Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions/it





Come si attiva o disattiva Vector 2022?


Come faccio a disattivarlo o attivarlo solo per me, su uno o più wiki Wikimedia?
Prima di tutto, verifica di essere connesso. Gli utenti non loggati non possono cambiare tema.

Vedi anche:
 * Perché li chiamiamo così: Vector 2022 e Vector Legacy?



Perché il link per disattivarlo non è disponibile per gli utenti non connessi?
Ciò è dovuto alla capacità limitata dei nostri server. Gli utenti non connessi possono usare delle estensioni per il browser che permettano loro di personalizzare la propria interfaccia, o crearsi un account.

Vedi anche:


 * Perché gli utenti anonimi non hanno le preferenze?



Come si fa a ottenere Vector 2022 di default per tutti sul mio wiki Wikimedia di riferimento?
Contattaci. Presenteremo il progetto alla tua comunità e inizieremo a discuterne.



Come posso attivarlo sul mio proprio wiki personale ?
Se vuoi vedere i nostri cambiamenti,


 * 1) Assicurati di aver scaricato
 * 2) Aggiungi le seguenti linee al tuo :

Siamo lieti di sapere che apprezzi le nostre migliorie!



Come si fa a personalizzare Vector 2022?


Perché non permettete di scegliere tra diverse versioni delle funzionalità come preferenze?
Sarebbe troppo complicato da mantenere e sviluppare.

Ogni preferenza è come un incrocio in cui gli utenti possono scegliere tra diverse opzioni. Molte scelte comportano molte combinazioni. Le preferenze ci impegnerebbero per tutte le combinazioni, ne saremmo responsabili. Dovremmo mantenerle e in aggiunta, nel caso della messa a punto di nuove funzionalità, dovremmo verificare che le funzionalità siano compatibili con tutte le combinazioni possibili. Non possiamo permettercelo.

Invece, diamo alle comunità l'opportunità di creare gadget, scipt utente e configurazioni personalizzate. Come al solito, forniamo un ambiente propizio alla creatività dal basso, ed aiutiamo gli utenti con competenze tecniche a mantenere il loro codice.

Vedi anche: 
 * Farne una preferenza dell'utente

Perché non ci sono le preferenze per gli utenti anonimi?
Le preferenze per gli utenti anonimi renderebbero le pagine troppo lente da caricare.

La maggior parte del traffico viene dagli utenti anonimi. Per gestirlo, utilizziamo delle specie di "cache dei server" che salvano e inviano solo delle "istantanee" delle pagine web. Queste "istantanee" possono risalire fino a 7 giorni prima, rimpiazzano le pagine web generate sul momento e sono le stesse per tutti gli utenti non loggati. Questo ci permette di caricare le pafine velocemente.

Le preferenze richiederebbero di generare diverse versioni delle pagine web. Offire questa possibilità agli utenti non loggati sovraccaricherebbe i nostri server. Non vogliamo farlo anche perché abbiamo bisogno di ridurre la frammentazione della cache.

The only possible way of providing preferences for logged-out users now is making the settings load always after the page. This takes much more time to load and looks odd. For example, if a logged-out user was to see the dark mode in action, then immediately after loading each page, they would first see the light interface for a short moment, and then the interface would become dark.

For context, the only reason we have preferences for logged-in users is we don't serve the "snapshots" to them. And this is because traffic coming from logged-in users is small.

Vedi anche:


 * How a new data center in Singapore is helping people access Wikipedia around the globe
 * Building DReaMeRS: How and why we opened a datacenter in France
 * Perché la performance è importante

What do you do for editors who need specific tools and features?

 * We contact volunteers with technical skills to ensure backward compatibility. We ask them to check the code they have written, and offer help if the code needs changes.
 * We make it possible to configure and personalize our changes. We are happy to work with volunteers with technical skills who would like to create new gadgets and user scripts.
 * We do not replace the work of volunteers with technical skills. In principle, we do not make edits to templates or create new gadgets, but can advise when necessary.

Do you fix gadgets which aren't working with your changes?
Dipende.

We help volunteers fix gadgets and user scripts. Sometimes, we fix these ourselves. But in general, we work on MediaWiki itself. Gadgets and user scripts are written and maintained by volunteers. By the nature, these are always less stable and predictable.

If you are unsure on how to fix an issue with a script or gadget – contact us! We'll do our best to give advice on potential fixes.

Vedi anche:


 * Bar tecnico su Meta-Wiki – Puoi chiedere supporto anche qui
 * User:Jdlrobson/Extension:Gadget/Policy – a proposed policy on the roles and responsibilities related to gadgets and user scripts

What CSS classes should be used to customize Vector 2022?

 * for both skins
 * for Legacy Vector
 * for Vector 2022

How to restore the full width?
To reclaim further space at the page edges, add the following CSS code to your global.css:

Vedi anche:


 * Modifiche a Vector 2022: nuovi gadget e script utente



Come disattivare gli elementi fissi?
Aggiungi il codice CSS seguente al tuo global.css:


 * Header – aggiungi
 * Indice – aggiungi



Come ripristinare l'indice all'interno del box del contenuto
Utilizza il codice JavaScript seguente:

Note, the table of contents will not look like the old table of contents. Additional CSS will be required for that, if necessary.



Come ripristinare la numerazione dell'indice
Aggiungi il codice CSS contenuto al seguente link al tuo global.css:

User:Jdlrobson/vector-2022/tocNumbering.css



Come fare in modo che le lingue appaiano in cima alla Pagina principale?

 * 1) Chiedi alla tua comunità se è d'accordo ad avere un'intestazione sulla pagina principale del wiki. (Vedi anche la spiegazione del perché è una buona idea)
 * 2) L'intestazione apparirà in Vector 2010, Minerva, Timeless e Vector 2022. Non apparirà in Monobook.
 * 3) L'intestazione può essere configurata modificando MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin per gli utenti connessi e MediaWiki:Mainpage-title per gli utenti non connessi. Per gli utenti connessi su mobile, si usa MediaWiki:wikimedia-mobile-mainpage-title-loggedin. Scopri di più sulla configurazione dell'intestazione della pagina principale.
 * 4) Prova a vedere che aspetto ha la Pagina principale con il pulsante in cima, aggiungendo il parametro   alla fine dell'url. Guarda l'[esempio della Wikipedia in islandese. Puoi notare che la Wikipedia in islandese non ha configurato l'intestazione, quindi appare solo il pulsante delle lingue.
 * 5) Contattaci per chiederci di spostare il pulsante in cima alla pagina.
 * 6) Cambieremo le impostazioni per il tuo wiki.
 * 7) Una volta fatto, il pulsante sarà visibile in cima alla pagina con Vector 2022. Per quanto riguarda gli altri temi, la lista dei collegamenti interlinguistici si troverà al solito posto, quello di default su ciascun tema.



Come ripristinare il vecchio menu utente?
Attualmente non è possibile farlo.



Come si fa a cambiare temporaneamente il logo con un altro?
Il logo di Vector 2022 si compone di tre elementi, ciascuno dei quali è modificabile in maniera indipendente tramite il CSS.
 * Per cambiare l'immagine dell' icona (per esempio il globo di Wikipedia):
 * Per cambiare il logotipo (per esempio la parola "Wikipedia"):
 * Per cambiare la tagline (per esempio le parole "L'enciclopedia libera"):

Contatti


Come faccio a contattare il team?
Scegli tra le seguenti possibiltà:
 * Pagina di discussione del progetto (puoi scrivere in qualsiasi lingua)
 * Task su Phabricator usando il tag del progetto delle Migliorie all'IU desktop
 * Contatta il nostro Community Relations Specialist: SGrabarczuk (WMF) sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org
 * Contatta uno dei nostri ambasciatori:
 * Ambasciatrice per le lingue francese e italiano: Patafisik (WMF) patafisik-ctr@wikimedia.org
 * Ambasciatrice per la lingua spagnola: Zapipedia (WMF) izapico-ctr@wikimedia.org
 * Ambasciatrice per la lingua vietnamita: Bluetpp (WMF) ppham-ctr@wikimedia.org
 * Ambasciatore in lingua persiana: Mehran (WMF) mehran@wikimedia.org

<span id="How_can_I_follow_your_activities?">

¿Come posso essere al corrente di quello che fate?

 * Iscriviti alla nostra newsletter. Al posto dei messaggi in pagina di discussione utente riceverai delle notifiche rispetto agli aggiornamenti.
 * Metti tra gli osservati speciali le nostre pagine degli Aggiornamenti e di discussione con il Web Team.

<span id="Do_you_host_or_attend_online_meetings?">

Organizzate o partecipate a incontri on line?
Certo!

Organizziamo incontro on line aperti con le comunità (office hours). Durante questi incontri, Olga (la nostra product manager) presenta gli ultimi sviluppi. Alla fine, i membri della comunità possono fare domande riguardo al progetto.

Siamo anche disponibili a ricevere inviti da aprte delle comunità per partecipare ad eventi on line. Può trattarsi di incontri locali, nazionali o internazionali.



<span id="What_are_Vector_2022_and_the_Desktop_Improvements?">

Cosa sono Vector 2022 e le migliorie all'IU desktop?
<span id="Is_this_a_redesign?">

Si tratta di a riprogettazione?
No.

Un restyling vero e proprio sarebbe un singolo cambiamento maggiore che avrebbe effetto sul funzionamento del sito stesso. Nel caso di questo progetto abbiamo apportato una serie di cambiamenti individuali. Ogni funzionalità è stata trattata come un piccolo progetto indipendente. Alla fine, queste funzionalità sono state riunite insieme da una stessa identità visiva a livello di design.

<span id="What_is_the_timeline_of_this_project?">

Qual è la timeline di questo progetto?
Abbiamo lavorato su Vector 2022 (all'inizio conosciuto come il Vector moderno) fin dal 2019. Between early 2020 and mid-2022, we were building and releasing different features on "early adopter" wikis. (You can read more about that in the answer to the question below, points 2–4.)

We have finished that part. Vector 2022 isn't "beta" anymore. Currently, we inform about our intention to introduce Vector 2022 on more wikis. By the end of March 2023, we hope that Vector 2022 would be the default skin across almost all Wikimedia wikis.

Why do you use the word Improvements?
Because we have data indicating that the changes are for the better: See also:
 * 1) We identified problems through research with both readers and editors. During this phase, in 2019, we studied the way people used the sites and identified the largest usability issues. We also identified issues to exploring the site further, becoming more engaged with reading or editing. We did this by interviewing readers and editors across multiple countries, locations, and languages. See: Research and design: Phase 1, Research and design: Phase 2.
 * 2) We built and tested prototypes. We built out the ideas of each feature and began showing them to the users. Each feature was tested with readers and editors through interviews and wider rounds of prototype testing. For testing with editors, we used central notice banners. We displayed them across multiple language and Wikimedia projects so that we can get a wide and diverse audience. Each prototype was tested by approximately 200 editors on average. (Example)
 * 3) We refined and built our features. We took the feedback from the prototype testing and refined or changed the prototypes accordingly. In some cases, we asked for additional feedback to ensure we're making the right decisions.
 * 4) We contacted various wikis asking to join the early adopters ("pilot wikis"). This was the "beta" phase. On these wikis, we performed quantitative tests for whether each feature worked as expected.
 * 5) We performed A/B testing on logged-in users. Unfortunately, we are not able to perform these on logged-out users. This is why we make before and after comparisons.
 * 6) When we had the test results, we compared the results with the criteria of success we had previously defined. When we got negative results from our test, we changed the feature and test again.
 * 7) Since this phase, we have also monitored usage across all wikis, where many account holders have already been using Vector 2022.
 * An encyclopedic article: Iterative and incremental development
 * A blog post: The iterative design of the Vector interface: the case of moving interlingual links

On which wikis have you tested these changes?
The pilot wikis where we have been testing Vector 2022 have been:

In aggiunta:
 * Wiki Office
 * 
 * wiki MediaWiki
 * wiki della Wikimedia Foundation Governance
 * wiki Collab
 * wiki Strategy

Why do you use this naming: Vector 2022 and legacy Vector?
The new skin is a continuation of many of the ideas in the original Vector skin. It is being built using the code the Vector skin uses. We wanted to maintain functional and visual continuity. Everything built and meant for legacy Vector should be working with our changes, or can be configured to do so fairly easily.

The version built in 2010 and developed until 2019 has been frozen. In other words, we will keep and maintain it, but will not be building new features for it.

We use the name Vector 2022 for purely technical reasons. This name marks when the new Vector was available to third-party wikis as a new skin. (Third parties mean those who install MediaWiki).

On each wiki, the skin name can be overriden by changing MediaWiki:Skinname-vector-2022. However, this may cause confusion since it won't change the associated skin key that is used for site and user styles.

See also:
 * What CSS classes should be used to customize Vector 2022?

Will you remove legacy Vector?
No.

Legacy Vector will continue to be available as an option in Preferences, similar to other skins that have been default in the past, such as Monobook.



Are these changes made for readers, and not for editors?
Not exactly.

Our team (Web) works on the reading (viewing) experience on desktop and mobile browsers. Those who both view and edit, and those who view but do not edit, are one large group of the interface users. We work for all of them, bearing in mind that new and advanced editors have specific needs.

The goal of this project is to improve the reading experience on desktop without making editing more difficult.

That said, our movement strategy recommendations implore us to improve our user experience in an inclusive manner. In this spirit, the project has a specific goal of ensuring the free knowledge grows equitably in the future. When building, we made sure to collect the voices of readers from different demographics and geographies. We also wanted to make their opinions a focus when defining what we were to work on, and evaluating whether a given idea was able to satisfy their needs.

See also:
 * What do you do to ensure that the change is not half-finished?
 * What do you do for editors who need specific tools and features?
 * Past projects of the Web team

What tools are the Foundation building for editors?
At the Foundation, there are other teams working on projects dedicated specifically to editors. Among them, there are:
 * Community Tech – working on projects selected by the communities during the Community Wishlist Survey
 * Editing – working on the discussion tools
 * Growth – working on the Newcomer experience project
 * Moderator Tools – focusing on the moderation needs of medium-sized Wikimedia projects
 * Anti-Harassment Tools – working on tools for administrators, anti-vandalism patrollers

Do your changes have a negative effect on the editing statistics?
No.

We collect statistics of the editing activity on all wikis. Compared to wikis with Vector legacy (2010) as the default, on wikis with Vector 2022 as the default, there are no negative differences.

Do your changes make it more difficult to explore the community side of the wikis?
No.

Readers and new editors are intimidated by large numbers of links, options, and ways of exploring the editing (in other words, the community) side of the Wikimedia projects. This is a finding of our research.

We want more users to join the communities. We do this by limiting the number of the unhidden links, and bringing additional focus on the most relevant ones. All this is done in collaboration with the Growth and Editing teams.

See also:
 * Core Experiences
 * UX Myth #12: More choices and features result in higher satisfaction

Are you focused on Wikipedia articles?
Yes.

Wikipedia articles, as a whole, have the most part of the viewership and readership compared to other namespaces on Wikipedia or any other projects. We also make adjustments to pages from other namespaces and special pages. Pages which we have made special adjustments and configurations for include: main pages, pages specific to some sister projects, special pages, the 2010 wikitext editor, the 2017 wikitext editor, and the Visual Editor.

We have also been working with the Editing team to ensure that the work they are doing for talk pages aligns with our work, and that special configurations for talk pages are put in place.

Have you been mindful of sister projects?
Yes!

We aim to change the basic elements of the interface. Most features work on the sister projects just as well as they improve Wikipedia. We have made sure to test and build for different sister projects from the beginning of the project. We still make adjustments to the default features where necessary.

Non-Wikipedia projects, such as French Wiktionary, were also a part of our partner communities since 2020. We ensured we have had direct communication and feedback from them.

Regarding the adjustments, for example, on Wikisource, the limited width does not apply to the Page namespace provided by the Proofread Page extension.

Are you focused on English Wikipedia?
No.

We take into account the needs of various communities and test our changes across 30+ languages. We are also inspired by the interface and gadgets built on various wikis, for example Korean and Vietnamese Wikipedias.

What do you do to ensure that the change would work on my wiki?

 * Research we make is relevant to all wikis and includes voices from many different languages and projects.
 * We gather and incorporate feedback from the communities. Most issues are relevant to all wikis.
 * How we adjust our changes to sister projects – go to "Have you been mindful of sister projects?"
 * What is our approach to gadgets – go "What do you do for editors who need specific tools and features?"

What do you do to ensure that the change is not half-finished?
We make tweaks both before and after we introduce the changes on wikis to make sure they are up to the needs for individual communities. If you think your community would benefit from more adjustments and gadgets, see:


 * What do you do for editors who need specific tools and features?
 * How to customize Vector 2022?

After making these changes on all wikis, we will work on projects related to Desktop Improvements.

Have your changes been tested on users with disabilities?
Yes. We are working with the American Foundation for the Blind. We are asking various questions related to the accessibility of Vector 2022. See more on Phabricator.

Will the wikis be less accessible for users with slow Internet connection?
No.

We want to keep the new skin similarly code-heavy to legacy Vector.

See also:


 * How can I get both the old and the new table of contents?

Are the changes inspired by mobile design?
No.

These changes are created specifically for desktop interfaces. All research and testing done for this project has been focused on desktop users only. We have, however, considered the experiences of people who use desktop in narrower screens (for example, if you have two tabs open side by side).

At this time, we do not have plans to merge the desktop and mobile experiences.

Will the new interface be responsive?
We've been working towards that goal, but it's not an official goal of the project.

If you want to make the interface responsive now and you're using Wikimedia wikis, add the following to your global.js:

If your community would like this to be the default, please start a conversation on your wiki, and contact us when consensus is reached. We can then make the change.

Will you build a dedicated setting for high resolutions?
We don't have plans to build a specific setting at this time. We want the experience to be optimized for the majority of users, while still providing the tools necessary at all resolutions. We believe the current version of the new skin does this successfully. That said, we encourage personal customization!

See also:


 * What do you do for editors who need specific tools and features?



Why have you replaced the area used for content by an empty space?
Reading efficiently is crucial to most people using our projects. Our goal here is to improve the readability of the content. There are several factors that affect it – i.e. font size, contrast, font, line length, and empty space.


 * Shorter lines
 * 1) When reading short lines, readers don't move their eyes too much, use the eye's muscles less intensively, thus avoiding eye strain.
 * 2) Narrow paragraphs allow readers to memorize new information better.
 * 3) On websites, there should be between 35 and 100 characters per line. Numbers closer to the smaller end are preferred.
 * 4) The overwhelming number of major websites have similar limitations on content width. For example: academic journals like Nature, news websites like The New York Times, government and intergovernmental websites like the United Nations, academic documents like LaTeX, and word processors like Google Docs and Etherpad.


 * Empty (white) space


 * 1) White space is used for the eyes' resting spots. It helps readers over the age of 60 focus on content and increases content comprehension by 20%.
 * 2) People are able to focus more easily without the distraction of sidebars or other elements.
 * 3) We are using some of this space for other functionality. We have made the sidebar sticky, and have placed the table of contents next to the content. Also, limiting the content area gives us new options for the more distant future. Community members have suggested to put infoboxes, images, or references there. As a separate project, we will consider ways of using this space.

See also:


 * UX Myth #28: White space is wasted space

Why can’t we leave it for readers to narrow their browser windows down?
Most users don't resize their browser windows or use browser plugins to improve the design of the websites they view. Wikis should be good-looking immediately, in their basic form.

Some tables and templates don’t fit within the limited width
We should make sure that all of our content is as responsive as possible to accommodate all visitors. A large percentage of our users, who don’t have large screens and are accessing Wikipedia from their laptops, already had issues with tables and templates even before the change.

Why don’t you just make it a setting?
We want it to be default. We are building a common experience that is shared between editors and readers. This could be helpful to editors when making decisions about page layouts. Currently an editor might be editing a page at a width of 1500px, while a reader reads it at a width of 1200px. By implementing a limited width, we don’t remove this discrepancy (because there would still be variation below the max-width, for people with narrower screens), however we would be greatly limiting the range of variation.

Why couldn't the list of language links stay in the sidebar?
Because from the readers' perspective, the sidebar is not a place for useful links. Most readers focus on the content area. Links in the sidebar are practically hidden from their sight.

Also, we need to promote the variety of language versions of Wikimedia projects.

For more than 15 years, the list has been displayed in the sidebar. The most active users have developed muscle memory to look for that list in that place. This is why in the sidebar, we have placed a box with information about the language button being displayed in a new place.

Will the Wikidata links be closer to the list of language links?
Yes.

"", "", and "" will eventually be part of the menu activated by the language switching button ("language menu"). This is a task for the Language engineering team.

How to fix the coordinates displaying incorrectly near the languages button?
For those who prefer a working example, details on how this was fixed for English Wikipedia can be found here: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281974#8869238.

Consider pages which use page status indicators, pages which have banners or site notices, and the look of the pages at lower resolutions.

Why doesn't the button with language links appear at the top of the main page?
We have discovered that readers focus on the content page and ignore the sidebar. They will be more likely to switch between languages if the button with the language links appears at the top of the page, next to the heading.

On many wikis, headings on main pages are hidden. This is why the button with language links isn't displayed next to it. Instead, it's at the bottom of the main pages. It is possible to make it appear at the top, though.

See also:
 * How to make the button with language links appear at the top of the main page?

Why doesn't the table of contents work well on my mobile device or when I resize the browser?
Users on mobile and resized browsers account for a small fraction of page traffic. Because of this, we chose to build the feature for the majority of our users first. For narrow screens we plan to make the table of contents available as a sticky interface element that's accessible from anywhere in the page.

Note what is displayed to mobile devices differs from what you see when you resize your browser. On mobile devices, the site is currently presented as a zoomed out version of the desktop site.

Why doesn't it appear when I complete an edit?
The feature is still in development (T307251). This will be fixed before we make Vector 2022 the default on more wikis.

Is it possible to change the label indicating the top of the page? ("")
Yes.

This label should be distinct from the content headings. To do that, wikis written in different scripts (for example, Latin and Japanese) and different Wikimedia projects (Wikipedia and Wiktionary) may need to use different words and/or punctuation marks in this label. It is possible for each community to set up a label that would work just for them. This may be done by editing the page MediaWiki:Vector-toc-beginning.

How can I get both the old and the new table of contents?
This isn't possible.

We intentionally do not add the old table of contents in addition to the new sidebar location. It's a trade off. We have taken it to reduce the work involved maintaining the code and keeping the site work as well as possible. The old table of contents displayed in addition to the new one would have important technical disadvantages. It would increase the overall size of HTML, increase the storage requirement for our parser cache, and require additional CSS to render.

See also:


 * How to restore the old table of contents

How do magic words work with this feature?
The  and   magic words will not work as the table of contents is always in the sidebar and this cannot be changed.

However, magic words relating to the presence of the table of contents, such as, will continue to work. So will templates which then create an alternate ToC. For example, an article can disable the default ToC and apply its own if necessary.

All magic words will continue to work for other skins which render the ToC within the article.

I can't see the table of contents when the sidebar is open
This is a known problem.

This issue should only impact logged in users who have opened the sidebar. In the long term, we plan to reduce the size of this menu, and make the sidebar overlay content. Details and a prototype of how that will look can be found in T302073. This change is planned in the latter part of the year (October-December 2022). Further information can be found on the page about Page tools.

Are you changing Monobook or Timeless?
No.

These changes are applied to Vector only. Vector has been the default interface on Wikimedia wikis since 2010. Any other skins such as Monobook, Timeless, Minerva or Modern are not be changed at all.

While working on Desktop Improvements, we did clean up the old skins' code, though. We made it easier to roll out new changes to old skins, removed never used options, and removed 75% of the PHP code of these skins. All this had no effect on the side users interact with.

See also:


 * How and why we moved our skins to Mustache

Are you improving charts, maps, a-/f-/o-/tmboxes, infoboxes, navboxes, and other templates?
No.

We do not change anything within the light gray article content area (except for the table of contents):

Are you building the dark mode?
No, not this time.

The Desktop Improvements project provides the architectural changes needed to build dark mode. Building it would be a separate project, though. This is because that project would require significant work with the communities. Now, many templates are not compatible with dark mode. We have learned that while working on the mobile apps.

Initially, our dark mode would be based on the user's operating system preferences. We would not plan to add an in-browser toggle. The reason is we currently do not have a system in place for anonymous user preferences. This could be added at a later date, though.

What are the features' success metrics?
Increase utility among our existing audiences, proxied by:


 * Interactions
 * Increase searches per session by 5% over the course of the project
 * Increase language switching per project by 5% over the course of the project


 * Affinity
 * Increase in positive and welcoming sentiments towards the site (via surveys and user testing)
 * Increase in sentiments of trust and credibility (measured via surveys and user testing)

As we define the changes we want to make with more specificity, we will expand and iterate on this list.