Manual:Installing MediaWiki/zh

MediaWiki 可以通过内置的 Web 安装脚本完成安装. 参阅安装要求 和 快速安装指南 获得准备环境来运行安装脚本的详细信息.

如果没有 Apache, PHP 和 MySQL/MariaDB 的使用经验的话，安装 MediaWiki 可能会很吃力. 因此更多的用户可能会考虑使用 MediaWiki 托管服务 或者 预先配置的软件包.

Manual:Errors and Symptoms#Installation Errors 提供了排解一般安装问题的指导.

下载 MediaWiki 软件
前往 下载页面来下载: 对于用于生产环境的一般情况推荐使用当前的稳定版本.

在 *nix 系统上 下载 MediaWiki 当前的稳定版本, 可以通过以下命令完成: wget https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki//mediawiki-.tar.gz 或者使用 cURL:

curl -O https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki//mediawiki-.tar.gz

下载的文件是  格式，所以在使用前需要先从压缩文件中提取. 可以在本地提取并上传到服务器，或者上传压缩包然后在服务器上提取，或者直接在服务器上下载并提取. 在 Windows 上可以使用像 7-Zip 一样的软件来完成. Linux 和 macOS 系统上可以通过这个命令来提取：

tar xvzf mediawiki-*.tar.gz

如果你以 root 用户提取文件，请考虑使用  chown  命令来修改文件的所有者，否则那些文件的所有者会是默认的 #1000.

开发者
为了即时跟踪最近的更改，开发者们请通过 Git 下载来建立本地存储库. 同时需要通过 Composer 安装必要的依赖.

上传文件
If you have not already uploaded the files to your web server, do so now.

Make sure the "Change file names to lowercase" option for upload is disabled.

Upload the files to your web server's web directory either by:


 * 1) directly copying the unzipped folder or
 * 2) by using an FTP client such as FileZilla (Open Source Software, Windows, OSX and Linux) or Cyberduck (OSX).

If you installed Apache, the correct directory is specified in your  file (it's typically  ). Note: This changes in Ubuntu 14.04 with Apache 2.4.7 where the primary config file for Apache server settings and directories is.

If you are using a Linux or Unix server you can instead copy the files to any directory on your server and then make a symbolic link to that folder from your web server's web directory.

Rename the uploaded folder to whatever you would like to have in the URL. If your web server is running as  for example, renaming to   directory would mean you would access your wiki at. Do not use  if you want to use it as a Short URL. (And don't set up short URLs until you have run the installation script.)

Note that in certain cases, like when a local repository is set-up using Git, on browsing to  the Linux server might show the "500 Internal server Error". This is possibly a permissions error which can be resolved on changing the file and directory permissions by running the following command in SSH after changing directory to "w": find. -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \; find. -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;

This (renamed) folder will now be referred as.

创建数据库
If you already have a database server and know the root password for it, the MediaWiki installation script can create a new database for you. If this is the case, you can skip to the Run the installation script section below. If you don't know the root password, for example if you are on a hosted server, you will have to create a new database now. Currently, you must use SQLite, MariaDB/MySQL or PostgreSQL to store the actual contents of your wiki.

SQLite
MediaWiki supports SQLite since version 1.13, however at least 1.16 is highly recommended. SQLite is a stand-alone database library that stores the database contents in a single file. If PHP has the pdo-sqlite module, no further setup is required.

On the installation page, you will need to choose a database name (which can be anything) and the SQLite database directory. For the database directory, the installer will attempt to use a subdirectory outside of the document root and create it if needed. If this directory is not safe (for example, web-readable), change it manually to avoid making it accessible to everyone on the web.

MariaDB/MySQL
MediaWiki will ask you for database and user name and will attempt to create them if they don't already exist. If doing so from MediaWiki is impossible, you can do this using various control panels such as PhpMyAdmin, which are often available from shared hosts, or you may be able to use ssh to login to your host and type the commands into a MySQL prompt. See the corresponding documentation. Alternatively, contact your host provider to have them create an account for you.

Unix/Linux安装

 * 1) 下载并安装MariaDB/MySQL.  Depending on how MariaDB/MySQL was installed on your system the commands ,   and   may need to be amended to include the installation directory of MariaDB/MySQL (for example, by adding   in front of them).
 * 2) 检查并看看数据库服务器是否正在运行，比如，运行 .   If it is not, run mysqld_safe to start it:.
 * 3) * Another way to initially start the MariaDB/MySQL server is to run the configure script available at the root of the installation. It creates the initial tables and automatically starts the MariaDB/MySQL daemon.
 * 4) * Alternatively you can start the MariaDB/MySQL daemon with systemd using: . You may also wish to enable the   service with , so that the MySQL service is started automatically on startup.
 * 5) Set a password for the "root" account on your database server.
 * 6) Run the MariaDB/MySQL command-line client:
 * 7) This will prompt for the "root" database password you just set, then connect to the MariaDB/MySQL server. Now, continue with the SQL commands below.

Windows系统安装

 * 1) 下载MySQL msi（比如mysql-5.5.22-winx64.msi）
 * 2) 打开msi文件并同意所有默认值. 当你创建根账户时，使用一个你能够记住的密码.
 * 3) 打开 开始(start)->所有项目(All Programs)->MySQL->MySQL Server->MySQL Command Line Client
 * 4) 输入你刚创建的根密码
 * 5) Now continue with the instructions below

安装完成
If your database is not running on the same server as your web server, you need to give the appropriate web server hostname -- mediawiki.example.com in my example -- as follows:

MySQL/MariaDB on UNIX/Linux logs all queries sent to it to a file, which will include the password you used for the user account. If this concerns you, delete your  file after running these queries. This file may be found in your home directory.

PostgreSQL
If you are using PostgreSQL, you will need to either have a database and user created for you, or simply supply the name of a PostgreSQL user with "superuser" privileges to the configuration form. Often, this is the database user named postgres.

Here's one way to do most of the setup. This is for a Unix-like system. In this example, we'll create a database named wikidb, owned by a user named wikiuser. From the command-line, as the postgres user, perform the following steps.

createuser -S -D -R -P -E wikiuser (then enter the password) createdb -O wikiuser wikidb

or as superuser (default postgres) execute the following commands at the database prompt:

CREATE USER wikiuser WITH NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE NOSUPERUSER ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'password'; CREATE DATABASE wikidb WITH OWNER wikiuser;

Beware of the list of known issues when running MediaWiki with PostgreSQL.

启动安装脚本
Once all of the above steps are complete, you can complete the installation through a web browser by going to the index.php URI in your browser -- check the instructions mentioned in Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Config script.

If needed, you can run the command-line installer or CLI:.

MediaWiki 1.16 and earlier needed to be able to write to the  directory when it ran its installation script. 这个不再要求.

保持最新
Subscribe to our release announcements mailing list.

Once installed, make sure you stay up to date with releases, and keep your server secure!

Installation assistance

 * FAQ: FAQ
 * mediawiki-l (Mailing List) is the high-traffic mailing list to ask for support

另见

 * Manual:Page customizations lists wiki pages that MediaWiki messages link to, you need to create these pages or edit the messages.
 * Manual:Configuring MediaWiki for links to more advanced configuration.
 * Manual:Short URL for having more user-friendly URL to article pages.
 * Manual:Wiki family to set up multiple instances of MediaWiki with single set of MediaWiki files.