Manual:Preventing access/ja

利用者権限の詳細情報は、 を参照してください. このページではアクセス権の制限に役立つ事例を提供します.

ほとんどの事例は MediaWiki 設定ファイル  の変更を伴います. 効力を発揮させるには、 に追加するコードのスニペットには説明を添えないでください. ファイルにさらに1、2行を追加したい場合は、以下の手順に従います.


 * 1) ファイル末尾に   が記述されている場合は、除去.  不用であり、残しておくと状況によっては障害の原因になるため.
 * 2) テキストエディタを用いて、ファイル末尾に追加する行を加筆する.  追加部分の上部もしくは下部に空行があっても問題はありません.  ただしWindows Notepad は使えません. 自動的に「バイト順マーク」 (BOM) を追加してしまい、ファイルの正確な読み取りを阻害する場合があるからです.  BOM 障害の典型例としてページの白紙化、すでに送信済みのヘッダ行のエラーなどがあげられます.  BOM の削除作業には、ファイル編集にバイナリエディタを使う必要があります.  Windows ワードパッドとNotepad++ならほぼ問題ありません.  BOM 除去には Vimというテキストエディタでファイルを開き、「:set nobomb」と入力してから保存するという方法もあります.  If you're using a Mac, TextEdit will also do the job.

For more detailed information on editing, read.

Simple private wiki
For the common use case of "a private wiki, for oneself and approved others", you need to:


 * Restrict viewing
 * Restrict editing
 * Restrict account creation

Depending on what extensions you have installed, you may want to whitelist more pages. For example if you are using the extension, you probably want Special:RequestAccount whitelisted. If the content language of your wiki is not English, you may have to use the translated name of the special pages in question.

Restrict account creation
To restrict account creation, you need to edit LocalSettings.php in the root path of your MediaWiki installation.


 * 1) Go to, when logged in as a sysop.
 * 2) Click on "Create an account" link to get to the account creation form.
 * 3) Enter a username and an email address, and click the "by email" button. Note you need or else the sysop must pick a password and send it to the user.
 * 4) The account will be created with a random password which is then emailed to the given address (as with the "forgot password" feature). The user will be requested to change password at first login; when they do this, the e-mail address will also be marked as confirmed.
 * When you click the "create account" button instead, you have to manually send the user their password. If you've set (default configuration up to version 1.15) and you've left the password field blank, the user will be emailed an e-mail address confirmation request but will be unable to access  to perform the confirmation. Instead, the user will get an error (unless you've added it to ); the user will be able to login with a blank password and then confirm email, but their password will not have been reset (it will have to be reset manually).

It may be appropriate to edit the text displayed when a non-user attempts to log in. This can be done at MediaWiki:Nosuchuser, when logged in as a sysop. Use plain text without any special formatting, as the formatting is ignored and the text is literally rendered. (Might have changed, see bug 12952).

You may also modify the contents of the e-mail sent to new users by editing the page MediaWiki:Createaccount-text.

To prevent even sysops from creating accounts:

To add a message on top of the login form, modify MediaWiki:Loginprompt.

Restrict editing of all pages
Users will still be able to read pages with these modifications, and they can view the source by using Special:Export/Article name or other methods. bug 1859 も参照してください.

および を参照してください. If you use, any wiki admin can also put various restrictions in place.

Some examples of how to protect all pages from editing (not reading) by certain classes of users:

Restrict anonymous editing
Requires that a user be registered before they can edit.

Restrict editing by all non-sysop users
Requires that a user be a member of the administrators (sysop) usergroup.

Restrict editing of an entire namespace
Starting from MediaWiki version 1.10, it is possible to protect entire namespaces using the variable. 例:

Note that in the last case it's assumed that a custom namespace exists and that  is a defined constant equal to the namespace number. See Manual:Using custom namespaces and Manual:Namespace_constants for a list of MediaWiki's core namespaces.

Restrict editing of certain specific pages
Use the feature. By default, any sysop can protect pages so only other sysops can edit them. In 1.9 and higher, by default they can also protect pages so only "autoconfirmed" users (with accounts older than a configured period) can edit them. This does not require editing configuration files.

If you want to restrict editing to groups with specific permissions, edit. To prevent actions other than edit and move, use.

Restrict editing of all but a few pages
To impose a blanket restriction on editing for all pages, but allow a few (such as sandboxes, join request pages, etc.) to be more generously editable, you can use the extension. This may not fit too often, but you could also use the Restrict editing of certain specific pages method mentioned above, with all name spaces protected, and only a special one editable by everyone which has all the pages you want editable.

Restrict editing for certain IP address ranges
Schools and other institutions may want to block all edits not from a few specified IP address ranges. To do so, see. The only way to do this at present without modifying the code is to go to Special:Blockip and systematically  every one of the address ranges that you don't want to be able to edit. This will work for all future versions of MediaWiki. It will not work on a per-namespace basis.

Restrict editing by a particular user
Use the user functionality to deprive a user of all edit access. MediaWiki does not include a possibility to give rights to separate users directly; instead rights are always given to a user group. There is no way in the core software to change permissions of particular users in order to restrict or allow editing particular pages, except by changing their usergroup.

Restrict creating pages in certain namespaces
There are separate rights for creating talk pages (createtalk) and creating non-talk pages (createpage). If you need per-namespace control finer than that, it is not possible in core MediaWiki, and requires an extension such as.

Restrict access to uploaded files

 * &rarr;, , 

If you have enabled the ability to upload files, these will be served directly by the underlying web server. As a result, .

Example for access restriction to uploaded files in the server configuration
If sensitive files are uploaded to an internet-accessible wiki, you may wish to add restrictions on where these can be accessed from. On Apache, if your local network were 10.1.2.*, you could restrict serving files to local addresses with:

 Order deny,allow Allow from 10.1.2.3 Deny from all 

Restrict viewing of all pages
Add this line to your LocalSettings.php file:

The  setting allows users to view the main page. If page names have more than one word, use a space " " between them, not an underscore "_".

In addition to the main page of such a private site, you could give access to the Recentchanges page (if you think that its content isn't private) for feed readers by adding "Special:Recentchanges" to.

If you need to protect even the sidebar, main page, or login screen for any reason, it's recommended that you use higher-level authentication such as .htpasswd or equivalent.

Restrict viewing of certain specific pages
To prevent anyone but sysops from viewing a page, it can simply be. To prevent even sysops from viewing it, it can be removed more permanently using. To completely destroy the text of the page, it can be manually removed from the database. In any case, the page cannot be edited while in this state, and for most purposes no longer exists.

To have a page act normally for some users but be invisible to others, as is possible for instance in most forum software, is a very different matter. MediaWiki is designed for two basic access modes:


 * 1) Everyone can view every single page on the wiki (with the possible exception of a few special pages). This is the mode used by Wikipedia and its sister projects.
 * 2) Anonymous users can only view the Main Page and login page, and cannot edit any page. This is basically the same as the above, in terms of technical implementation (just an extra check for every page view), which is why it exists. This is the mode of operation used by certain private wikis such as those used by various Wikimedia committees.

If you intend to have different view permissions than that, MediaWiki is not designed for your usage. (bug 1924 を参照してください. ) Data is not necessarily clearly delineated by namespace, page name, or other criteria, and there are a lot of leaks you'll have to plug if you want to make it so (see  for a sample). Other wiki software may be more suitable for your purpose. You have been warned. If you must use MediaWiki, there are three basic possibilities:


 * 1) Set your wiki up private and whitelist specific pages that will be public with   in the LocalSetting.php file. See the section above.
 * 2) Set up separate wikis with a, configure one as viewable and one as unviewable (see above), and  between them.
 * 3) Install a third-party hack or extension. You will have to reapply it every time you upgrade the software, and it may not be updated immediately when new security fixes or upgrades of MediaWiki are released. Third-party hacks are, of course, not supported by MediaWiki developers, and if you're having problems you shouldn't ask on MediaWiki-l, #mediawiki, or other official support channels. A number of hacks are listed in . Read about  if you plan to use one of those.

Restricting exporting
関連項目: 

It is not possible to export the contents of a page that cannot be read since.

Removing the Login link from all pages
One can remove the login/create account link from the upper right corner of all pages, as users can still go to Special:SpecialPages>Special:UserLogin to login. In LocalSettings.php use (tested with MediaWiki 1.16)

Removing accounts
If you want to completely remove access to a user, e.g. on a simple private wiki, it's not possible to simply delete the account ; you can it, but the user will still  to read pages. However, using extension you can merge the account in another one and delete the former; the original account will then "disappear". If you want to preserve history readability (i.e., to have edits from the user to be still shown under their name), you can create a new account e.g. with username "OriginalUserName (deactivated)" and then merge "OriginalUserName" into the former, or even use extension to rename "OriginalUserName" into "AnotherUserName", then create an account under "OriginalUserName" and merge "AnotherUserName" into it: in this manner, "OriginalUserName" will be completely "usurped" (if you've set a non-null password).

Since MediaWiki 1.16.0, it is possible to set to true to prevent access and reading to blocked users.

その他の制限事項
ページ編集をそのページの作者にのみ認める場合、あるいは編集履歴の秘匿ほか、その他の制限をかけたい場合があるとします. MediaWiki の標準版では、これらを実現する機能はありません. If you need more fine-grained permissions, see the #See also section for links to other wiki packages that are designed for this, as well as hacks that attempt to contort MediaWiki into something it's not designed to be but may work anyway.

関連項目
興味があれば、ほかにいくつか関連のマニュアルあるはヘルプページがあります.



他のウィキソフトウェアのほうがMediaWikiよりもきめの細かいアクセス制限を支援する場合があります.


 * MoinMoin
 * TWiki
 * TikiWiki - 機能や権限レベルでアクセス制限の設定が完全にできます.

もっとアクセス制限を向上させたいけれど MediaWiki で実現したい場合、この拡張機能一覧とハッキングでソフトウェアの標準ではできない制限が可能です. ただしハッキングが古すぎる可能性もあります(バージョン情報を要確認. ) 第三者のハッキングでなにか障害が出ても、MediaWiki の公式サポートで質問はできません.


 * - 匿名利用者にほとんどのページの編集ができなくする
 * (保守されていない)
 * - 匿名利用者にほとんどのページの編集ができなくする
 * (保守されていない)
 * - 匿名利用者にほとんどのページの編集ができなくする
 * (保守されていない)
 * - 匿名利用者にほとんどのページの編集ができなくする
 * (保守されていない)
 * (保守されていない)