.5 ), where at most two letters can be found swapped, changed, or added, but never the first two letters.
 * For a proximity phrase, a large number can be used, but that is an "expensive" (slow) search.
 * For a word word~.1 is most fuzzy, and word~.9 is least fuzzy, and word~1 is not fuzzy at all.

For the closeness value necessary to match in reverse (right to left) order, count and discard all the extra words, then add twice the total count of remaining words minus one. (In other words, add twice the number of segments). For the full proximity algorithm, see Elasticsearch slop. An explicit AND is required between two phrases because otherwise the two "inner" "quotation marks" are confused. Лапки вимикають морфологічний пошук, тильда "but appending"~ його повертає.

Insource
Insource searches can be used to find any one word rendered on a page, but it's made for finding any phrase you might find - including MediaWiki markup. This phrase completely ignores greyspace: insource: "state state autocollapse" matches. Insource complements itself. On the one hand it has full text search for any word in the wikitext, instantly. On the other hand it can process a regexp search for any string of characters. Regex scan all the textual characters in a given list of pages; they don't have a word index to speed things up, and the process is interrupted if it must run more than twenty seconds. Regex run last, so to limit needless character-level scanning, you advance it a list of pages (a search domain) selected by an indexed search added to the query as a "clause", and you do this to every single regex query. . Insource can play both roles, and the best candidate for insource:/arg/ is often insource: arg, where arg is the same.

The syntax for the regexp is insource: no space, and then /regexp/. (No other parameter disallows a space. All the parameters except insource:/regexp/ generously accept space after their colon.)

Insource indexed-search and regexp-search roles are similar in many respects: But indexed searches all ignore greyspace; wildcards searches do not match greyspace, so regex are the only way to find an exact string of any characters, for example a sequence of two spaces. Regex are an entirely different class of search tool that make matching a literal string in a regexp exact string search, a basic, easy search. Advanced regex are an entirely different endeavor than matching a literal string. See below.
 * Both search wikitext only.
 * Neither finds things "sourced" by a transclusion.
 * Neither does stemmed, fuzzy, or proximity searches.
 * Both want the fewest results, and both work faster when accompanied by another clause.

Prefix and namespace
For Search, a namespace term functions to specify the initial search domain. Instead of searching the entire wiki, the default is the main namespace (mainspace).

Only one namespace name can be set from the search box query. It is either the first term or in the last term, in a prefix parameter.

Two or more namespaces may be searched from the Advanced pane of the search bar found on the top of every search results page, Special:Search. Your search domain, as a profile of namespaces, can be set here (without going to the user preferences page). The namespaces list will then present itself on the first page of future search results to indicate the search domain of the search results. To unset this, select the default namespace (shown in parentheses), select "Remember", and press Search.

The search bar graphically sets and indicates a search domain. "Content pages" (mainspace), "Multimedia" (File), "Everything" (all plus File), "Translations", etc., are hyperlinks that can activate the query in that domain, and then indicate this by going inactive (dark). But the query will override the search bar. When a namespace or prefix is used in the query the search bar activations and indications may be misleading, so the search bar and the search box are mutually exclusive (not complementary) ways to set the search domain.

A namespace term overrides the search bar, and a prefix term overrides a namespace.

Введіть ім'я простору імен або введіть, або введіть двокрапку    для основного простору. All does not include the File namespace. File includes media content held at Commons such as PDF, which are all indexed and searchable. When File is involved, a namespace modifier  has an effect, otherwise it is ignored. Namespace aliases are accepted. As with search parameters, local and all must be lowercase. Namespaces names are case insensitive.

The prefix: parameter matches any number of first-characters of all pagenames in one namespace. When the first letters match a namespace name and colon, the search domain changes. Given a namespace only, prefix will match all its pagenames. Given one character only, it cannot be - dash or ' quote or " double quote. The last character cannot be a colon. For pagenames that match, their subpage titles match by definition. The prefix parameter does not allow a space before a namespace, but allows whitespace before a pagename.

The prefix parameter goes at the end so that pagename characters may contain " quotation marks.

The Translate extension creates a sort of "language namespace", of translated versions of a page. But unlike namespace or prefix, which create the initial search domain, the inlanguage parameter is a filter of it. (See the next section.)

Filters
A filter can have multiple instances, and negated instances, and it can run as a standalone filtering a search domain. A query is formed as terms that filter a search domain. A namespace or a prefix term is not a filter because a namespace will not run standalone, and a prefix will not negate.

Adding another word, phrase, or parameter filters more. A highly refined search result may have very many Y/N filters when every page in the results will be addressed. (In this case ranking is largely irrelevant.) Filtering applies critically to adding a regex term; you want as few pages as possible before adding a regex (because it can never have a prepared index for its search).

The search parameters below are filters. Insource (covered above) is also a filter, but insource:/regexp/ is not a filter. Filters and all other search parameters are lowercase. (Namespaces are an exception, being case insensitive.)

Intitle and incategory
Word and phrase searches match in a title and match in the category box on bottom of the page. But with these parameters you can select titles only or category only.

Intitle and incategory are old search parameters. Incategory no longer searches any subcategory automatically, but you can now add multiple category pagenames manually. To get the search parameter [//wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nova_Resource:Catgraph/Deepcat deepcat], to automatically add up to 70 subcategories onto an incategory parameter, incategory:category1|category2|...|category70 , you can add a line to your user-customized javascript.
 * cow*
 * Find articles whose title or text contains words that start with cow
 * intitle:foo
 * Знаходить сторінки, в заголовку яких є "foo" (з врахуванням похідних).
 * intitle:"fine line"
 * Знаходить сторінки, в заголовку яких є fine line (похідні заборонені).
 * intitle:foo bar
 * Знаходить сторінки, в заголовку яких є "foo" і в заголовку або в тексті є "bar".
 * -intitle:foo bar
 * Знаходить сторінки, в заголовку яких нема "foo" і заголовок або текст містить "bar".
 * incategory:Music
 * Знаходить сторінки, включені до категорії Category:Music
 * incategory:"music history"
 * Знаходить сторінки, включені до категорії Category:Music_history
 * incategory:"musicals" incategory:"1920"
 * Знаходить сторінки, включені одночасно до категорій Category:Musicals та Category:1920
 * -incategory:"musicals" incategory:"1920"
 * знаходить сторінки, включені до категорії Category:1920, але не включені до Category:Musicals

Linksto
Linksto finds wikilinks to a given name, not links to content. The input is the canonical, case sensitive, page name. It must match the title line of the content page, exactly, before any title modifications of the letter-case. (It must match its { {FULLPAGENAME}}, e.g. .)

Linksto does not find redirects. It only finds [ [wikilinks]], even when they are made by a template. It does not find a link made by a URL, even if that URL is an internal wiki link.

To find all wikilinks to a "Help:Cirrus Search", if "Help:Searching" and "H:S" are redirects to it:
 * 1) linksto: "Help:Cirrus Search"
 * 2) linksto: Help:Searching
 * 3) linksto: H:S

finds articles that mention "CirrusSearch" but not in a wikilink.

Hastemplate
You can specify template usage with. Input the canonical pagename to find all usage of the template, but use any of its redirect pagenames finds just that naming. Namespace aliases are accepted, capitalization is entirely ignored, and redirects are found, all in one name-search. (Compare boost-template no default namespace; linksto no namespace aliases, case-sensitive, no redirects; intitle no redirects.)

Hastemplate finds secondary (or meta-template) usage on a page: it searches the post-expansion inclusion. This is the same philosophy as for words and phrases from a template, but here it's for templates from a template. The page will be listed as having that content even though that content is not seen in the wikitext.


 * hastemplate: "quality image", finds "Template:Quality image" usage in your default search domain (namespaces).
 * : hastemplate: portal:contents/tocnavbar, finds mainspace usage of a "Contents/TOCnavbar" template in the Portal namespace.

For installations with the Translate extension, hastemplate searches get interference wherever Template:Translatable template name wraps the template name of a translatable template. Use insource instead.

Inlanguage
For installations with the Translate extension, inlanguage is important for highly refined searches and page counts.


 * inlanguage: language code

will produce search results in that language only.

For example


 * to count all Japanese pages on the wiki
 * all: inlanguage: ja


 * to filter out German and Spanish pages in the Help namespace
 * help: -inlanguage: de -inlanguage: es


 * to ignore Translate, and where English is the base language, add
 * inlanguage:en

Page weighting
Weighting determines snippet, suggestions, and page relevance. The normal weight is one. Additional weighting is given through multipliers.

If the query is just words, pages that match them in order are given a boost. If you add any explicit phrases to your search, or for certain other additions, this "prefer phrase" feature is not applied.

Morelike
Запит morelike: вибирає набір слів з вказаних статей і виконує запит з вибраними словами. Ви можете налаштувати спосіб його роботи додаванням таких параметрів to the search results URL: Ці установки можуть бути зроблені постійними перевизначенням  в Special:MyLanguage/Help:System message.
 * morelike:page name 1|page name 2|...|page name n
 * Знаходить статті, текст яких є найбільш подібний на текст вказаних статей.
 * morelike:wasp|bee|ant
 * Знайти статті про stinging insects.
 * morelike:template:search|template:regex|template:usage
 * Знайти шаблони про regex-пошук для використання шаблонів у Вікі.
 * cirrusMltMinDocFreq : Мінімальна кількість документів (per shard), що потрібні терму для його розгляду.
 * cirrusMltMaxDocFreq : Максимальна кількість документів (per shard), які має терм для його розгляду.
 * cirrusMltMaxQueryTerms : Максимальна кількість термів, що розглядаються.
 * cirrusMltMinTermFreq : Мінімальна кількість разів появи терму на вході в документі, який буде розглянутий. Для малих полів ( title ) це значення дорівнює 1.
 * cirrusMltMinWordLength : Мінімальна довжина терму, що розглядається. За умовчанням 0.
 * cirrusMltMaxWordLength : Максимальна довжина слова, вище якої слова будуть проігноровані. За умовчанням не обмежена (0).
 * cirrusMltFields (список значень розділених комами): Це поля, що використовуються. Допустимі такі поля title, text , auxiliary_text , opening_text , headings і all.
 * cirrusMltUseFields ( | ): використовувати тільки дані поля. За умовчанням : система буде вибирати вміст   поля для побудови запиту.
 * cirrusMltPercentTermsToMatch : Відсоток термів для відповідності. За умовчанням 0.3 (30 відсотків).
 * Приклад:

Prefer-recent
Adding prefer-recent: anywhere in the query gives recently edited articles a slightly larger than normal boost in the page-ranking rules.

It defaults to boost only 60% of the score, in a large, 160 day window of time, which can be entered in the query as prefer-recent:0.6,160. This plays well with other page ranking rules, and is intended for most searches.

You can manipulate the rules: prefer-recent:boost,recent Technically "boost" is the proportion of score to scale, and "recent" is the half life in days. The boost is more than the usual multiplier, it is an exponential boost. The factor used in the exponent is the time since the last edit.

For example
 * prefer-recent:,7

Pages older than 7 days are boosted half as much, and pages older than 14 days are boosted half as much again, and so on.

For a simple "sort by date" in highly refined search results, where page ranking and boosting are largely meaningless, just boost the entire score:
 * prefer-recent:1,7 (weeks)
 * prefer-recent:1,1 (days)
 * prefer-recent:1,0.0007 (minutes)
 * prefer-recent:1,0.0001 (8.64 seconds)
 * prefer-recent:1,0.00001 (seconds)

Boost-templates
Можна збільшити пошукову оцінку сторінок залежно від того, які шаблони вони містять. Це можна зробити просто в пошуковому запиті з допомогою  або встановивши замовчання для всіх запитів через нове повідомлення. заміняє вміст, якщо він був указаний. Синтаксис трохи специфічний, але був вибраний для наочності. Приклади:


 * File:boost-templates:"Template:Quality Image|200%" incategory:china
 * Знаходить файли в категорії China, сортуючи якісні зображення на початок.


 * File:boost-templates:"Template:Quality Image|200% Template:Low Quality|50%" incategory:china
 * Знаходить файли в категорії China, сортуючи високоякісні зображення на початок, а низькоякісні — в кінець.


 * File:boost-templates:"Template:Quality Image|200% Template:Low Quality|50%" popcorn
 * Find files about popcorn sorting quality images first and low quality images last. Remember that through the use of the  message this can be reduced to just.

Не намагайтеся додавати десяткові дроби до процентних чисел. Вони не працюють, а крім того, пошукова оцінка сторінок влаштована так, що вони навряд чи на щось вплинуть.

Попередження щодо : якщо ви додаєте дійсно дуже великі або малі відсотки, то вони можуть викликати оцінку всього тексту. Подумайте, наприклад, якщо enwiki збільшив обрані статті на мільйон відсотків. Тоді пошук термінів, зазначених в обраних статтях, знайшли б обрані статті до точного збігу назв термінів. Вибір фрази буде так само розростатися, тому пошук w:Brave New World знаходитиме обрану статтю з цими словами, розкиданими по ній, замість статті для Brave New World.

Regular expression searches
A basic indexed-search finds words rendered visible on a page. Hyphenation and punctuation marks and bracketing, slash and other math and computing symbols, are merely boundaries for the words. It is not possible to include them in an indexed search.

These return much much faster when you limit the regexp search-domain to the results of one or more index-based searches.

Warning: Do not run a bare insource:/regexp/ search. It will probably timeout after 20 seconds anyway, while blocking responsible users.

An "exact string" regexp search is a basic search; it will simply "quote" the entire regexp, or "backslash-escape" all non-alphanumeric characters in the string. All regexp searches also require that the user develop a simple filter to generate the search domain for the regex engine to search:
 * insource:"debian.reproducible.net" insource: / debian\.reproducible\.net / 
 * insource:"c:\program files (x86)" insource: / C\:\\Program Files \(x86\) /i 
 * insource:"{ {template}}" insource: / "{ {template}}<\/tag>" /
 * insource:"[ [title|link label]]'s" insource: / "[ [title|link label]]'s" /
 * insource: / regexp / prefix:{ {FULLPAGENAME}}

The last example works from a link on a page, but { {FULLPAGENAME}} doesn't function in the search box.

For example: ' [[Special:Search/insource:/regex/ prefix:| finds the term regex'' on this page ]].

A query with no namespace specified and no prefix specified searches your default search domain, (settable on any search-results page, i.e. at Special:Search). Some users keep their default search domain at "all namespaces", i.e. the entire wiki. On a large wiki if this user does a bare regexp search it will probably fail, incurring an HTML timeout, before completing the search.

A regex search actually scours each page in the search domain character-by character. By contrast, an indexed search actually queries a few records from a database separately maintained from the wiki database, and provides nearly instant results. So when using using an insource:// (a regexp of any kind), consider creating one the other search terms that will limit the regex search domain as much as possible. There are many search terms that use an index and so instantly provide a more refined search domain for the /regexp/. In order of general effectiveness: To test a bare regexp query you can create a page with test patterns, and then use the prefix parameter with that fullpagename. The match will be highlighted. It searches that page (in the database) and its subpages.
 * insource:"" with quotation marks, duplicating the regexp except without the slashes or escape characters, is ideal.
 * intitle, incategory, and linksto are excellent filters.
 * hastemplate: is a very good filter.
 * "word1 word2 word3", with or without the quotation marks, are good.
 * namespace: is practically useless, but may enable a slow regexp search to complete.

Search terms that do not increase the efficiency of a regexp search are the page-scoring operators: morelike, boost-template, and prefer-recent.

Метасимволи
This section covers how to escape metacharacters used in rexexp searches For the actual meaning of the metacharacters see the explanation of the syntax.

For example: Refining with an exact string. You can start out intending an exact string search, but keep in mind: There are two ways to escape metacharacters. They are both useful at times, and sometimes concatenated side-by-side in the escaping of a string. Double-quotes escaping using insource:/"regexp"/ is an easy way to search for many kinds of strings, but you can't backslash-escape anything inside a double-quoted escape. Backslash-escape using insource:/regexp/ allows escaping the " and / delimiters, but requires taking into account metacharacters, and escaping any: The simplest algorithm to create the basic string-finding expression using insource:/"regexp"/, need not take metacharacters into account except for the " and / characters:
 * to search a namespace, gauge the number of pages with a single term that is a namespace. This will list the number of pages in that namespace.
 * starting out to find again what you may have seen, like "wiki-link" or "(trans[in]clusion)" start with namespace and insource filters.
 * refinining an ongoing search process with what you want to see, like "2 + 2 = 4", or "site.org" This is ideally the best use of regex, because it adds it as a single regexp term while refining a search, the limited number of pages the regexp must crawl is can be seen.
 * regex only search the wikitext not the rendered text, so there are some differences around the markup, and even the number of space characters must match precisely.
 * You are obligated to supply an accompanying filter.
 * You must learn how to escape regex metacharacters.
 * Backslash-escape one of them \char. The insource:/regexp/ uses slashes to delimit the regexp. Giving /reg/exp/ is ambiguous, so you must write /reg\/exp/.
 * Put a string of them in double quotes "string". Because escaping a character can't hurt, you can escape any character along with any possible metacharacters in there. Escaping with quotes is cleaner.
 * You can't mix methods, but you can concatenate them.
 * instead of
 * is as good as
 * But  always.
 * And .  It finds the   literally, which is not the   you probably wanted.
 * To match a  delimiter character use.
 * To match a  delimiter character use.
 * The metacharacters would be.
 * The equivalent expression is.
 * 1) Write   out. (The /" delimiters "/ are not shown.)
 * 2) Replace   with   (previous double-quote: stop, concatenate, quote restart).
 * 3) Replace   with   (stop, concatenate, start).
 * 4) You get , showing concatenation of the two methods.

The square-bracket notation for creating your own character-class also escapes its metacharacters. To target a literal right square bracket in your character-class pattern, it must be backslash escaped, otherwise it can be interpreted as the closing delimiter of the character-class pattern definition. The first position of a character class will also escape the right square bracket. Inside the delimiting square brackets of a character class, the dash character also has special meaning (range) but it too can be included literally in the class the same way as the right square bracket can. For example both of these patterns target a character that is either a dash or a right square bracket or a dot:  or.

For general examples using metacharacters: There are some notable differences from standard regex metacharacters:
 * insource:"2+2=4" insource:/"2+2=4"/ matches "2 + 2 = 4", with zero spaces between the characters.
 * insource:"2 + 2 = 4" insource:/2 ?\+ ?2 ?= ?4\./ match with zero or one space in between. The equals = sign is not a metacharacter, but the plus + sign is.
 * insource:"[ [link|2\3?]]\" insource:/"[ [link|2\3?]]< "\/" tag>"/.
 * The dot . metacharacter stands for any character including a newline, so .* matches across lines.
 * The number # sign means something, and must be escaped.
 * The ^ and $ are not needed. Like "grep" (global per line, regular expression, print each line), each insource:// is a "global per document, regular expression, search-results-list each document" per document.
 * support a multi-digit numeric range like [0-9] does, but without regard to the number of character positions, or the range in each position, so <9-10> works, and even <1-111> works.

Advanced example
For example, using metacharacters to find the usage of a template called Val having, inside the template call, an unnamed parameter containing a possibly signed, three to four digit number, possibly surrounded by space characters, AND on the same page, inside a template Val call, a named argument having any allowable spaces around it, (it could be the same template call, or a separate one):



Note that the = sign in "fmt commas" is not needed but that adding it would not change the search results. It is fast because it uses two filters so that every page the regexp crawls has the highest possible potential.

bounded
You can limit search to pages identified as being near some specified geographic coordinates. The coordinates can either be specified as a, pair, or by providing a page title from which to source the coordinates. A distance to limit the search to can be prepended if desired. Examples:


 * neartitle:"San Francisco"
 * neartitle:"100km,San Francisco"
 * nearcoord:37.77666667,-122.39
 * nearcoord:42km,37.77666667,-122.39

boosted
You can alternatively increase the score of pages within a specified geographic area. The syntax is the same as bounded search, but with boost- prepended to the keyword. This effectively doubles the score for pages within the search range, giving a better chance for nearby search results to be near the top.


 * boost-neartitle:"San Francisco"
 * boost-neartitle:"100km,San Francisco"
 * boost-nearcoord:37.77666667,-122.39
 * boost-nearcoord:42km,37.77666667,-122.39

File properties search
Since MediaWiki 1.28, CirrusSearch supports indexing and searching of properties of files in the  namespace. This includes:
 * file media type
 * MIME type
 * size
 * width & height
 * resolution
 * bit depth for files that support these

filetype
Searching for file type allows to retrieve files according to their classification, such as office documents, videos, raster images, vector images, etc. The following types currently exist:



This list may be extended in the future. See also  constants in.

The syntax of the search is: filetype:{type}. Example:

filetype:video - looks for all videos

The filetype search is not case-sensitive.

filemime
Matches file MIME type. The syntax is:

filemime:{MIMEtype} - look for files of this MIME type

The argument can be quoted to specify exact match. Without quotes, partial matches to components of MIME type will be accepted too.

Examples:

filemime:"image/png" - look for files with MIME type exactly

filemime:pdf - look for all PDF documents

The MIME type search is not case sensitive.

filesize
Search for file of given size, in kilobytes (kilobyte means 1024 bytes). The syntax is:

filesize:{number} or filesize:>{number} - file with size at least given number

filesize:<{number} - file with size no more than given number

filesize:{number},{number} - file with size between given numbers

Examples:

filesize:>20 or filesize:20 - files 20KB and bigger

filesize:<1024 - files smaller than 1MB

filesize:100,500 - files with sizes between 100KB and 500KB

File measures
It is possible to search for specific file measures: width, height, resolution (which is defined as square root of height × width), and bit depth. Not all files may have these properties. The syntax is:

{measure}:{number} - file with measure that equals to given number

{measure}:>{number} - file with measure that is at least given number

{measure}:<{number} - file with measure that is no more than given number

{measure}:{number},{number} - file with measure that is between given numbers

Where  can be:

filew or filewidth - file width

fileh or fileheight - file height

fileres - file resolution (see above)

filebits - file bit depth

Examples:

filew:>800 fileh:>600 - files that are at least 800x600 pixels in size

filebits:16 - files with 16-bit color depth

fileheight:100,500 - file between 100 and 500 pixels high