Manual:Developing extensions/pt



Cada extensão tem três partes:


 * 1) Configuração
 * 2) Execução
 * 3) Localização

Uma extensão pequena consiste em três ficheiros, um para cada parte:


 * MyExtension/extension.json: Tem as instruções de configuração. The file name must be extension.json. (Prior to MediaWiki 1.25 the setup instructions were in a  file named after the extension. Many extensions still have backwards-compatibility shims in this PHP file.)
 * MyExtension/MyExtension_body.php: Aloja o código de execução da extensão. Existe a convenção de chamar a este arquivo «Myextension_body.php», mas não é obrigatório. If your extension is complex and involves multiple PHP files, you should follow the convention to put its implementation code in a subdirectory named  (although the Example extension does not follow this convention). Por exemplo, veja a extensão SemanticMediaWiki.
 * MyExtension/i18n/*.json: Aloja informação de localização da extensão.

Quando desenvolvas uma extensão, substitui «MyExtension» nos nomes anteriores com o nome de tua extensão. Use UpperCamelCase names for its directory and PHP file(s); this is the general file naming convention. (A extensão é bom ponto de partida para a sua extensão. Não deixe de conferir também a predefinição cookiecutter para extensões do MediaWiki no GitHub).

As três partes de uma extensão, configuração, execução e localização, bem como os tipos de extensões, licenciamento, e publicação estão todos descritos nas seguintes seções desta página.

Configuração
Quando programes a parte da instación, teu objectivo é consolidar a instalação de maneira que os utilizadores que instalem a extensão só tenham que incluir o arquivo de instalação em seu arquivo, assim:

Se queres fazer que tua extensão seja configurável, deves definir e documentar alguns parâmetros de configuração. O código que os utentes terão que introduzir para instalar a extensão será algo assim:

Para chegar a esta simplicidade, teu arquivo de instalação deve cumprir uma série de tarefas (que descrever-se-ão em detalhe nas secções seguintes):


 * registrar qualquer manipulador de mídia, função ao analisador sintático, página especial, marcação personalizada de XML e/ou viariável que sua extensão usar;
 * definir e/ou validar quaisquer variáveis de configuração definidos por ti para a sua extensão;
 * preparar as classes usadas pela sua extensão para carregamento automático;
 * determinar quais partes da sua configuração devem ser feitas imediatamente e quais precisam estar em modo de espera até o núcleo do MediaWiki ter sido inicializado e configurado;
 * definir hooks adicionais necessários pela sua extensão;
 * criar ou verificar tabelas de banco de dados requeridas pela tua extensão.
 * configurar a localização para a sua extensão.

Registar funcionalidades com MediaWiki
O MediaWiki lista todas as extensões instaladas na página. Por exemplo, podes ver todas as extensões instaladas neste wiki em Special:Version. É boa prática assegurar-se de que tua extensão também está presente a esta página. Para isso, será necessário juntar um registo em para cada manipulador de mídia, função ao analisador sintático, página especial, marcação personalizada de XML e viariável que tua extensão usar. O registo parecerá assim:

Veja para mais detalhes sobre o quê esses campos fazem. Muitos deles são opcionais, mas preenchê-los por completo é uma boa prática. The  refers to the version of the schema the  file is written against. A única versão atualmente compatível é a 1ª (MediaWiki 1.26.x e 1.27.x).

In addition to the above registration, you must also "hook" your feature into MediaWiki. The above only sets up the Special:Version page. The way you do this depends on the type of your extension. For details, please see the documentation for each type of extension:

Making your extension user configurable
If you want your user to be able to configure your extension, you'll need to provide one or more configuration variables. It is a good idea to give those variables a unique name. They should also follow MediaWiki naming conventions (e.g. global variables should begin with $wg).

For example, if your extension is named "Very silly extension that does nothing", you might want to name all your configuration variables to begin  or. It doesn't really matter what you choose so long as none of the MediaWiki core begins its variables this way and you have done a reasonable job of checking to see that none of the published extensions begin their variables this way. Users won't take kindly to having to choose between your extension and some other extensions because you chose overlapping variable names.

It is also a good idea to include extensive documentation of any configuration variables in your installation notes.

Here is an example boiler plate that can be used to get started:

Note that after calling  the global variable   does not exist. If you set the variable, e.g. in  then the value given in the will not be used.

Preparing classes for autoloading
If you choose to use classes to implement your extension, MediaWiki provides a simplified mechanism for helping PHP find the source file where your class is located. In most cases this should eliminate the need to write your own  method.

To use MediaWiki's autoloading mechanism, you add entries to the field. The key of each entry is the class name; the value is the file that stores the definition of the class. For a simple one class extension, the class is usually given the same name as the extension, so your autoloading section might look like this (extension is named MyExtension):

The filename is relative to the directory the extension.json file is in.

Defining additional hooks
Ver.

Adding database tables
If your extension needs to add its own database tables, use the hook. Ver a página do manual para mais informação em uso.

Instalar localização
Ver:
 * Localização (resumo)
 * Localização (detalhado)
 * Namespaces

Acrescentar registros
Em MediaWiki, todas as acções pelos utentes em wiki está seguido para transparência e colaboração. Ver para como o fazer.

Execução
The technique for writing the implementation portion depends upon the part of MediaWiki system you wish to extend:
 * Wiki markup: Extensions that extend wiki markup will typically contain code that defines and implements custom XML tags, parser functions and variables.
 * Reporte e administração: Extensions that add reporting and administrative capabilities usually do so by adding special pages. For more information see.
 * Article automation and integrity: Extensions that improve the integration between MediaWiki and its backing database or check articles for integrity features, will typically add functions to one of the many hooks that affect the process of creating, editing, renaming, and deleting articles. For more information about these hooks and how to attach your code to them, please see.
 * Olhar e sentir: Extensions that provide a new look and feel to MediaWiki are bundled into skins. Pára mais informação aproximadamente como para escrever suas peles próprias, ver e.
 * Segurança: Extensions that limit their use to certain users should integrate with MediaWiki's own permissions system. To learn more about that system, please see . Some extensions also let MediaWiki make use of external authentication mechanisms. For more information, please see . In addition, if your extension tries to limit readership of certain articles, please check out the gotchas discussed in.

Ver também ,

Localização
If you want your extension to be used on wikis that have a multi-lingual readership, you will need to add localisation support to your extension.

Store messages in .json
Store message definitions in a localisation JSON-file, one for each language key your extension is translated in. The messages are saved with a message key and the message itself using standard JSON format. Each message id should be lowercase and may not contain spaces. An example you can find e.g. in extension MobileFrontend. Here is an example of a minimal JSON file (in this case en.json:

en.json

Store message documentation in qqq.json
The documentation for message keys can be stored in the JSON file for the pseudo language with code qqq. A documentation of the example above can be:

qqq.json:

Define messages

 * Assign each message a unique, lowercase, no space message id; e.g.uploadwizard-desc
 * For any text string displayed to the user, define a message.
 * MediaWiki supports parameterized messages and that feature should be used when a message is dependent on information generated at runtime. Parameter placeholders are specified with $n, where n represents the index of the placeholder; e.g.

Define message documentation
Each message you define needs to have an associated message documentation entry Message documentation; in qqq.json e.g.

Load the localisation file
In your setup routine, define the location of your messages files (e.g. in directory i18n/):

Use wfMessage in PHP
In your setup and implementation code, replace each literal use of the message with a call to. In classes that implement (as well as some others such as subclasses of SpecialPage), you can use   instead. Exemplo:

Use mw.message in JavaScript
It's possible to use i18n functions in JavaScript too. Para obter detalhes, consulte.

Tipos de extensões
Extensions can be categorized based on the programming techniques used to achieve their effect. Most complex extensions will use more than one of these techniques:
 * Subclassing: MediaWiki expects certain kinds of extensions to be implemented as subclasses of a MediaWiki-provided base class:
 *  – Subclasses of the class are used to build pages whose content is dynamically generated using a combination of the current system state, user input parameters, and database queries. Both reports and data entry forms can be generated. They are used for both reporting and administration purposes.
 *  – Skins change the look and feel of MediaWiki by altering the code that outputs pages by subclassing the MediaWiki class.
 *  – A technique for injecting custom php code at key points within MediaWiki processing. They are widely used by MediaWiki's parser, its localization engine, its extension management system, and its page maintenance system.
 *  – XML style tags that are associated with a php function that outputs HTML code. You do not need to limit yourself to formatting the text inside the tags. You don't even need to display it. Many tag extensions use the text as parameters that guide the generation of HTML that embeds google objects, data entry forms, RSS feeds, excerpts from selected wiki articles.
 *  – A technique for mapping a variety of wiki text string to a single id that is associated with a function. Both variables and parser functions use this technique. All text mapped to that id will be replaced with the return value of the function. The mapping between the text strings and the id is stored in the array $magicWords. The interpretation of the id is a somewhat complex process – see  for more information.
 *  – Variables are something of a misnomer. They are bits of wikitext that look like templates but have no parameters and have been assigned hard-coded values. Standard wiki markup such as or  are examples of variables. They get their name from the source of their value: a php variable or something that could be assigned to a variable, e.g. a string, a number, an expression, or a function return value.
 *  – .  Similar to tag extensions, parser functions process arguments and returns a value. Unlike tag extensions, the result of parser functions is wikitext.
 *  – you can add custom modules to MediaWiki's action API, that can be invoked by JavaScript, bots or third-party clients.
 *  – If you need to store data in formats other than wikitext, JSON, etc. then you can create a new.

Support other core versions
There are two widespread conventions for supporting older versions of MediaWiki core:

Extension maintainers should declare with the  parameter of the Extension template which convention they follow.
 * Master: the master branch of the extension is compatible with as many old versions of core as possible. This results in a maintenance burden (backwards-compatibility hacks need to be kept around for a long time, and changes to the extension need to be tested with several versions of MediaWiki), but sites running old MediaWiki versions benefit from functionality recently added to the extension.
 * Release branches: release branches of the extension are compatible with matching branches of core, e.g. sites using MediaWiki need to use the  branch of the extension. (For extensions hosted on gerrit, these branches are automatically created when new versions of MediaWiki are released.) This results in cleaner code and faster development but users on old core versions do not benefit from bugfixes and new features unless they are backported manually.

Publicando
To autocategorize and standardize the documentation of your existing extension, please see. To add your new extension to this Wiki:

Deploying and registering
If you intend to have your extension deployed on Wikimedia sites (including possibly Wikipedia), additional scrutiny is warranted in terms of performance and security. Consultar.

If your extension adds namespaces, you may wish to register its default namespaces; likewise, if it adds database tables or fields, you may want to register those at.

Please be aware that review and deployment of new extensions on Wikimedia sites can be extremely slow, and in some cases has taken more than two years.

Documentação do ajuda
You should provide public-domain help documentation for features provided by your extension. is a good example. You should give users a link to the documentation via the function.

Providing support / collaboration
Extension developers should open an account on Wikimedia's, and request a new project for the extension. This provides a public venue where users can submit issues and suggestions, and you can collaborate with users and other developers to triage bugs and plan features of your extension.

Ver também

 * – implements some example features with extensive inline documentation
 * – uma extensão clichê funcionando, útil como um ponto de partida para o seu próprio ramal
 * Read the Example extension, base your own code on the BoilerPlate extension.
 * cookiecutter-mediawiki-extension – a template for the python tool cookiecutter to generate a boilerplate extension (with variables etc.)
 * Allow you to get going quickly with your own extension. Can also generate the BoilerPlate extension.
 * - copy specific code from them
 * – explains how your extension can provide an API to clients
 * Best practices for extensions
 * Best practices for extensions
 * Best practices for extensions
 * Best practices for extensions
 * Best practices for extensions