How to become a MediaWiki hacker/fr

Cet article est destiné à aider les développeurs novices à développer les aptitudes nécessaire à la contribution au développement de MediaWiki.

Si vous êtes développeur expérimenté, voyez plutôt .

Résumé
MediaWiki est le logicel qui propulse Wikipédia, ses projets frères et des milliers d'autres wikis dans le monde. Il tourne sur la plupart des systèmes d'exploitation, est écrit dans le langage PHP, utilise de préférence la base de donnée MySQL et utilise JQuery en tant que bibliothèque JavaScript pour les clients web. Le développement de MediaWiki est principalement assuré par la fondation MediaWiki, bien que des développeurs volontaires de la communauté jouent un énorme rôle également.

Cette page devrait vous aider à démarrer sur le chemin de la contribution à MediaWiki. Ce n'est pas un tutoriel, c'est simplement un point d'entrée vers les endroits divers et variés ou vous pourrez apprendre ce qui est nécessaire.

Commencer
En tout premier, complétez  and Le tutoriel Gerrit pour télécharger notre code, le tester et commencer à soumettre des patches. Il existe deux manières de mettre en place votre environnement de développement: utiliser une machine virtuelle pré-configurée (setup), ou manuellement.

Machine virtuelle avec Vagrant

 * installation de Vagrant - Ces étapes installeront un serveur MediaWiki avec tous les prérequis dans une machine virtuelle Linux (utilisable sous Linux, Windows, ou Mac)

Installation à la main

 * Configuration requise pour l'installation — Vérifiez la configuration matérielle requise, et installez un serveur LAMP, MAMP ou WAMP (Linux, Mac or Windows, plus Apache, MySQL/MariaDB and PHP).
 * — Téléchargez la dernière version du code source à partir de Git.
 * — Continuez avec l'installation et la configuration initiale.
 * Configurez les différents modes de débogage dans votre environnement pour afficher les messages d'erreurs et de mise en garde (warning) de manière préventive.

Il n'est pas nécessaire de télécharger les "dumps" de la base de données Wikipedia dans l'ordre pour pouvoir développer des fonctionnalités MediaWiki. En fait, dans la plupart des cas il est plus facile d'utiliser une base de données presque vide avec quelques pages de test spécialement adaptées. Cependant, si pour une raison particulière vous souhaitez avoir une copie de Wikipedia, vous pouvez récupérer un "dump".

Lectures suggérées


Recommandations générales
Si vous choisissez de travailler sur un rapport de bogues qui nécessite l'écriture ou la modification de code, vous devriez au moins jeter un coup d’œil sur les pages suivantes :

 
 * Les deux voies principales pour commencer avec le développement MediaWiki sont de soit résoudre un  petit bug ennuyeux dans le code existant, ou bien d'ajouter une nouvelle fonctionnalité, généralement par le biais d'une extension MediaWiki.
 * Les conventions de codage et toutes les sous-pages applicables à votre tâche (,, , ...)
 * En suivant les lignes directrices des messages "Commit", et plus particulièrement la section Exemple dans le bas, ajoutera automatiquement une notification en rapport avec votre patch pour le rapport correspondant en $Phab. Hence there is no need anymore to add a "Please review" comment in the report.
 * Check your code against the pre-commit checklist. Don't skip this step ; you'll be happy you didn't.
 * Getting code reviews. Trouver et ajouter des gens pour la revue de votre patch.
 * Amending a change. Don't create a new Gerrit changeset to fix your previous one!
 * In most cases when working with MediaWiki, you do not want to hack MediaWiki core unless you really know what you're doing.

Retours, questions et support
 
 * You are expected to do some basic research yourself first: Look at the code, try to get some understanding what it is supposed to do, read related documentation, try to find the probable place(s) where you need to make changes in order to fix the bug.
 * If you have general questions about infrastructure, the software architecture or workflows which are not tied to the specific bug that you want to work on, use generic channels like, mailing lists, or wiki discussion pages. For example, if you have a problem with Gerrit, the Gerrit discussion page could be a good place to ask.
 * If you have a specific question about the bug itself, comment in the corresponding report. "What do I have to do to fix this bug?" is not a good question to start with: The more specific your questions are, the more likely somebody can answer them quickly. If you have no idea at all how to fix the bug, maybe that bug is not (yet) for you - please consider finding an easier one first.
 * When asking, elaborate what you have tried and found out already, so others can help at the right level. Try to be specific - for example, copy and paste your commands and their output (if not too long) instead of paraphrasing in your own words. This avoids misunderstandings.
 * Avoid private email or support requests in our social media channels.
 * Please be patient when seeking input and comments. On IRC, don't ask to ask, just ask: most questions can be answered by other community members too if you ask on an IRC channel. If nobody answers, please ask on the bug report or wiki page related to the problem; don't just drop the question.
 * Learn more at.

Faire savoir que vous travaillez sur un bogue
You do not need to be set as the assignee in a bug report or announce your plans before you start working on a bug, but it is welcome. At the latest when you are close to creating a patch for the bug, it is good to announce in a comment that you are working on it. Your announcement also helps others to not work on the bug at the same time and duplicate work.

Also note that if a bug report already has a recent link to a patch in Gerrit and has the project "Patch-For-Review" associated, you should choose a different bug to work on instead - avoid duplicating work. If the patch in Gerrit has not been merged and has not seen any changes for a long time, you could also pick up that existing patch and try to improve it.

If you stop working on a task you should remove yourself as the assignee of a bug report and reset the assignee to the default assignee, so others know that they can work on the bug report and don't expect you to still work on it.

By communicating early you will get more attention, feedback and help from community members. 

Travailler sur les extensions
If you choose to work on MediaWiki extensions code, the following links provide more information.


 * MediaWiki extensions primers:
 * Developing extensions — How to write an extension for MediaWiki.
 * Writing an extension for deployment — If you intend to have your extension deployed on Wikimedia sites (including possibly Wikipedia), additional scrutiny is warranted in terms of performance and security.
 * Extension writing tutorial


 * MediaWiki extensions resources:
 * List of simple extensions — A simple way to become more familiar with how extensions work.
 * A brief introduction to MediaWiki extension development — A video presentation about how to create a MediaWiki extension (slides).
 * Making a MediaWiki extension — Covers how to develop an extension for Mediawiki, best practices, and how to engage the Mediawiki community. From February 2011.
 * Special page template — Add a special page to display some handy information.
 * Extending wiki markup — Add a parser hook to modify the content of wikitext.

PHP
MediaWiki is written in PHP, so you'll need to get familiar with PHP to hack MediaWiki's core.


 * Apprendre PHP
 * Tutoriel PHP — Available in many different languages. If you have no knowledge of PHP but know how to program in other object-oriented programming languages, PHP will be easy for you to learn.
 * PHP Programming at Wikibooks.
 * PHP topic at Wikiversity.


 * PHP resources:
 * The PHP manual — Available in many different languages.
 * PHP coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.


 * Truc à savoir:
 * The script  in MediaWiki provides a basic PHP interpreter with MediaWiki objects and classes loaded.

Base de données
Many features require some amount of database manipulation, so you'll often need to be familiar with MySQL/MariaDB.


 * Learn MySQL/MariaDB
 * Tutoriel MySQL — From the MySQL 5.0 reference manual.
 * MySQL at Wikibooks.


 * MySQL/MariaDB resources
 * MySQL Reference Manuals — Available in many different languages.
 * MariaDB Knowledge Base
 * Database coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.


 * Truc à savoir:
 * Test your code with MySQL/MariaDB.
 * MediaWiki currently uses MySQL and MariaDB as the primary database back-end. It also supports other DBMSes, such as PostgreSQL and SQLite. However, almost all developers use MySQL/MariaDB and don't test other DBs, which consequently break on a regular basis. You're therefore advised to use MySQL/MariaDB when testing patches, unless you're specifically trying to improve support for another DB. In the latter case, make sure you're careful not to break MySQL/MariaDB (or write queries that are horribly inefficient in it), since MySQL/MariaDB is what everybody else uses.

JavaScript et CSS
JavaScript and CSS have become omnipresent in front-end code. You don't have to be familiar with JavaScript, jQuery and CSS to work on MediaWiki, but you might need to, depending on what you choose to work on.


 * Learn JavaScript and CSS
 * JavaScript and CSS at Wikibooks.
 * Getting Started with jQuery — A jQuery tutorial.


 * JavaScript and CSS resources
 * JavaScript coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.
 * CSS coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.

MediaWiki
The MediaWiki code base is large and some parts are ugly; don't be overwhelmed by it. When you're first starting off, aim to write features or fix bugs which are constrained to a small region of code.


 * MediaWiki primers and must-reads:
 * MediaWiki architecture — A high-level overview of the main components of MediaWiki and how they work with each other.
 *  — An overview of why and how to write secure code.


 * ressources sur MédiaWiki:
 * — Une liste de fichiers importants et des liens vers des informations plus détaillées.
 * — A list of hooks. If you're trying to find what part of the codebase does something, often a good place to start is by searching for the related hooks.
 * — An overview of general coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.
 * Intro-to-MediaWiki workshop syllabus — Ways to hack MediaWiki, from user preferences to extensions and core.
 * Documentation du code — Automatically generated documentation from the code and code comments.
 * — A guide to debugging MediaWiki.
 * — A tool to interact with MediaWiki objects live.

Voir aussi

 * atelier comment apprendre à bidouiller MediaWiki (Learn how to hack MediaWiki)
 * – When you've thoroughly read the information in this article, it's time to move on to the information in the developer hub.
 * MediaWiki Virtual Library (MVL) books; this page forms also part of the MediaWiki Developers Guide.