Manual:User rights/zh

用户权限是可分配给特定用户组的具体访问权和操作权限. 然后可以通过Special:Userrights特殊页面把用户分配给用户组(或者从用户组移出). 参见.

在默认配置下，访问这个界面需要userrights权限，因此这个页面只有行政员能够访问. 参见 来了解有关管理和分配用户组的内容.

Special:UserRights 在MediaWiki 1.5开始被采用；参见 来获取早期的方法.

更改用户组权限
MediaWiki安装程序会为默认用户组分配一些权限（见下文）. 你可以通过使用syntax编辑中的$wgGroupPermissions中的数组来更改默认的权限.

在默认安装下，$wgGroupPermissions将在 中被设置，而不是在 中. 你需要在这个文件中添加内容.

如果某个用户存在于多个用户组，则他将获取所在组的所有权限. 包括匿名用户在内的所有用户都在 用户组中，所有注册用户都在 用户组中. 除了默认用户组之外，您还可以用同样的方式创建新用户组.

示例
这个示例将禁止所有用户访问除外的页面，但是仅对于注册用户开放.

下面的例子将禁止所有用户编辑页面，然后仅允许已确认的电子邮件地址的用户编辑.

Creating a new group and assigning permissions to it
You can create new user groups by defining permissions for the according group name in  where  is the actual name of the group.

Additionally to assigning permissions, you should create these three wiki pages with fitting content:


 * (content: )
 * (content: )
 * (content: )

By default, bureaucrats can add users to, or remove them from, any group. However, if you are using and, you may need to customize those instead.

Examples
This example will create an arbitrary "ninja" group that can block users and delete pages, and whose edits are hidden by default in the recent changes log:


 * Note: the group name cannot contain spaces, so use  or   instead of

In this example, you would probably also want to create these pages:


 * (content: )
 * (content: )
 * (content: )

This will ensure that the group will be referred to as "Ninjas" throughout the interface, and a member will be referred to as a "ninja", and overviews will link the group name to.

This example disables write access (page editing and creation) by default, creates a group named "Write", and grants it write access. Users can be manually added to this group via Special:UserRights:

In this example, you would probably also want to create these pages:


 * (content: )
 * (content: )
 * (content: )

Removing predefined groups
MediaWiki out of the box comes with a number of predefined groups. Most of these groups can be removed by unsetting the according array keys, among them. For details see below.

Example
This example will eliminate the bureaucrat group entirely. It is necessary to ensure that all six of these variables are unset for any group that one wishes to remove from being listed at Special:ListGroupRights; however, merely unsetting $wgGroupPermissions will suffice to remove it from Special:UserRights. This code should be placed after any  lines that add extensions such as  containing code that gives bureaucrats group permissions by default.

Note on the group called "user"
With the above mechanism, you can remove the groups sysop, bureaucrat and bot, which - if used - can be assigned through the usual user permission system. However, it is currently impossible to remove the user group. This group is not assigned through the usual permission system. Instead, every logged in user automatically is member of that group. This is hardcoded in MediaWiki and currently cannot be changed easily.

List of permissions
The following user rights are available in the latest version of MediaWiki. If you are using an older version, look at "Special:Version" on your wiki and see if your version is covered in the "versions" column.

List of groups
The following groups are available in the latest version of MediaWiki. If you are using an older version then some of these may not be implemented.

From MW 1.12, you can create your own groups into which users are automatically promoted (as with autoconfirmed and emailconfirmed) using. You can even create any custom group by just assigning rights to them.

Default rights
The default rights are defined in.
 * Default values in HEAD version:
 * The default values in the latest stable MediaWiki release, version 1.27, are available here: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/diffusion/MW/browse/REL1_27/includes/DefaultSettings.php$4516
 * Additional rights: you should be able to list all the permissions available on your wiki by running.

Adding new rights
Information for coders only follows.

If you're adding a new right in core, for instance to control a new special page, you are required to add it to the list of available rights in,  (example). If you're doing so in an extension, you instead need to use.

You probably also want to also assign it to some user group by editing described above.

If you want this right to be accessible to external applications by OAuth or by bot passwords, then you will need to add it to a grant by editing

You also need to add  and   interface messages to /languages/i18n/en.json (with documentation in qqq.json). The right-* messages can be seen on Special:ListGroupRights and the action-* messages are used in a sentence like "You do not have permission to ...".