How to become a MediaWiki hacker/es

Este artículo está escrito para ayudar a desarrolladores novatos para que aprendan las habilidades necesarias para contribuir al desarrollo de MediaWiki y sus extensiones.

The main path to get started with Wikimedia development is to contribute to Wikimedia projects that offer mentoring. An alternative without mentoring is to fix a good first bug.

Si eres un desarrollador experimentado que posee experiencia con MediaWiki, visita el  en cambio.

Para otras maneras de aportar en la comunidad Wikimedia, ve .

Resumen
MediaWiki es el software que permite el funcionamiento de Wikipedia, sus proyectos hermanos y miles de wikis en todo el mundo.

MediaWiki está escrito en el lenguaje de programación PHP.

Some supporting tools are written in other languages, including batch files, shell scripts, makefiles and Python.

MediaWiki está escrito principalmente para la plataforma LAMP y se ejecuta en la mayoría de los sistemas operativos. MediaWiki usa principalmente servidores de MySQL y MariaDB.

Development happens in an open source style, is largely coordinated online, and supported by the Wikimedia Foundation, though volunteer community developers play a huge part as well.

La lista principal de desarrolladores es wikitech-l. Los canales del desarrollador son y.
 * Development discussion happens on, , and IRC channels.
 * Source code is stored on and managed using the Git revision control system and can be viewed here
 * Revisión de códigos es desarrollada en . Sigue este tutorial para instalar Git y Gerrit para enviar cambios.
 * Reportes de error y tareas se administran en y se pueden ver aquí

Find or create a task
Before you ever develop a feature or fix a bug in a MediaWiki project, it is important that you do your research about it. This includes:


 * 1) Search Phabricator if an open or closed Task (Document Types field) already exists. If it doesn't, create one. If this is a very small change, don't create one.
 * 2) Find and investigate the code that needs to be changed to implement the feature. Comment your findings on the Phabricator Task if they might be helpful to others who implement it or review your changes.
 * 3) Determine if you can likely add the feature or fix the bug based the code you investigated and the changes needed.  the task is large or complex, you should find something easier and work your way up to eventually be able to handle tasks of that size. If you believe you can complete it, assign yourself to the Task and begin working on it.



Instalando tu ambiente de desarrollo
Once you have found something you can work on, the next step to developing MediaWiki or an extension is creating an environment to run MediaWiki, its database, and any other external features so that you can develop and test them.

You can install and develop MediaWiki on Linux, Windows, or macOS using any of the three solutions below.

Docker

 * MediaWiki Docker – Ejecuta MediaWiki mediante Docker (puede ser usado en Windows, MacOS o Linux)

Docker is a good option if you want to setup a MediaWiki installation quickly and are not planning on installing many extensions.

You can also try the experimental mwcli tool which sets up Docker with a few simple commands and provides basic orchestration functionality between MediaWiki, MySQL, ElasticSearch, Memcache, and other types of containers.

Máquina virtual con Vagrant

 * MediaWiki Vagrant – Run MediaWiki on a Linux virtual machine using Vagrant.

Vagrant allows you start a MediaWiki instance you can develop as well as allowing you to add and develop any of 250+ extensions - all with a single command.

This saves you installation and configuration time compared to manually adding extensions in a Docker or local installation, but it runs a bit slower than the other two options.



Instalación manual
MediaWiki can be developed by installing it and its dependencies locally on your system.

It will take much more time to set up than Docker or Vagrant.


 * 1)  — Check hardware requirements and install dependencies
 * 2)  — Descarga el código de fuente más reciente desde Git.
 * 3)  — Continuar con la instalación y configuración inicial
 * 4) * Instalar varios modos de debug en vuestro entorno para mostrar advertencias y errores pronto.

Open a code editor
The two recommended code editors for editing MediaWiki are VSCode and PhpStorm. VSCode is free and PhpStorm is paid, however, you can acquire a PhpStorm license for free if you are a student by linking your GitHub Education account to your JetBrains account, or by requesting a license granted to Wikimedia.

To determine which editor you should use, know that all-around, PhpStorm has more and more-powerful features than VSCode, however, you may not want to become "tied" to it and instead it may be beneficial to learn and expose yourself to the ever-growing ecosystem of VSCode and its extensions. Additionally, PhpStorm takes significantly longer to load on start than VSCode as it builds an index of the entire repository whereas VSCode progressively loads. Therefore, VSCode is typically useful for file-viewing sessions or small changes and PhpStorm for larger changes. It makes sense to have both installed for these reasons.

To develop the MediaWiki codebase that is inside a Docker container you can establish a remote connection to it and open the MediaWiki folder inside it using VSCode or PhpStorm.

Change and test the code
Change the code and view your changes by reloading your MediaWiki browser tab. Make sure to follow. Write and run tests on your code to make sure it works and is formatted properly.

Note, you can save time by ensuring your changes will be accepted before taking the time to write tests. Create a patch without needed tests and ask for someone to review it stating that you will add tests after they review it.

Create a patch
Finally, to submit your code to be reviewed and added to the repository you are contributing to, follow.

PHP
MediaWiki está escrito en PHP, por lo que necesitarás familiarizarte con PHP para modificar el núcleo de MediaWiki.


 * Aprende PHP
 * Tutorial de PHP — Disponible en muchos idiomas diferentes. Si no posees conocimientos de PHP pero sabes cómo programar en otros lenguajes de programación orientados a objetos, PHP te resultará sencillo de aprender.
 * PHP Programming at Wikibooks.
 * PHP at Wikiversity.


 * Recursos de PHP:
 * El manual de de PHP — Disponible en muchos idiomas diferentes.
 * PHP coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.


 * Stuff to know :
 * The script  in MediaWiki provides a basic PHP interpreter with MediaWiki objects and classes loaded.
 * Also, the script  in MediaWiki is a replacement of   based on PsySH, see

Base de datos
Many features require some amount of database manipulation, so you'll often need to be familiar with MySQL/MariaDB.


 * Aprende MySQL/MariaDB
 * Tutorial de MySQL — Desde el manual de referencia de MySQL
 * MySQL at Wikibooks.


 * Recursos de MySQL/MariaDB
 * Manuales de referencia de MySQL — Disponible en muchos idiomas diferentes.
 * MariaDB Knowledge Base
 * Database coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.


 * Stuff to know :
 * Prueba tu código con MySQL/MariaDB.
 * MediaWiki currently uses MySQL and MariaDB as the primary database back-end. It also supports other DBMSes, such as PostgreSQL and SQLite. However, almost all developers use MySQL/MariaDB and don't test other DBs, which consequently break on a regular basis. You're therefore advised to use MySQL/MariaDB when testing patches, unless you're specifically trying to improve support for another DB. In the latter case, make sure you're careful not to break MySQL/MariaDB (or write queries that are horribly inefficient in it), since MySQL/MariaDB is what everybody else uses.



JavaScript y CSS
JavaScript and CSS have become omnipresent in front-end code. You don't have to be familiar with JavaScript, jQuery and CSS to work on MediaWiki, but you might need to, depending on what you choose to work on.


 * Aprende JavaScript y CSS
 * JavaScript and CSS at Wikibooks.
 * Comenzando con jQuery — Un tutorial de jQuery.
 * Learning JavaScript — references and sources.


 * Recursos de Javascript y CSS
 * JavaScript coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.
 * CSS coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.

MediaWiki
The MediaWiki code base is large and some parts are ugly; don't be overwhelmed by it. When you're first starting off, aim to write features or fix bugs which only touch a small region of code.


 * MediaWiki basics and must-reads :
 *  — A high-level overview of the main components of MediaWiki and how they work with each other.
 *  — An overview of why and how to write secure code.


 * MediaWiki resources :
 * — A list of important files and links to more detailed information.
 * — A list of hooks. If you're trying to find what part of the codebase does something, often a good place to start is by searching for the related hooks.
 * — An overview of general coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.


 * Code documentation ( class reference ) — Automatically generated documentation from the code and code comments.
 * — Guía para depurar MediaWiki.
 * — A tool to interact with MediaWiki objects live.



Extensiones MediaWiki
If you choose to work on MediaWiki extensions code, the following links provide more information.


 * MediaWiki extensions basics:
 * Developing extensions — How to write an extension for MediaWiki.
 * Extension writing tutorial


 * MediaWiki extensions resources:
 * Best practices for extensions
 * A brief introduction to MediaWiki extension development — A video presentation about how to create a MediaWiki extension (slides).
 * Making a MediaWiki extension — Covers how to develop an extension for MediaWiki, best practices, and how to engage the MediaWiki community. Desde febrero de 2011.
 * Help for extension developers on the Developer Hub

MediaWiki skins
is helpful if you choose to work on MediaWiki skins.



Véase también

 * Search for code across repositories
 * – When you've thoroughly read the information in this article, it's time to move on to the information in the developer hub.