Manual:LocalSettings.php/ru

Файл LocalSettings.php предоставляет базовые настройки конфигурации (основанные на файле ) MediaWiki. Вам следует потратить некоторое время, чтобы изучить настройки в этом файле. Этот файл обычно генерируется веб-интерфейсом установщика MediaWiki но вы можете дергать параметры, по возможности с настройками Apache. Для установки MediaWiki как wiki farm, может использоваться файл CommonSettings.php.

Расположение на сервере
Файл LocalSettings.php не является вики-страницей и вы не можете получить доступ к нему из веб-браузера. Это файл в файловой системе сервера. Его содержимое генерируется в процессе начальной настройки wiki и конечный файл должен быть скопирован на сервер вручную. Файл должен располагаться в папке, в которую установлена MediaWiki, на одном уровне с такими папками как includes/и skins/ и файлами такими как api.php. Если там нет этого файла, the wiki не будет работать вообще - если вики работает, файл находится там. Если вы не знаете, где это, вы можете ввести команду наподобие find / -iname LocalSettings.php -print в терминале.

(If you are using Vagrant, see also MediaWiki-Vagrant#MediaWiki_settings.)

Безопасность
LocalSettings.php обычно содержит конфеденциальные данные, такие как логины базы данных. Эти данные никогда не должны быть публичными! В нарушение безопасности кое-где на сервере может случиться, что другие пользователи могут просматривать содержимое файлов. Что бы улучшить безопасность ваших данных, вы должны установить UNIX-права доступа к этому файлу в соответствии: пользователь вебсервера должен иметь доступ к этому файлу. Если это тот же аккаунт, как у владельца файла, то вы можете установить права в 600. Иногда, пользователь вебсервера не является владельцем файла, но он входит в UNIX-группу владельцев. В этом случае, подойдут права 640. Для улучшения безопасности вам следует уменьшить права на столько, на сколько возможно.

Дополнительно вы можете создать пользователя MySQL, который имеет доступ(?) только к базе данных, используемой wiki, и предоставлять пользовательский доступ в Также вы можете настроить ваш сервер баз данных, что бы он принимал соединения только от localhost - это предотвратит доступ извне, если утекут пароли.

Содержимое файла
Когда вы редактируете LocalSettings.php, убедитесь, что сохранили его в правильной кодировке. Следует использовать кодировку "ANSI as UTF-8" - это кодировка UTF-8 без указания порядка байтов (byte order mark (BOM)).

LocalSettings.php</tt> содержит PHP код, в основном содержащий определения переменных и их значений. Изменение настроек обычно означает изменение значений PHP-переменных. Ваши изменения вступят в силу сразу после сохранения файла на сервере: ничего не требуется "перезапускать" в ручную. Так или иначе, в некоторых случаях вам потребуется очистить кэш вашего браузера, что-бы увидеть изменения.

Дефолтные значения большинства настроек установлены в, которые не надо изменять; елсли переменная, которую вы хотите изменить, еще отсутствует в LocalSettings.php</tt>, скопируйте соответствующу строчку из   и измените ее в  LocalSettings.php</tt>. В LocalSettings.php</tt> вы можете добавлять строки в конец.

Так же в файле могут быть строки наподобие ' ', которые указывают(?) на расширения. Эти строки включают соответствующее расширение в вики. Те расширения могу требовать назстройки значений других переменных в LocalSettings.php</tt>; проверьте документацию соответствующего расширения для дальнейших инструкций.

В MediaWiki 1.16 и ранее было важно не размещать расширения до строки ; это очистит массивы функций установки расширений(?), и расширения не будут установлены, и возможно сделает вашу вики недоступной. С 1.17 больше не необходимо в LocalSettings.php</tt> подключать DefaultSettings.php.

Как и большинство PHP-файлов в MediaWiki, LocalSettings.php</tt> не заканчивается закрывающим тегом PHP. Это защищает от случайного добавления информации после этого тега. PHP нормально работает без закрывающего тэга.

Если ваша вики на MediaWiki wiki farm вы можете не иметь доступа изменить (и возможно даже прочитать) файл LocalSettings.php</tt> (см. например ). Компания вики-фермы может разрешить или не разрешить внести изменения, которые вы хотите произвести. Возможно она хочет оставить большинство настроек одинаковыми на всех вики вики-фермы.

Обзор настроек переменных
See the configuration settings index and the comments included in the settings files for help on what all the variables do. A short listing of the most important variables, as well as the most requested features, is listed below.

Include path
The $IP (include path) variable holds the local file path to the base installation of your wiki. Since MediaWiki 1.17, MediaWiki is setting $IP automatically - setting it manually in  is no longer needed. It will default to the current working directory automatically and can be used without the need to manually define it.

The DefaultSettings.php file gets loaded from the directory designated by the IP variable.

Имя сайта
 holds the name of your wiki setup. This name gets included many times throughout the system, such as via MediaWiki:Pagetitle. For instance, the Wikipedia tagline "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" makes use of this setting.

Склонение имени сайта
Some translations of interface are ready for inflection of site name. You can set proper forms of word in variables ' (for example please refer to the ' documentation page).

Язык сайта
 controls the language of your wiki's interface. While users can switch the language they see in their preferences, this variable sets the default language that all anonymous users and most registered users see.

Путь к скрипту
 is the URL path prefix to access the main MediaWiki script that is the central acting piece of code of MediaWiki. This setting should correspond to the Apache settings, especially if you are using Apache's rewrite rules.

Имя сервера
 can be used optionally to overwrite the automatic detection. When the wiki is accessed from either the localhost where it runs, from an intranet or from the internet, e-mail notifications and a few other computed messages would be usually delivered with the different URLs. Using  overwrites the detection and the server name will be constant.

If www.example.com is the server address of your wiki as seen from the internet, add a line such as

The magic word variable  can be used on wiki pages; it equals the value of  ; however, on a wiki, such as those in the WikiMedia family, where relative urls are used, it will not fully expand, for example here it displays, which can neither be clicked nor copy-pasted into the address bar as it is.

Имя скрипта
 is the name of the main (index) MediaWiki PHP script, named  by default. Changing the script name is probably not a good idea. However, if you feel the urge to do so, this is the place to make your changes. Make sure you know what you are doing.

Redirect script name
 specifies the URL path to the redirect script which handles redirects in MediaWiki. This setting is similar to wgScript as you can configure the exact name of the script. As mentioned above, this is probably not a good idea unless you really know what you are doing.

Путь к статье
 is the path to use when accessing a page in MediaWiki. The path should contain the path to the main script (usually making use of ) and use the   placeholder for the article name.

If you are using Apache rewrite rules to create pretty and short URLs, you probably need to adjust  to address the right path. Note that wgArticlePath is used to construct URLs from within MediaWiki. If you make a mistake here, internal links will show up incorrectly while you still may be able to access the main page by specifying the correct URL manually. See Manual:Short URL for more information on URL configuration.

Typical values are:

Расположение таблиц стия (stylesheet)
Use  to set the URL path to the place where the stylesheets (CSS) for the MediaWiki installation are located.  should point the same place, but note that this is a local file system path for use in internal scripts accessing the file system.

Upload location
The upload directory is the place where files uploaded by the users are stored. ' specifies the URL path, ' points to the local file system path.

Логотип
 specifies which graphical logo is displayed in the top left corner of all mediawiki pages. These steps replace the default logo in the /wiki/skins/common/images/ directory, replacing /wiki with the path to the directory where you installed the MediaWiki software.

First, copy whatever logo you want into the /wiki/skins/common/images/ directory (replacing /wiki with the path to the directory where you installed the MediaWiki software).

Next, try to find the line that looks like this in :

If there's no such line, you can copy and paste the line above at the end of the file.

Then, modify that line to point to your logo. The logo must be web accessible. The value of this variable is passed to the web browser, which uses it to fetch the logo. If in doubt, a good way to pick what to put here is navigate to the logo in your web browser (for example, this wiki the url of the logo is http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/mediawiki/b/bc/Wiki.png ), and put the full url as the value of this variable.

Some people just replace the skins/common/images/wiki.png file with their logo. This is not recommended, as the customized logo would be overwritten on upgrade.

Contact info
 is the e-mail address of the user to contact if something goes wrong. This e-mail address is used to send internal bug reports to. As an administrator, you want to include your e-mail address here.

 is the e-mail address where e-mail gets sent from, when passwords are sent out to users who have forgotten their passwords. Choose an address people can reply to in case of trouble or confusion.

Настройки базы данных
MediaWiki needs access to the database (currently either MySQL or PostgreSQL) to store pages, modifications, user information, and a lot more things.

 contains the hostname where the database is hosted on. In most cases this will be just "localhost" as the database is run on the same system, but for distributed installations, you need to fill in the fully qualified domain name of the computer running the database.

 is the database name of the database to be used by MediaWiki. A single MySQL or PostgreSQL installation can store more than one database and you can even run many MediaWiki installations on a single server. Make sure you have stated the correct database name here and use different database names for different wiki installations on the same database server.

' and ' contain the login name and password to be used by MediaWiki to access the database. Make sure the specified user has the proper access rights to be able to manipulate the wiki's table on the database server.

User rights
 is an associative array, controlling permissions for creating and editing pages for your different user groups. In this array, custom permission levels can be created, and permission levels for the different user groups can be set. See Help:User rights for more information about the different permissions and user groups available.

Force capital links
By default, no page name can start with a lowercase Roman letter: in an attempt to do so the first letter is converted to uppercase; if a link target, included page, image or category is specified with a name starting with a lowercase letter, the actual target etc. is the page starting with the corresponding capital.

Alternatively page names can start with a lowercase letter, in addition to the possibilities of starting with a capital, a digit, etc. For that you must adjust . Setting it to false allows lowercase characters, true chooses the default behavior.

Enabling subpages
In, subpages are enabled on a per-namespace basis using . For example, to enable subpages in the main namespace:

Image uploads
Before users are allowed to upload files to the MediaWiki system, you have to enable that feature. Make sure the Upload Directory is properly configured and writeable by the Apache web server process. Then set  to true to allow uploading in the web user interface.

i.e. Here's some example code from includes/DefaultSettings.php to put in :

If you want to be able to resize images on the fly to support thumbnails, MediaWiki needs a working ImageMagick installation. Set  to true once you have installed and tested ImageMagick on your system. Make sure ' points to the proper location of the  command of your installation, that the command is executable by the web server process, and ' is large enough. See for detailed information and trouble-shooting.

Also, you may want to modify the list of accepted extensions, which is stored within :

In case ImageMagick outputs an error message similar to the following:
 * Fatal error: mime_magic could not be initialized, magic file is not available in includes/MimeMagic.php on line 506

then try adding the following line to :

= "file -bi";

Interwiki support
InterWiki support is built into MediaWiki but you need to configure the prefix to be used for your internal links. This prefix is usually the same as, but in case you need to change that, you set the variable to the preferred name.

Language of user interface
MediaWiki allows for a variety of localized user interfaces languages instead of the English default. If you want to run your wiki in a non-English language, set the variable to the proper language code (e.g. "de" for German, "es" for Spanish, etc.)

You may use any of the languages with a file in the directory. E.g. if you find, then you can use   for Spanish. Do not use  with a capital letter. Although it seems to work, not all texts are translated.

Note: After changing the language code, you will need to run a PHP script to make it work. In a terminal window, change to your wiki directory, change to the  folder, and enter. On Windows, the PHP folder might not be in your  environment variable and you'll have to prefix php with the path to the program.

Not all languages are supported. See here for a list of the localisation statistics of. See translatewiki.net for the statistics per released version.

Setting copyright for the site

 *  is the page on the wiki that covers the copyrights that it falls under. Usually, this will be Project:Copyrights.
 *  is the page describing full details of your license. (For the GNU FDL, for example, this would be .)
 *  is the text in the footer that follows "Content is available under". It will be linked to the page specified in.
 *  is the URL of the image placed at the left of the footer.
 * Note: If  is non-empty, the link in the copyright/license notice will link to that page on your site. If   is empty then the copyright/license notice will link to   instead.

To modify the copyright statements of the site, add something like this to :

Afterwards, edit MediaWiki:Copyright to provide an appropriate message, using  to indicate the position where the link to your copyright page will be.

Example: setting a Creative Commons license

To set a Creative Commons license do the following:


 * Choose your license: http://creativecommons.org/choose/
 * Examine the returned HTML code, e.g.:


 * For  enter the href info from the first anchor:
 * For  enter the text the second anchor links from (add the "a" to the Wiki variable for a more grammatically correct version)
 * For  enter the src info from the img link in the first anchor. You want to copy the badge to your own site instead of using the one from the Creative Commons site.


 * For using RDF metadata about copyright add one or both of the following lines to your :

Custom namespaces
By declaring ', and modifying ', and , extra namespaces can be added to a MediaWiki installation; and by declaring the $wgNamespaceAliases array namespace aliases can be added. Take heed not to have any pages already titled in that namespace, for instance in you had a page called "Technical:Support" and you created the Technical: namespace, then that page would not only be lost, but you cannot remove it from Special:Allpages. To fix this delete the namespace, move "Technical:Support" to "Support" in mainspace, delete the redirect, reinsert the namespace, and move it back to "Technical:Support". See Custom namespaces for more information as to how to do so.

Skins
The default skin of the site can be modified via .

См. также

 * source code, which generates the inital contents of  during installation.
 * Wiki families can share the same.
 * Extension:Configure provides a way to set configuration settings from a special page.
 * Manual:Securing database passwords - a guide to securing your database passwords and  file.