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On September 13, 1948, Hyderabad was invaded by India, and within four days Hyderabad's accession to India was achieved. After a period of military and provisional civil government, a popular ministry and legislature were set up in the state in March 1952.This was how Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel exulted after India’s Agent General K M Munshi informed him of the Nizam’s ‘no’ to a proposal by Mountbatten. This was exactly what the ‘Iron Man’ (Sardar Patel) needed to justify the Police Action or Operation Polo that led to the fall of the princely state of Hyderabad and its accession to the Indian Union this day 73 years agoVallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (Gujarati: [ʋəlːəbːʰɑi dʒʰəʋeɾbʰɑi pəʈel]; pə-TEL; 31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), endeared as Sardar,[a] was an Indian lawyer, influential political leader and statesman who served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India from 1947 to 1950. He is also called the "Unifier of India".[1] The Statue of Unity, the ruling BJP government erected world's tallest statue at a cost of USD420 million, was dedicated to him on 31 October 2018 and is approximately 182 metres (597 ft) in height.[2] He was a barrister and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress, who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence, guiding its integration into a united, independent nation.[3] He was one of the conservative members of the Indian National Congress. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning "chief" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as the Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947

How to edit a page with translations markup
Current translations documentation is oriented towards translations administrators, translation extension managers, and translations applications for translators. Editors need there own or section in Help:editing.


 * It should be compact and concentrate on the syntax and grammar of &lt;translate>, and other translations markup.
 * It should focus on the needs of editors. Perhaps a section in Help:Editing. Translations markings on a page discourage editing. There is no documentation for translations whose audience is editors.
 * It should bring pages such as Help:CirrusSearch, back to life, "edited by anyone, mercilessly" as the proven saying goes. Help:CirrusSearch is a ghost town, yet Search is a hot technology -- you can get a college degree in it -- and Elastica is a hot open source movement. Help:Searching on Wikipedia has little or nothing on CirrusSearch, perhaps as a result of Help:CirrusSearch paralysis.

As an editor at Help:CirrusSearch I struggled with 1) the documentation on translations and 2) with unresponsive translations "editors" for months before becoming fed up with it and removing it. Documenting how to edit a page with translations will prove that translations and translators care about editing, not just translations. Cpiral (talk) 19:11, 29 September 2015 (UTC)

In the 1901 Census of the British Indian Empire, the population of the princely state of Kashmir was 2,905,578. Of these 2,154,695 were Muslims, 689,073 Hindus, 25,828 Sikhs, and 35,047 Buddhists. The Hindus were found mainly in Jammu, where they constituted a little less than 50% of the population.[99] In the Kashmir Valley, the Hindus represented "only 524 in every 10,000 of the population (i.e. 5.24%), and in the frontier wazarats of Ladhakh and Gilgit only 94 out of every 10,000 persons (0.94%)."[99] In the same Census of 1901, in the Kashmir Valley, the total population was recorded to be 1,157,394, of which the Muslim population was 1,083,766, or 93.6% of the population.[99] These percentages have remained fairly stable for the last 100 years.[100] In the 1941 Census of British India, Muslims accounted for 93.6% of the population of the Kashmir Valley and the Hindus constituted 4%.[100] In 2003, the percentage of Muslims in the Kashmir Valley was 95%[101] and those of Hindus 4%; the same year, in Jammu, the percentage of Hindus was 67% and those of Muslims 27%.[101]

Among the Muslims of the Kashmir province within the princely state, four divisions were recorded: "Shaikhs, Saiyids, Mughals, and Pathans. The Shaikhs, who are by far the most numerous, are the descendants of Hindus, but have retained none of the caste rules of their forefathers. They have clan names known as krams ..."[102] It was recorded that these kram names included "Tantre", "Shaikh", "Bat", "Mantu", "Ganai", "Dar", "Damar", "Lon", etc. The Saiyids, it was recorded, "could be divided into those who follow the profession of religion and those who have taken to agriculture and other pursuits. Their kram name is 'Mir.' While a Saiyid retains his saintly profession Mir is a prefix; if he has taken to agriculture, Mir is an affix to his name."[102] The Mughals who were not numerous were recorded to have kram names like "Mir" (a corruption of "Mirza"), "Beg", "Bandi", "Bach" and "Ashaye". Finally, it was recorded that the Pathans "who are more numerous than the Mughals, ... are found chiefly in the south-west of the valley, where Pathan colonies have from time to time been founded. The most interesting of these colonies is that of Kuki-Khel Afridis at Dranghaihama, who retain all the old customs and speak Pashtu."[102] Among the main tribes of Muslims in the princely state are the Butts, Dar, Lone, Jat, Gujjar, Rajput, Sudhan and Khatri. A small number of Butts, Dar and Lone use the title Khawaja and the Khatri use the title Shaikh the Gujjar use the title of Chaudhary. All these tribes are indigenous of the princely state which converted to Islam from Hinduism during its arrival in region.

Among the Hindus of Jammu province, who numbered 626,177 (or 90.87% of the Hindu population of the princely state), the most important castes recorded in the census were "Brahmans (186,000), the Rajputs (167,000), the Khattris (48,000) and the Thakkars (93,000)."[ राजेश पायलट भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस से सबंध एक राजनेता है।उसका नाम था राजेश्वर प्रसाद बिधूरी जो बाद में राजेश पायलट के नाम से मशहूर हुआ। 1974 में उनकी रमा पायलट से शादी हुई।वे पूर्व केन्द्रीय मंत्री तथा राजस्थान के दौसा लोक सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र से कई बार सांसद रहे है।राजेश पायलटजी ने 1971 के भारत-पाक युद्ध में भारतीय वायुसेना कि तरफ महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई थी। परंतु जन सेवा की भावना से प्रेरित होकर वायुसेना से इस्तीफा देकर राजनीति में प्रवेश किया था। 1980 में भरतपुर से सांसद चुने गये और 1984,1991,1996,1998 एवं 1999 दौसा से सांसद चुने गये। 20 साल तक सांसद रहे। जब 1984 में राजीव गाँधी प्रधानमंत्री बने, तो उन्होंने उन्हें भूतल राज्यमंत्री बनाया। उत्तरपूर्व और कश्मीर दोनों राजेश पायलट के बहुत प्रिय विषय थे। कश्मीर में सामान्य स्थिति लाने के लिए उन्होंने अपनी तरफ़ से काफ़ी कोशिश की., हाँलाकि वहाँ उन पर कई हमले भी हुए। राजेश पायलट को भारतीय राजनीति में अभी बहुत कुछ करना था लेकिन मात्र 55 वर्ष की आयु में एक सड़क दुर्घटना में उनका असामयिक निधन हो गया. उस समय वो गाड़ी को खुद ड्राइव कर रहे थे.[1][2]