Extension:Widgets/zh

小部件扩展允许在普通的wiki页面插入原始的HTML页面（类似模板）. 您可以通过在Widget名字空间创建页面来完成. 这避免了在可编辑Wiki页面中原始HTML的安全性问题，因为在Widget名字空间中进行编辑的权限是受控的. 您可以找到一些预先写好的小部件.

安装
使用Git进行安装或从.zip文件进行安装.

使用Git安装
要使用Git获取代码，请键入以下命令：

从.zip文件安装

 * 1) Download the latest .zip file here, create a   folder and unpack the archive into there.  Note:  stands for the root directory of your MediaWiki installation, the same directory that holds .
 * 2) Download the latest Smarty release and unpack it into there, too.
 * 3) Create a folder   inside the   folder.
 * 4) Move the folder   from the unpacked Smarty archive into.

This puts everything into expected places. You can delete the remainings of the unpacked Smarty archive.

配置
To install this extension, add the following to :

Note: The instructions above describe the newer way of installing this extension using. If you need to install this extension on MediaWiki versions 1.28 and earlier, instead of, you need to use:

文件夹权限
Also, the  folder should be made writable by the web server. See Making a directory writable by the webserver. The compiled templates folder is where Smarty stores pre-compiled templates.

An example of Qnap:

Start telnet with port22 find / -name 'compiled_templates' [cr] [result] /share/MD0_DATA/Qweb/mediawiki-1.27.5/extensions/Widgets/compiled_templates chmod a+rw /share/MD0_DATA/Qweb/mediawiki-1.27.5/extensions/Widgets/compiled_templates

用法
To add a widget to your MediaWiki installation, just create a page in the Widget: namespace and then use the  parser function to include it in the pages of the wiki.

解析器函数
To add a defined widget to pages, users can use the  parser function. The syntax is as follows:

Where WidgetName is a page name in the Widget namespace (e.g. Widget:WidgetName) and param=value pairs are the settable parameters, defined within the widget code.

Parameters can be expanded inside a widget using Smarty syntax, as follows:



The  options specifies how the parameter will be 'escaped', or encoded, in the resultant Widget. See http://www.smarty.net/docsv2/en/language.modifier.escape for more information on this.

Widget名字空间的页面
All widgets in the wiki are defined by creating pages in the special "Widget:" namespace like e.g. "Widget:WidgetName", which is automatically added to your wiki when you install this extension.

To see all Widgets defined in your system, you can simply go to the page "Special:AllPages", select "Widget" in the namespace dropdown and click "Go".

For security reasons, these pages are only editable by wiki administrators - see User rights below for more info.

You can find many pre-defined widgets to install in your wiki at MediaWikiWidgets.org. If you are interested in creating widgets yourself, see the next section.

小部件页面语法
The Widgets extension uses the Smarty PHP templating engine to provide simple templating functionality within widget pages. All parameters passed to a widget are converted into Smarty parameters.

Important: Use escape modifiers on all passed-in parameters to prevent users from passing in raw HTML from normal wiki pages. Failure to protect against this will expose the hosting site to XSS (and other) attacks.

数组
If you use the same parameter multiple times, the widget will get an array of values. You can use to go through the array.

布尔值（true/false）
Since version 0.8.5, this extension supports passing boolean parameters by just using a parameter name without a value, like this:

This will set  to   for your widget. Also, in addition to PHP's default handling of boolean conversions, you can use value "false" to set the boolean value  (this is not the case in PHP as string "false" doesn't get converted to a boolean false; see PHP docs on boolean casting).

点符号
Parameter names can have dots, and Smarty will interpret them as associative arrays, so you can use with both   and   attributes to traverse through them, or you can just use the same name with dots if you want to reference the parameter directly.

示例
Widget:AssocTest might look like this:



: set to 



...and you might call this Widget as follows:

..which would be displayed as:


 * foo set to bar
 * bar set to oni

验证修饰符
In addition to standard Smarty modifiers (like the heavily used ), the Widgets extension implements the   modifier, that uses PHP Data filtering to allow for validating widget parameters.

To make sure the  variable value is a valid URL, you can use following code:

Homepage

The following values for the validate are supported (mapping to PHP's validation filters):


 * (FILTER_VALIDATE_URL)
 * (FILTER_VALIDATE_INT)
 * (FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN)
 * (FILTER_VALIDATE_FLOAT)
 * (FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)
 * (FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)

刷新小部件页面
If you're using a call to the widget within the widget page itself, then you will not see the updated widget (and no widget at all when you just created a page). This happens because the page contents are not available to the Widgets extension until a page is saved, but the call to the  parser function is made before the page is saved. After the page is saved, it's cached by MediaWiki, so you won't see the result even if you reload the page via the browser. To make the latest edits to the widget code appear, you need to refresh the page in the cache; to do this, you just need to use the  action (see also Purge extension), or wait a certain amount of time (up to 24 hours).

小部件与模板
Placing widgets within templates makes them an invaluable tool for creating complex displays of data with minimal lines of code.

It is particularly helpful if you want to preset some parameters of the widget while allowing users to modify others (e.g. video ID for the YouTube widget or username for the Twitter widget).

额外配置
The steps in this section are optional - the extension should work fine even without these changes, but they will give you more flexibility if you have a complex MediaWiki installation.

使用FlaggedRevs进行小部件审查
As of version 0.9 you can use the FlaggedRevs extension to enable a widget security review process.

This will enable the Widgets extension to use only stable versions of the Widget:* pages.

When you have your FlaggedRevs configured in the way that represents your review process, just set the following variable in your LocalSettings.php:

This will tell the Widgets extension not to protect Widget:* pages using permissions, but rather require changes to be reviewed for security before they can take effect.

To just use FlaggedRevs to review widgets, the following configuration should suffice:

修改存储已编译的小部件的目录
Since version 1.1 the widgets extension provides a parameter allowing to change the directory for storing the compiled widgets ($compile_dir in the code). The default setting is

If you change the location by setting the parameter with another directory, make sure that it exists and that it has the correct permissions.

修改名字空间ID
The default ID for the "Widget:" namespace is 274. This can be changed if you want, but make sure that it's an even number. To set the namespace ID, define a value for  before you include the extension in LocalSettings.php:

The "Widget talk" namespace ID will be automatically defined as   + 1, so don't set it yourself.

You can use  and   when configuring other MediaWiki properties.

用户权限
This extension adds a namespace called "Widget", but due to potential security implications that can result from using insecure widget code, this namespace is only editable by users who have the  permission (the   group is also created to add users to; see Help:User rights management for more details).

作者
The widgets extension was created and designed by Sergey Chernyshev. It is currently maintained by Yaron Koren, who has also contributed to the code base.

Other important contributions have been provided by Alexandre Emsenhuber, Jeroen De Dauw, Joshua Lerner, Majr, Sam Reed and Tim Starling.

版本历史

 * 1.3.0 (August 3, 2017) - removed I18n php shim, dropped compatibility with MW 1.22 and earlier
 * 1.2.2 (April 14, 2017) - restored compatibility with MW 1.27 and later
 * 1.2.1 (November 9, 2015) - Minor changes: improved debugging, license to show on "Special:Version"
 * 1.2.0 (April 29, 2015) - Possibility of arbitrary HTML output removed, support added for PHP 5.3
 * 1.1.0 (May 28, 2014) - i18n messages moved into JSON files, fixes for MediaWiki 1.21+, new parameter for setting the storage location of compiled widgets, removed support for PHP 5.2 and earlier
 * 1.0 (February 21, 2013) - Security leak fixed.
 * 0.10.1 (February 20, 2013) - Smarty added as a Git submodule, and updated to version 3.1.7.
 * 0.10.0 (January 19, 2012) - 'editwidgets' permission given to sysops by default, support removed for MediaWiki < 1.16.
 * 0.9.2 (January 12, 2011) - PHP fixes.
 * 0.9.1 (September 19, 2010) - Some code structure changes and fix to a bug 25219.
 * 0.9 (April 16, 2010) - Added support for FlaggedRev extension controlling Widget review.
 * 0.8.10 (November 27, 2009) - Security Release: Fixed a security hole in error message.
 * 0.8.9 (November 11, 2009) - Bugfix release: base64 wasn't identified properly which caused some widgets not to be displayed.
 * 0.8.8 (November 2, 2009) - HTML is inserted as-is, thanks to Joshua C. Lerner.
 * 0.8.7 (June 19, 2009) - namespaces issues and i18n issues fixed by ialex.
 * 0.8.6 (May 22, 2009) - some important security fixes by Tim Starling.
 * 0.8.5 (March 12, 2009) - Allowing parameters without values to work as bulean "true" and converting test "false" into boolean false (which is not the case in PHP itself).
 * 0.8.4 (March 11, 2009) - Minor security release - compiled Smarty templates can't be accessed directly. Also fixed a problem with compiled_templates being empty in archives and therefore not extractable by some software.
 * 0.8.3 (February 10, 2009) - Added 'validate' modifier that makes sure variable value conforms to validation rules (using https://php.net/filter).
 * 0.8.2 (January 27, 2009) - Fixed a bug when widgets were not showing up correctly on old versions of the pages. Thanks to Max Ingleton for a bug report.
 * 0.8.1 (June 25, 2008) - Worked around MediaWiki bug that inserts  in front of widget output.
 * 0.8.0 (June 10, 2008) - Fixed a bug where variables were carried over from one widget to another on the same page
 * 0.7.0 (May 23, 2008) - Added support for arrays and Smarty's dotted notation
 * 0.6.0 (May 9, 2008) - Minor tweaks and bug fixes, release Makefile
 * 0.5.0 (Feb 11, 2008) - First public release

贡献小部件
If you created a widget and would like to share it, feel free to post it to MediaWikiWidgets.org website and to add a reference to it to the Widget library on this page.

错误和功能请求
If you found a problem, would like to contribute a patch or request a new feature, feel free to open a bug in the Wikimedia bug tracker:

https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=MediaWiki-extensions-Widgets

支持
The best way to seek help with this extension is to send your questions to MediaWiki Widgets Google group

https://groups.google.com/group/mediawiki-widgets

The extension maintainer, and active users and contributors, are on this list and will be able to help you.

故障排除
There are a few common problems that users encounter when they start to use Widgets extension - we'll try to document them here:


 * On a widget page, right after you just created it (or copied from MediaWikiWidgets.org) you see the message:

Warning: Smarty error: unable to read resource: "Widget:" /../extensions/Widgets/ smarty/Smarty.class.php on line 1095


 * This is most likely caused by the widget not yet existing at the moment when the widget page itself is being processed - to solve this simply purge the page, e.g. add &action=purge (or ?action=purge if you have nice URLs) to the URL.
 * It's also possible that you called the Widget incorrectly. Widget page names are case sensitive and must match the name of the widget you're calling. E.g. don't use when the widget is called "Widget:YouTube", or vice versa.

PHP Fatal error: Smarty error: unable to write to $compile_dir '/../extensions/Widgets/compiled_templates'. Be sure $compile_dir is writable by the web server user. in /../extensions/Widgets/smarty/Smarty.class.php on line 1095, referer: https://your-wiki.com/Widget:
 * If the page doesn't load and you see the following error message in the log file:
 * Check if you changed permissions and owner for Smarty to store compiled templates in. See also this post for further details.


 * If your wiki began returning totally white pages or 500 errors when you updated MediaWiki to 1.20 or a later version, try setting the permissions on /../extensions/Widgets/compiled_templates to 777.

小部件库
MediaWikiWidgets.org contains a full library of ready-made widgets, including support for most of the major video sites. Any widget can be used simply by copying over the contents of the page.

To get the most up-to-date list of widgets, click here.

可以被小部件替换的扩展
Let's collect a list of extensions that can be replaced with widgets because all they do is output some HTML/JS/CSS with parameters and simple logic that can be done using Smarty templates.

Maybe someone will come and create a widget for that to simplify deployment. Also, these lists of extensions are a good source for action:


 * Extension:YouTube

常见问题
Use something like this. Note that the  line break tags will have to be added manually. 180px is used for width because that is the default for thumbnails. 150px is used for height because that keeps the same ratio as for the default 350x420.
 * How do I get a video to align to the right with the other images?