Manual:Job queue/cs

V MediaWiki 1.6 byla zavedena fronta úloh (job queue), která provádí asynchronně dlouhodobé úkoly. Fronta úloh je navržena tak, aby pojala mnoho krátkých úloh pomocí dávkového zpracování.

Nastavení
Ve výchozím nastavení jsou úlohy spouštěny na konci webové žádosti. Pokud je to možné, doporučujeme vám toto výchozí chování zakázat nastavením na   a namísto toho naplánovat spuštění úloh zcela na pozadí pomocí příkazového řádku. Například můžete použít cron ke spuštění úloh každý den o půlnoci zadáním následujícího do souboru crontab:

Jednoduché spuštění úloh
Máte-li přístup k shellu a máte možnost vytvářet iniciační skripty, můžete vytvořit jednoduchou službu pro spouštění úloh, jakmile budou k dispozici a také je omezit, aby se zabránilo tomu, aby běh úlohy monopolizoval prostředky CPU serveru:

Vytvořte bash skript, například za :

V závislosti na rychlosti serveru a zatížení, které zpracovává, můžete upravit počet úloh, které se mají spustit v každém cyklu, a počet sekund, které se mají v každém cyklu čekat.

Vytvořte spustitelný skript.

Pokud používáte systemd, vytvořte novou servisní jednotku vytvořením souboru. Změňte parametr  na uživatele, který spouští PHP na vašem webovém serveru:

Povolte jej a spusťte jej pomocí těchto příkazů:

Provedení úlohy na žádostech o stránky
Ve výchozím nastavení je na konci každé webové žádosti odebrána z fronty úloh jedna úloha a provedena. Toto chování je řízeno konfigurační proměnnou. Pokud nastavíte tuto proměnnou na, spustí se úloha při každém požadavku. Nastavení této proměnné na  zakáže provádění úloh během webových požadavků úplně, takže můžete místo toho spustit  ručně nebo periodicky z příkazového řádku.

Pokud je to povolené, budou úlohy prováděny otevřením soketu a provedením interního požadavku HTTP na neuvedenou speciální stránku: Speciální: RunJobs. Viz také část asynchronous.

Problém s výkonem
Pokud je výkonnost při spouštění úloh na každém webovém požadavku příliš velká, ale z příkazového řádku nemůžete spustit úlohy, můžete jej snížit na číslo mezi   a. To znamená, že úloha provede průměrně každou  žádost.

Ruční nastavení
Existuje také způsob, jak frontu úloh vyprázdnit ručně, například po změně šablony, která se nachází na mnoha stránkách. Jednoduše spusťte servisní skript. For example:

Asynchronous
The configuration variable has been added to force the execution of jobs synchronously, in scenarios where making an internal HTTP request for job execution is not wanted.

When running jobs asynchronously, it will open an internal HTTP connection for handling the execution of jobs, and will return the contents of the page immediately to the client without waiting for the job to complete. Otherwise, the job will be executed in the same process and the client will have to wait until the job is completed. When the job does not run asynchronously, if a fatal error occurs during job execution, it will propagate to the client, aborting the load of the page.

Note that even if $wgRunJobsAsync is set to true, if PHP can't open a socket to make the internal HTTP request, it will fallback to the synchronous job execution. However, there are a variety of situations where this internal request may fail, and jobs won't be run, without falling back to the synchronous job execution. Starting with MediaWiki 1.28.1 and 1.27.2, $wgRunJobsAsync now defaults to false.

Deferred updates
The deferred updates mechanism was introduced in MediaWiki 1.23 and received major changes during MediaWiki 1.27 and 1.28. It allows the execution of some features at the end of the request, when all the content has been sent to the browser, instead of queuing it in the job, which would otherwise be executed potentially some hours later. The goal of this alternate mechanism is mainly to speed up the main MediaWiki requests, and at the same time execute some features as soon as possible at the end of the request.

Some deferrable updates can be both deferrable updates and jobs, if specified as such.

Changes in MediaWiki 1.22
In, the job queue execution on each page request was changed so, instead of executing the job inside the same PHP process that's rendering the page, a new PHP cli command is spawned to execute  in the background. It will only work if is set to an actual path or safe mode is off, otherwise, the old method will be used.

This new execution method could cause some problems:


 * If is set to an incompatible version of PHP (e.g.: an outdated version) jobs may fail to run (fixed in 1.23).
 * PHP  restrictions are in effect, and  is disallowed (, fixed in 1.23).
 * Performance: even if the job queue is empty, the new PHP process is started anyway (, fixed in 1.23).
 * Sometimes the spawning PHP process cause the server or only the CLI process to hang due to stdout and stderr descriptors not properly redirected (, fixed in 1.22)
 * It does not work for shared code (wiki farms), because it doesn't pass additional required parameters to runJobs.php to identify the wiki that's running the job (, fixed in 1.23)
 * Normal shell limits like, and  are enforced on the runJobs.php process that's being executed in the background.

There's no way to revert to the old on-request job queue handling, besides setting to , for example, which may cause other problems. It can be disabled completely by setting, but jobs will no longer run on page requests, and you must explicitly run runJobs.php to periodically run pending jobs.

Changes in MediaWiki 1.23
In MediaWiki 1.23, the 1.22 execution method is abandoned, and jobs are triggered by MediaWiki making an HTTP connection to itself.

It was first designed as an API entry point but later changed to be the unlisted special page Special:RunJobs.

While it solves various bugs introduced in 1.22, it still requires loading a lot of PHP classes in memory on a new process to execute a job, and also makes a new HTTP request that the server must handle.

Changes in MediaWiki 1.27
In MediaWiki 1.25 and MediaWiki 1.26, use of would sometimes cause jobs not to get run if the wiki has custom   configuration. This was fixed in MediaWiki 1.27.

Changes in MediaWiki 1.28
Between MediaWiki 1.23 and MediaWiki 1.27, use of would cause jobs not to get run on if MediaWiki requests are for a server name or protocol that does not match the currently configured server name one (e.g. when supporting both HTTP and HTTPS, or when MediaWiki is behind a reverse proxy that redirects to HTTPS). This was fixed in MediaWiki 1.28.

Changes in MediaWiki 1.29
In MediaWiki 1.27.0 to 1.27.3 and 1.28.0 to 1.28.2, when is set to a value greater than 0, an error like the one below may appear in error logs, or on the page:

PHP Notice: JobQueueGroup::__destruct: 1 buffered job(s) never inserted

As a result of this error, certain updates may fail in some cases, like category members not being updated on category pages, or recent changes displaying edits of deleted pages - even if you manually run to clear the job queue. It has been reported as a bug and was solved in 1.27.4 and 1.28.3.

Updating links tables when a template changes
When a template changes, MediaWiki adds a job to the job queue for each article transcluding that template. Each job is a command to read an article, expand any templates, and update the link table accordingly. Previously, the host articles would remain outdated until either their parser cache expires or until a user edits the article.

HTML cache invalidation
A wider class of operations can result in invalidation of the HTML cache for a large number of pages:


 * Changing an image (all the thumbnails have to be re-rendered, and their sizes recalculated)
 * Deleting a page (all the links to it from other pages need to change from blue to red)
 * Creating or undeleting a page (like above, but from red to blue)
 * Changing a template (all the pages that transclude the template need updating)

Except for template changes, these operations do not invalidate the links tables, but they do invalidate the HTML cache of all pages linking to that page, or using that image. Invalidating the cache of a page is a short operation; it only requires updating a single database field and sending a multicast packet to clear the caches. But if there are more than about 1000 to do, it takes a long time. By default, one job is added per 300 operations (see )

Note, however, that even if purging the cache of a page is a short operation, reparsing a complex page that is not in the cache may be expensive, specially if a highly used template is edited and causes lots of pages to be purged in a short period of time and your wiki has lots of concurrent visitors loading a wide spread of pages. This can be mitigated by reducing the number of pages purged in a short period of time, by reducing to a small number (20, for example) and also set  for   to a low number (5, for example).

Audio and video transcoding
When using TimedMediaHandler to process local uploads of audio and video files, the job queue is used to run the potentially very slow creation of derivative transcodes at various resolutions/formats.

These are not suitable for running on web requests -- you will need a background runner.

It's recommended to set up separate runners for the  and   job types if possible. These two queues process different subsets of files -- the first for high resolution HD videos, and the second for lower-resolution videos and audio files which process more quickly.

Typical values
During a period of low load, the job queue might be zero. At Wikimedia, the job queue is, in practice, almost never zero. In off-peak hours, it might be a few hundred to a thousand. During a busy day, it might be a few million, but it can quickly fluctuate by 10% or more.

Special:Statistics
Up to MediaWiki 1.16, the job queue value was shown on Special:Statistics. However, since 1.17 (75272) it's been removed, and can be seen now with :

The number of jobs returned in the API result may be slightly inaccurate when using MySQL, which estimates the number of jobs in the database. This number can fluctuate based on the number of jobs that have recently been added or deleted. For other databases that do not support fast result-size estimation, the actual number of jobs is given.