Help:Templates/pt-br

Se você tiver textos padrão que deseja incluir em várias páginas, o recurso de predefinição MediaWiki entra em jogo. Ao contrário de extensões e arquivos multimídia, não há um repositório central para predefinições. Predefinições podem ser escritas do zero ou, para diminuir retrabalho, exportadas de outras wikis, p. ex. Wikipédia, e então importadas na wiki de destino.

Criação
Predefinições são páginas wiki normais, cujo conteúdo está concebido para ser transcluído (isto é, integrado) em outras páginas. Por convenção, as predefinições devem ser colocadas no espaço nominal «   :»; de resto, pode criá-las como cria qualquer outra página.

O uso mais simples de uma predefinição é o seguinte. Se criar a página "Template:Welcome", com este conteúdo:

Olá! Bem-vindo(a) à wiki.

você terá criado a sua primeira predefinição. Se depois colocar o código:

em qualquer outra página, aparecerá nessa página o texto «Olá! Bem-vindo(a) à wiki.» em vez de. Diz-se que o conteúdo da predefinição foi «transcluído» para dentro da outra página, isto é, que foi integrado nela.

You can then insert  at any point of any page where you wish to welcome someone. Suppose it is used in 100 pages. If you then change the template contents to:

Olá! Bem-vindo(a) a esta wiki maravilhosa.

and revisit any of the 100 pages where the template was used, you'll see the new text instead of the original one. In this way, you have changed the content of 100 pages without editing them, because the template is transcluded into these pages.

Este é o mecanismo básico. Existem várias opções que enriquecem este mecanismo e tornam as predefinições extremamente úteis.

Uso
Templates can be used in other pages in these ways:


 * — as described above, this link will be dynamically replaced by the current content of Template:Name at the time the page with the template link is loaded. The link will remain unchanged in the page's source.
 * — when this template link is used, it will be replaced once and for all with the content of Template:Name as of the time the page with the link is saved: a copy of the contents of Template:Name will be substituted for the template link. The contents are then a part of the including page, and can be edited normally, separately from the original. Note: later changes to the source template page will not be propagated to the page with the template link.
 * — this was introduced to allow for substitution that doesn't break transclusion, see w:en:Help:Substitution.
 * includes the template in a form that displays it as raw wiki syntax (the way  does) when the page containing it is fetched.

In fact, an ordinary wiki page can also be used as a template, simply by specifying the namespace it resides in, so:


 * includes
 * includes
 * includes
 * replaces itself with the contents of

Se o espaço nominal especificado não existir, o MediaWiki assume que o título completo é uma predefinição:


 * includes

Parâmetros
To enrich the mechanism of transclusion, MediaWiki allows parameters to be passed to a template when it is transcluded. Parameters allow the template to produce different contents or have different behaviors.

Suppose you wish to insert a little thank you note in the talk page of other users, such as:

O agradecimento conterá uma razão (neste caso, «pelo seu esforço») e a assinatura de quem agradece (neste caso, «Eu»). O objetivo é que o agradecimento possa ser feito por qualquer usuário a outro, para agradecer qualquer coisa.

So that the note will look similar everywhere it is used, you can define a template called Template:Thankyou, for example. Although the note should look similar whenever a user thanks another user, its specific contents (i.e. the reason and the signature) will be different. For that reason, you should pass them as parameters. If we ignore the remaining elements to format the box and place the image, the core content of the template will be this:

Notice the use of  and. This is the way to identify, within templates, the parameters that will be passed in when the template is used. Note that, within the template, each parameter is surrounded by three braces:. This is different from normal template name usage.

Quando uma predefinição é usada, passam-se os parâmetros separando-os com barras verticais. O MediaWiki permite que sejam passados parâmetros às predefinições de três formas: de forma anônima, numerada e nomeada.

Parâmetros anônimos
Para passar parâmetros de forma anônima, liste os valores dos parâmetros sequencialmente:

In this case, the  template receives parameters   and , producing:

A ordem em que os parâmetros são passados anonimamente é crucial para o seu comportamento. Invertendo a ordem dos parâmetros, assim:

would produce this result:

Note: Identifying parameters by order (with, etc) works only with anonymous parameters. If your page identifies any parameter by number or name, as shown below, this method will no longer be available to the template which receives them.

Note: If an equal sign appears inside the argument to an anonymous template parameter, that parameter may be misinterpreted as a named parameter (which is explained below in this document) treating the text before the equal sign as the parameter name and the text after it as the argument value. This is a common problem when you need to include an external link, or an HTML element with attributes (see Task 16235). The workaround is to use named parameters instead, or even numbered parameters as explained in the following section.

Numbered parameters
To pass in parameters by number, identify each parameter when passing it:

This time, template  receives parameters   and , though they have been supplied in inverse order, and produces:

Named parameters
The third way of passing parameters is by name, instead of numbers. In this case, the template contents would be changed to:

A little thank you... for. hugs,

Within the template, we use  and   to identify each parameter, instead of a number. To pass these parameters by name, identify each parameter when passing it:

In this case, template  receives parameters   and   and produces:

The advantage of using named parameters in your template, besides also being flexible in the order parameters can be passed, is that it makes the template code much easier to understand if there are many parameters.

Default values
If you transclude a template that expects parameters, but do not provide their arguments, in this way:

in the numbered parameters example above you would get the following:

Since no arguments were passed in, the template presents the parameters themselves, instead of their respective values. In these cases, it may be useful to define default values for the parameters, i.e. values that will be used if no value is passed in. For example, if the template contents are changed to:

then  defines that if no argument is provided for parameter , then the value   will be used. Similarly,, defaults parameter   to value. Now, transcluding the template again without passing any argument results in the following:

Order of evaluation
Template parameters are fully evaluated before they are passed to the template. So if one of your parameters is a call to another template, what is actually passed is the expanded parameter.

becomes before it becomes:

In a few circumstances, this order of evaluation makes a difference from the alternative. (The alternative being to check the results of the template call to see if there are additional templates to be expanded.)

First, the name of the template can be expanded at the same time and in the same way as the parameters.

Thus might expand to So that a template called  could display the thank you in the preferred language (however that was determined.)

Secondly, the template being called can't construct a template from pieces to be called later. A template that took the form would not work if was and was.

Thirdly, the parameter being passed is expanded only once, rather than every place the parameter is used in the template. This is more efficient on the mediawiki server.

Finally, the template being called can't stop the parameter from being expanded altogether. Even if a template only uses a parameter in some circumstances, it will always have been expanded before the call was made.

Recursion in templates
Including a template in itself won't throw MediaWiki into infinite recursion. MediaWiki will stop the recursion with the template's name in bold. For example, if the content of "Template:Aaaa" is " ", it'll show as "Template:Aaaa".

Control template inclusion
By default, a template's content is displayed in its entirety, both when viewed directly and when included in another page. However, you can control which parts of a template will be seen and included by the use of the  and   tags.

Anything between  and   will be seen only when the template's page is being viewed directly, but not when it is included in another page. This is useful when you want to include text or code in a template that you do not want to propagate to any pages which include it, such as:


 * Category links when categorizing the template itself
 * interlanguage links to similar templates in other languages
 * Explanatory text about how to use the template

Likewise, anything between  and   will be processed and displayed only when the page is being included, but not when the template page is being viewed directly, and is useful in situations such as:


 * Categorizing pages which include the template. Note: when changing the categories applied by a template in this fashion, the categorization of the pages which include that template may not be updated until some time later: this is handled by the . To force the re-categorization of a particular page, open that page for editing and save it without changes.
 * Ensuring that the template's code is not executed when viewing the template page itself. Typically this is because it expects parameters, and its execution without parameters has an undesired result.

Everything outside  and   is processed and displayed normally; that is, both when the template page is being viewed directly and when the template is included in another page. The focus is on what is inside these two tags.

Everything outside  tags is discarded in the transclusion. Even sections tagged includeonly are discarded in the transclusion unless they are also tagged as onlyinclude. The focus is on what is outside this tag.

Nesting of these tags is also possible.

The three partial transclusion tags enable all possible combinations of what is processed and rendered. Comments also fill a role.

Organizing templates
For templates to be effective, users need to find them, and find out how to use them.

To find them, users can:
 * 1) Click ' > '
 * 2) In the ' list, choose Template and click '.

To give usage information, include an example like this one on the template page:

Usage
Welcome users:

Then, an editor can simply copy and paste the example to use the template.

Linking to a template
To link to a template instead of including it, use the tl template. The name of the template the editor wants to link to goes after the vertical pipe. For example: links to the navbar template.

Copiar predefinições de uma wiki para outra
As predefinições usam frequentemente código CSS e outras predefinições. Por isso, os utilizadores têm frequentemente dificuldade em copiar uma predefinição de uma wiki para outra, porque estes elementos necessários estão em outras páginas. Os seguintes passos podem ajudar:

Código MediaWiki
Se tem permissões para importar páginas (especificamente, o privilégio importupload) na wiki de destino:
 * 1) Vá à página Special:Export da wiki de origem e exporte um ficheiro .xml com o histórico completo e todas as predefinições necessárias, como se segue:
 * 2) * Introduza o nome da predefinição na caixa de texto grande; por exemplo, «Template:Welcome». Tenha especial atenção nas letras maiúsculas e minúsculas e os caracteres especiais — se o nome da predefinição não estiver exatamente igual, a exportação poderá ocorrer mas o ficheiro .xml não conterá os dados esperados.
 * 3) * Marque a caixa «».
 * 4) * Uncheck the box "".
 * 5) * Clique em "".
 * 6) Go to Special:Import on the new wiki and upload the .xml file.

If you don't have import rights on the new wiki:


 * 1) Go to the template you want to copy from the original wiki. Go to the edit page, and copy all the wikitext
 * 2) On the new wiki, go to the page with the same name as the template you copied. Hit create/edit and paste the wikitext you copied. In the edit summary of each template, link to the original page for attribution.
 * 3) Back in the original wiki at the edit window, below the edit box, look at the list of "Templates used on this page". For each template listed follow these instructions. Also do that for any template used by any of these templates, and so on.

This will copy the entire code necessary, and will suffice for some templates. If it doesn't work also check for red links listed under "Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page:", below the edit box. If there are any repeat the above steps for these as well.

After successfully importing the template and all its linked templates from the other wiki, edit it to change customisations to suit your wiki. For example to change a logo, remove redundant categories or red links.

Extensões
An extension often used in templates is ParserFunctions. Visit page and check if any of the functions listed there are used in the templates you've copied. If so, you have to install the. To install it, you'll need system admin access to the server of your MediaWiki installation.

Another dependency that may be used in templates, especially those on Wikipedia, is Lua. Having  in template code is a good sign for it. In case it's used, you need to install the and system admin access is required too. See that page for more instructions about installing and using the extension.

CSS and JavaScript code
Besides MediaWiki code, many templates make use of CSS and some rely on JavaScript to work fully. If the copied templates are not behaving as expected, this may be the cause. To copy the required CSS and JavaScript to your wiki you'll normally need to have admin privileges, because you'll be editing system messages in the "MediaWiki:" namespace.


 * 1) Look for the use of CSS classes (text like  ) in the template text. If those classes appear in "MediaWiki:Common.css" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.css" on the original wiki, copy those classes to "MediaWiki:Common.css" on the new wiki and check if the template is now fine.
 * 2) If the copied template is still not working as expected, check if there is code in "MediaWiki:Common.js" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.js" on the original wiki. If so, you can try copying it to "MediaWiki:Common.js" on the new wiki. Normally, it is a good idea to only copy code from trusted sources, and first browsing the code to identify and select the parts that are relevant. You may find comments that can serve as clues to identify the functionality of each part.

Ver também

 * – a template special use case example
 * – fancy stuff you may find in some templates
 * - additional fancy control functions such as #if and #switch
 * - guidance on using parser functions in templates
 * m:Help:Template – contains a much more thorough manual on how exactly templates function
 * m:Help:Advanced templates – describes even more advanced techniques such as dynamic template calls and variable variables
 * m:Help:Embed page – embedding pages from namespaces other than.
 * m:Help:Embed page – embedding pages from namespaces other than.