Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions/zh





如何禁用或启用Vector 2022？
 我要如何禁用它？

首先，检查您是否已经登录. 未登录用户无法更改皮肤.

参见：
 * 为什么要命名为Vector 2022和旧版Vector？



为什么未登录用户无法使用切换外观按钮？
因为服务器性能有限. 未登录用户可以通过浏览器扩展来定制外观，或者也可以创建账户.

参见：


 * 为什么匿名用户没有参数设置？

How can Vector 2022 become the default for all on my home Wikimedia wiki?
Contact us. We'll present the project to your community and start the discussion.



如何在自己的/私人维基上启用？
如果您喜欢该更改，


 * 1) 请确定您已下载
 * 2) 在加入下列内容：

我们很高兴知道您赞许我们的改进！



Why don't you provide preferences to choose between different versions of the features?
That would be too complicated to maintain and develop.

Each preference is like a crossroad where users can choose between options. Many choices indicate many combinations. Preferences would make us responsible for all the combinations. We would have to maintain them, and also, in the case of building new features, check if the features are compatible with each of the combinations. We can't afford that.

Instead, we give the communities the option to create gadgets, user scripts, and individual settings. As always, we provide the space for bottom-up creativity, and help technical users to maintain their code.

参见： 
 * Just make it a user preference

为什么匿名用户没有参数设置？
参数设置会降低页面加载速度.

大部分流量来自未登录用户. 为了应对这一问题，我们有一些“缓存服务器”，它们只保存和发送网页的“快照”. 作为生成网页的替代品，这些“快照”最多持续七天，且对所有未登录用户而言都是相同的. 这能让服务器更快地运行.

提供参数设置意味着要生成不同版本的网页. 这有可能导致未登录用户让服务器超载. 不向匿名用户提供参数设置也是因为我们希望减少缓存的碎片化.

向匿名用户提供参数设置的唯一办法是让设置在页面之后加载. 这会导致加载时间变长而且看起来很奇怪. 例如，如果一个未登录用户想使用暗黑模式，那么在访问页面时，页面会先以浅色模式加载，然后再变暗.

因此，我们为登录用户提供参数设置的唯一原因是我们不向他们提供“快照”. 这是因为来自登录用户的流量很小.

参见：


 * 新加坡的新数据中心如何帮助全球各地的人访问维基百科
 * 构建DReaMeRS：我们如何以及为何在法国开设数据中心
 * 为什么性能很重要



你们为需要特定工具和功能的编辑者们做了什么？

 * 我们联系了有技术能力的志愿者以确保向后兼容性. 我们让他们检查了自己编写的代码，并在代码需要更改时提供帮助.
 * We make it possible to configure and personalize our changes. We are happy to work with volunteers with technical skills who would like to create new gadgets and user scripts.
 * We do not replace the work of volunteers with technical skills. In principle, we do not make edits to templates or create new gadgets, but can advise when necessary.

Do you fix gadgets which aren't working with your changes?
It depends.

We help volunteers fix gadgets and user scripts. Sometimes, we fix these ourselves. But in general, we work on MediaWiki itself. Gadgets and user scripts are written and maintained by volunteers. By the nature, these are always less stable and predictable.

If you are unsure on how to fix an issue with a script or gadget – contact us! We'll do our best to give advice on potential fixes.

参见：


 * Tech on Meta-Wiki – here you can ask for technical support as well
 * User:Jdlrobson/Extension:Gadget/Policy – a proposed policy on the roles and responsibilities related to gadgets and user scripts



哪些CSS类选择器可以用于自定义Vector 2022？

 * ：所有皮肤
 * ：旧版Vector
 * ：Vector 2022



如何恢复完整的宽度？
To reclaim further space at the page edges, add the following CSS code to your global.css:

参见：


 * Modifications of Vector 2022: new gadgets and user scripts

How to disable the sticky elements?
Add the following CSS code to your global.css:


 * Header – add
 * ToC – add

How to restore the old table of contents
使用下方的JS：

How to restore section numbering to the table of contents
Add the following CSS code to your global.css:

How to make the button with language links appear at the top of the main page?

 * 1) Ask your community to agree to set up the main page heading. (See our explanation why this is a good idea.)
 * 2) The heading will be displayed in Vector 2010, Minerva, Timeless, and Vector 2022. It will not be visible in Monobook.
 * 3) The heading can be configured by edits to MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin for logged in users and MediaWiki:Mainpage-title for logged out users. For mobile logged in users, MediaWiki:wikimedia-mobile-mainpage-title-loggedin is used. See the details about the main page heading settings.
 * 4) Test what the main page looks like and work with the button at the top by adding the   parameter to the URL. See the example on the Icelandic-language Wikipedia. Note that the Icelandic-language Wikipedia hasn't the heading set up, so only the button appears.
 * 5) Contact us and ask us to move the button to the top.
 * 6) We will change the settings for your wiki.
 * 7) When we do this, the button will be visible at the top of the page in Vector 2022. In other skins, the list with language links will be displayed in the standard place which varies by skin.

How to restore the previous user menu?
It's not possible to do that currently.

How to change the logo to a temporary one?
The logo in Vector 2022 is made of 3 elements, each can be changed independently with CSS.
 * To change the icon image (e.g. globe on Wikipedia):
 * To change the wordmark (e.g. the word "Wikipedia"):
 * To change the tagline (e.g. the words "The free encyclopedia"):

联络方式


如何联系你们的团队？
选择下列中的一个：
 * Talk page of the main page of the project (you can write in any language)
 * Phabricator task with the Desktop Improvements project tag
 * Contact our Community Relations Specialist: SGrabarczuk (WMF) sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org
 * Contact one of our ambassadors:
 * French and Italian ambassador: Patafisik (WMF) patafisik-ctr@wikimedia.org
 * Spanish ambassador: Zapipedia (WMF) izapico-ctr@wikimedia.org
 * Vietnamese ambassador: Bluetpp (WMF) ppham-ctr@wikimedia.org
 * Farsi ambassador: Mehran (WMF) mehran@wikimedia.org

How can I follow your activities?

 * Subscribe to our newsletter. Instead of messages on your talk page, you will be receiving notifications about the updates.
 * Watch our Updates and Talk to Web pages.

Do you host or attend online meetings?
Yes!

We organize open online meetings for the communities (office hours). At these meetings, Olga (our product manager) makes presentations about the recent developments. Next, community members can ask any questions about the project.

We are also open to invitation to any community event online. These may be local, country-wide, or international meetings.





Is this a redesign?
不是.

A redesign would be a single major change which affects how the site works. In the case of this project we have made a series of individual changes. Each feature was a separate small project. At the end, these features were joined together by a cohesive visual design.

What is the timeline of this project?
We have been working on Vector 2022 (originally known as modern Vector) since 2019. Between early 2020 and mid-2022, we were building and releasing different features on "early adopter" wikis. (You can read more about that in the answer to the question below, points 2–4.)

我们已经完成了该部分. Vector 2022不再是“测试”了. Currently, we inform about our intention to introduce Vector 2022 on more wikis. By the end of March 2023, we hope that Vector 2022 would be the default skin across almost all Wikimedia wikis.



为什么使用“改进”一词？
Because we have data indicating that the changes are for the better: 参见：
 * 1) We identified problems through research with both readers and editors. During this phase, in 2019, we studied the way people used the sites and identified the largest usability issues. We also identified issues to exploring the site further, becoming more engaged with reading or editing. We did this by interviewing readers and editors across multiple countries, locations, and languages. See: Research and design: Phase 1, Research and design: Phase 2.
 * 2) We built and tested prototypes. We built out the ideas of each feature and began showing them to the users. Each feature was tested with readers and editors through interviews and wider rounds of prototype testing. For testing with editors, we used central notice banners. We displayed them across multiple language and Wikimedia projects so that we can get a wide and diverse audience. Each prototype was tested by approximately 200 editors on average. (Example)
 * 3) We refined and built our features. We took the feedback from the prototype testing and refined or changed the prototypes accordingly. In some cases, we asked for additional feedback to ensure we're making the right decisions.
 * 4) We contacted various wikis asking to join the early adopters ("pilot wikis"). This was the "beta" phase. On these wikis, we performed quantitative tests for whether each feature worked as expected.
 * 5) We performed A/B testing on logged-in users. Unfortunately, we are not able to perform these on logged-out users. This is why we make before and after comparisons.
 * 6) When we had the test results, we compared the results with the criteria of success we had previously defined. When we got negative results from our test, we changed the feature and test again.
 * 7) Since this phase, we have also monitored usage across all wikis, where many account holders have already been using Vector 2022.
 * An encyclopedic article: Iterative and incremental development
 * A blog post: The iterative design of the Vector interface: the case of moving interlingual links



你们已在哪些wiki测试了这些更改？
The pilot wikis where we have been testing Vector 2022 have been:

以及： 
 * Office Wiki
 * 
 * MediaWiki wiki
 * Wikimedia Foundation Governance wiki
 * Collab wiki
 * Strategy wiki

为什么要命名为Vector 2022和旧版Vector？
The new skin is a continuation of many of the ideas in the original Vector skin. It is being built using the code the Vector skin uses. We wanted to maintain functional and visual continuity. Everything built and meant for legacy Vector should be working with our changes, or can be configured to do so fairly easily.

The version built in 2010 and developed until 2019 has been frozen. In other words, we will keep and maintain it, but will not be building new features for it.

We use the name Vector 2022 for purely technical reasons. This name marks when the new Vector was available to third-party wikis as a new skin. (Third parties mean those who install MediaWiki).

On each wiki, the skin name can be overriden by changing MediaWiki:Skinname-vector-2022. However, this may cause confusion since it won't change the associated skin key that is used for site and user styles.

See also: 
 * What CSS classes should be used to customize Vector 2022?

你们会移除旧版Vector吗？
不会.

旧版Vector皮肤仍将作为参数设置中的可选项存在，就像过去的默认皮肤（如Monobook）那样.



Target audience
<span id="Are_these_changes_made_for_readers,_and_not_for_editors?">

这些改变是为了读者，而不是为了编辑者？
Not exactly.

Our team (Web) works on the reading (viewing) experience on desktop and mobile browsers. Those who both view and edit, and those who view but do not edit, are one large group of the interface users. We work for all of them, bearing in mind that new and advanced editors have specific needs.

The goal of this project is to improve the reading experience on desktop without making editing more difficult.

That said, our movement strategy recommendations implore us to improve our user experience in an inclusive manner. In this spirit, the project has a specific goal of ensuring the free knowledge grows equitably in the future. When building, we made sure to collect the voices of readers from different demographics and geographies. We also wanted to make their opinions a focus when defining what we were to work on, and evaluating whether a given idea was able to satisfy their needs.

参见：
 * What do you do to ensure that the change is not half-finished?
 * What do you do for editors who need specific tools and features?
 * Past projects of the Web team

What tools are the Foundation building for editors?
At the Foundation, there are other teams working on projects dedicated specifically to editors. Among them, there are:
 * Community Tech – working on projects selected by the communities during the Community Wishlist Survey
 * Editing – working on the discussion tools
 * Growth – working on the Newcomer experience project
 * Moderator Tools – focusing on the moderation needs of medium-sized Wikimedia projects
 * Anti-Harassment Tools – working on tools for administrators, anti-vandalism patrollers

Do your changes have a negative effect on the editing statistics?
No.

We collect statistics of the editing activity on all wikis. Compared to wikis with Vector legacy (2010) as the default, on wikis with Vector 2022 as the default, there are no negative differences.

Do your changes make it more difficult to explore the community side of the wikis?
No.

Readers and new editors are intimidated by large numbers of links, options, and ways of exploring the editing (in other words, the community) side of the Wikimedia projects. This is a finding of our research.

We want more users to join the communities. We do this by limiting the number of the unhidden links, and bringing additional focus on the most relevant ones. All this is done in collaboration with the Growth and Editing teams.

参见：
 * Core Experiences
 * UX Myth #12: More choices and features result in higher satisfaction

Are you focused on Wikipedia articles?
Yes.

Wikipedia articles, as a whole, have the most part of the viewership and readership compared to other namespaces on Wikipedia or any other projects. We also make adjustments to pages from other namespaces and special pages. Pages which we have made special adjustments and configurations for include: main pages, pages specific to some sister projects, special pages, the 2010 wikitext editor, the 2017 wikitext editor, and the Visual Editor.

We have also been working with the Editing team to ensure that the work they are doing for talk pages aligns with our work, and that special configurations for talk pages are put in place.

Have you been mindful of sister projects?
Yes!

We aim to change the basic elements of the interface. Most features work on the sister projects just as well as they improve Wikipedia. We have made sure to test and build for different sister projects from the beginning of the project. We still make adjustments to the default features where necessary.

Non-Wikipedia projects, such as French Wiktionary, were also a part of our partner communities since 2020. We ensured we have had direct communication and feedback from them.

Regarding the adjustments, for example, on Wikisource, the limited width does not apply to the Page namespace provided by the Proofread Page extension.

Are you focused on English Wikipedia?
No.

We take into account the needs of various communities and test our changes across 30+ languages. We are also inspired by the interface and gadgets built on various wikis, for example Korean and Vietnamese Wikipedias.

What do you do to ensure that the change would work on my wiki?

 * Research we make is relevant to all wikis and includes voices from many different languages and projects.
 * We gather and incorporate feedback from the communities. Most issues are relevant to all wikis.
 * How we adjust our changes to sister projects – go to "Have you been mindful of sister projects?"
 * What is our approach to gadgets – go "What do you do for editors who need specific tools and features?"

What do you do to ensure that the change is not half-finished?
We make tweaks both before and after we introduce the changes on wikis to make sure they are up to the needs for individual communities. If you think your community would benefit from more adjustments and gadgets, see:


 * What do you do for editors who need specific tools and features?
 * How to customize Vector 2022?

After making these changes on all wikis, we will work on projects related to Desktop Improvements.

Have your changes been tested on users with disabilities?
Yes. We are working with the American Foundation for the Blind. We are asking various questions related to the accessibility of Vector 2022. See more on Phabricator.

<span id="Will_the_wikis_be_less_accessible_for_users_with_slow_Internet_connection?">

对网络链接较差的用户而言，维基项目是否会更难访问？
不会.

我们希望新皮肤的代码量能与旧版Vector相近.

参见：


 * How can I get both the old and the new table of contents?

Mobile, large screens, and responsiveness
<span id="Are_the_changes_inspired_by_mobile_design?">

这些更改是否受到了移动版设计的启发？
不是.

这些更改是专为桌面版作出的. 该项目所有相关的研究与测试均仅面向桌面版用户. We have, however, considered the experiences of people who use desktop in narrower screens (for example, if you have two tabs open side by side).

At this time, we do not have plans to merge the desktop and mobile experiences.

Will the new interface be responsive?
We've been working towards that goal, but it's not an official goal of the project.

If you want to make the interface responsive now and you're using Wikimedia wikis, add

to your global.js.

If your community would like this to be the default, please start a conversation on your wiki, and contact us when consensus is reached. We can then make the change.

Will you build a dedicated setting for high resolutions?
We don't have plans to build a specific setting at this time. We want the experience to be optimized for the majority of users, while still providing the tools necessary at all resolutions. We believe the current version of the new skin does this successfully. That said, we encourage personal customization!

See also:


 * What do you do for editors who need specific tools and features?



Why have you replaced the area used for content by an empty space?
Reading efficiently is crucial to most people using our projects. Our goal here is to improve the readability of the content. There are several factors that affect it – i.e. font size, contrast, font, line length, and empty space.


 * Shorter lines
 * 1) When reading short lines, readers don't move their eyes too much, use the eye's muscles less intensively, thus avoiding eye strain.
 * 2) Narrow paragraphs allow readers to memorize new information better.
 * 3) On websites, there should be between 35 and 100 characters per line. Numbers closer to the smaller end are preferred.
 * 4) The overwhelming number of major websites have similar limitations on content width. For example: academic journals like Nature, news websites like The New York Times, government and intergovernmental websites like the United Nations, academic documents like LaTeX, and word processors like Google Docs and Etherpad.


 * Empty (white) space


 * 1) White space is used for the eyes' resting spots. It helps readers over the age of 60 focus on content and increases content comprehension by 20%.
 * 2) People are able to focus more easily without the distraction of sidebars or other elements.
 * 3) We are using some of this space for other functionality. We have made the sidebar sticky, and have placed the table of contents next to the content. Also, limiting the content area gives us new options for the more distant future. Community members have suggested to put infoboxes, images, or references there. As a separate project, we will consider ways of using this space.

参见：


 * UX Myth #28: White space is wasted space

Why can’t we leave it for readers to narrow their browser windows down?
Most users don't resize their browser windows or use browser plugins to improve the design of the websites they view. Wikis should be good-looking immediately, in their basic form.

Some tables and templates don’t fit within the limited width
We should make sure that all of our content is as responsive as possible to accommodate all visitors. A large percentage of our users, who don’t have large screens and are accessing Wikipedia from their laptops, already had issues with tables and templates even before the change.

Why don’t you just make it a setting?
我们希望它成为默认设置. We are building a common experience that is shared between editors and readers. This could be helpful to editors when making decisions about page layouts*. Currently an editor might be editing a page at a width of 1500px, while a reader reads it at a width of 1200px. By implementing a limited width, we don’t remove this discrepancy (because there would still be variation below the max-width, for people with narrower screens), however we would be greatly limiting the range of variation.

<span id="Why_did_you_change_the_list_of_language_links?">

为什么你们修改了跨语言链接列表？
<span id="Why_couldn&#039;t_the_list_of_language_links_stay_in_the_sidebar?">

为什么跨语言链接列表不能留在侧边栏？
Because from the readers' perspective, the sidebar is not a place for useful links. Most readers focus on the content area. Links in the sidebar are practically hidden from their sight.

Also, we need to promote the variety of language versions of Wikimedia projects.

For more than 15 years, the list has been displayed in the sidebar. The most active users have developed muscle memory to look for that list in that place. This is why in the sidebar, we have placed a box with information about the language button being displayed in a new place.

Will the Wikidata links be closer to the list of language links?
Yes.

"", "", and "" will eventually be part of the menu activated by the language switching button ("language menu"). This is a task for the Language engineering team.

How to fix the coordinates displaying incorrectly near the languages button?
Consider pages which use page status indicators, pages which have banners or site notices, and the look of the pages at lower resolutions.

Why doesn't the button with language links appear at the top of the main page?
We have discovered that readers focus on the content page and ignore the sidebar. They will be more likely to switch between languages if the button with the language links appears at the top of the page, next to the heading.

On many wikis, headings on main pages are hidden. This is why the button with language links isn't displayed next to it. Instead, it's at the bottom of the main pages. It is possible to make it appear at the top, though.

参见：
 * How to make the button with language links appear at the top of the main page?

Why doesn't the table of contents work well on my mobile device or when I resize the browser?
Users on mobile and resized browsers account for a small fraction of page traffic. Because of this, we chose to build the feature for the majority of our users first. For narrow screens we plan to make the table of contents available as a sticky interface element that's accessible from anywhere in the page.

Note what is displayed to mobile devices differs from what you see when you resize your browser. On mobile devices, the site is currently presented as a zoomed out version of the desktop site.

<span id="Why_doesn&#039;t_it_appear_when_I_complete_an_edit?">

它为什么不在我完成编辑时出现？
这一功能还在开发中（T307251）. 当Vector 2022成为更多wiki的默认皮肤后，我们会进行修复.

Is it possible to change the label indicating the top of the page? ("")
可以.

This label should be distinct from the content headings. To do that, wikis written in different scripts (for example, Latin and Japanese) and different Wikimedia projects (Wikipedia and Wiktionary) may need to use different words and/or punctuation marks in this label. It is possible for each community to set up a label that would work just for them. This may be done by editing the page MediaWiki:Vector-toc-beginning.

How can I get both the old and the new table of contents?
这不可能.

We intentionally do not add the old table of contents in addition to the new sidebar location. It's a trade off. We have taken it to reduce the work involved maintaining the code and keeping the site work as good as possible. The old table of contents displayed in addition to the new one would have important technical disadvantages. It would increase the overall size of HTML, increase the storage requirement for our parser cache, and require additional CSS to render.

参见：


 * How to restore the old table of contents

How do magic words work with this feature?
The  and   magic words will not work as the table of contents is always in the sidebar and this cannot be changed.

However, magic words relating to the presence of the table of contents, such as, will continue to work. So will templates which then create an alternate ToC. For example, an article can disable the default ToC and apply its own if necessary.

All magic words will continue to work for other skins which render the ToC within the article.

I can't see the table of contents when the sidebar is open
This is a known problem.

This issue should only impact logged in users who have opened the sidebar. In the long term, we plan to reduce the size of this menu, and make the sidebar overlay content. Details and a prototype of how that will look can be found in T302073. This change is planned in the latter part of the year (October-December 2022). Further information can be found on the page about Page tools.

<span id="What_is_the_scope_of_the_project?"> 本项目的范围是什么？

<span id="Are_you_changing_Monobook_or_Timeless?"> Monobook或Timeless皮肤会受到影响吗？

不会.

这些修改仅应用于Vector. Vector是维基媒体项目2010年开始使用的默认界面. 其它的皮肤，如Monobook、Timeless、Minerva、Modern完全不会变动.

While working on Desktop Improvements, we did clean up the old skins' code, though. 我们让对旧皮肤进行新更改变得更加容易，并移除了这些皮肤从未使用过的选项及75%的PHP代码. 不过这些对用户所使用的界面没有影响.

参见：


 * How and why we moved our skins to Mustache

<span id="Are_you_improving_charts,_maps,_a-/f-/o-/tmboxes,_infoboxes,_navboxes,_and_other_templates?"> 你们将改进图表、地图、信息框元模板、信息框、导航框和其他模板吗？

不会.

We do not change anything within the light gray article content area (except for the table of contents):

<span id="Are_you_building_the_dark_mode?">

你们会开发暗黑模式吗？
不会，这次不会.

桌面版改进项目提供了暗黑模式所需的架构. 不过，制作暗黑模式是一个单独的项目. 这是因为该项目需要社群群策群力. 现在，许多模板还没有适配暗黑模式. 我们在开发移动应用程序时了解到了这一点.

最初，我们的暗黑模式将基于用户的操作系统偏好. 我们没有打算增加浏览器内切换的功能. 这是因为我们目前没有能让匿名用户修改参数设置的系统. 不过，这可以在以后添加进来.

<span id="What_are_the_features&#039;_success_metrics?">

这个功能的成功指标是什么？
通过以下措施提高我们现有受众的效用：


 * 互动性
 * 通过项目，增加5%的搜索率/每次会话
 * 通过项目，增加5%的语言切换率


 * 亲和力
 * 增加对网站的正面和喜爱情绪（通过用户调查和测试）
 * 增加信任感和可信度（通过调查和用户测试度量）

当我们更具体地定义要进行的更改时，我们将在此列表上进行扩展和更新.

参考文献