How to become a MediaWiki hacker/it

Questo articolo è stato scritto per aiutare gli sviluppatori ad apprendere le abilità necessarie per contribuire allo sviluppo di MediaWiki core (il nucleo base) e delle estensioni aggiuntive per Mediawiki. Nella maggior parte dei casi, nell'utilizzare MediaWiki, non sarà necessario modificarla, a meno che non si sappia veramente bene ciò che si sta facendo.

Il primo approccio per iniziare con lo sviluppo di Wikimedia è quello di contribuire a un progetto Wikimedia assistito da parte di utenti già esperti (progetto con mentoring). Un'alternativa senza assistenza è quella di sistemare qualche eventuale piccolo bug fastidioso

Se sei uno sviluppatore avanzato e hai già maneggiato la funzione di MediaWiki, visita la .

Per sapere altri modi di contribuire nella comunità di Wikimedia, vedi .

Panoramica
MediaWiki è il software che permette di lavorare su Wikipedia, su i suoi progetti collegati, e su migliaia di pagine in tutto il mondo.

MediaWiki è scritto nel linguaggio di programmazione PHP. Esso usa jQuery e anche la libreria cliente di JavaScript.

MediaWiki è scritto principalmente per la piattaforma LAMP, e gira sulla maggior parte dei sistemi operativi. MediaWiki usa principalmente server di MySQL o MariaDB.

Lo Sviluppo avviene nello stile open source style, è ampiamente coordinato online, e supportato da Wikimedia Foundation, anche se gli sviluppatori di comunità volontarie svolgono un ruolo enorme.

Segui questo tutorial per impostare Git e Gerrit allo scopo di inviare correzioni.
 * La Discussione sullo sviluppo avviene su diverse mailing lists e canali IRC. L'elenco principale degli sviluppatori è wikitech-l. I canali IRC principali degli sviluppatori sono and.
 * Source code is managed using the Git revision control system and can be viewed here
 * Code review is performed on and can be viewed here.
 * Bug reports and tasks are managed on and can be viewed here

Questa pagina ti aiuterà a diventare un collaboratore di MediaWiki. It is not a tutorial; it just points you to various places where you can go learn whatever is necessary.

Imposta il tuo ambiente di sviluppo
Molti progetti usano Git e Gerrit. Segui il Gerrit tutorial per impostare la tua utenza di sviluppo. Then you can move on to downloading our code, making changes, testing them, and submitting patches. There are two ways to set up your development environment: using a pre-configured virtual machine setup (Docker or Vagrant), or a manual configuration approach.

Docker development environment
This is the recommended method.
 * MediaWiki Docker – Run MediaWiki using Docker (can be used on Linux, Windows, or macOS hosts).

You can also try the experimental mwcli tool which provides basic orchestration functionality for MediaWiki docker containers.

Virtual Machine with Vagrant

 * Vagrant installation — These steps will install MediaWiki server with all the requirements inside a Linux virtual machine (can be used on Linux, Windows, or Mac hosts).

Vagrant is a powerful tool, but it is more complex and less robust than Docker, and significantly more resource-intensive. It is mainly aimed at developers who need to set up complex, flexible environments, e.g. for testing the interaction of multiple extensions.

Manuale di installazione

 * Installation requirements — Check hardware requirements, and install a LAMP, MAMP or WAMP server (Linux, Mac or Windows, plus Apache, MySQL/MariaDB and PHP).
 * — Download the latest source code from Git.
 * — Continue with the installation and initial configuration.
 * Set up the various debug modes in your environment to display warning and errors early.

It's not necessary to download Wikipedia database dumps in order to develop MediaWiki features. In fact, in many cases it's easier to use a near-empty database with a few specially-crafted test pages. However, if for some reason you want to have a copy of Wikipedia, you can get a dump.

PHP
MediaWiki è programmato in PHP, perciò devi avere destrezza con il linguaggio PHP per contribuire a MediaWiki.


 * Apprendere il PHP
 * Tutorial di PHP — Disponibile in molte lingue diverse. Se non apprendi il linguaggio PHP ma sai programmare in altri linguaggi informatici, per te il PHP sarà facile da apprendere.
 * PHP Programming at Wikibooks.
 * PHP topic at Wikiversity.


 * PHP resources :
 * Manuale del PHP — Disponibile in molte lingue diverse.
 * PHP coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.


 * Stuff to know :
 * The script  in MediaWiki provides a basic PHP interpreter with MediaWiki objects and classes loaded.
 * Also, the script  in MediaWiki is a replacement of   based on PsySH, see Manual:Shell.php

Database
Many features require some amount of database manipulation, so you'll often need to be familiar with MySQL/MariaDB.


 * Learn MySQL/MariaDB
 * MySQL tutorial — From the MySQL reference manual.
 * MySQL at Wikibooks.


 * MySQL/MariaDB resources
 * MySQL Reference Manuals — Available in many different languages.
 * MariaDB Knowledge Base
 * Database coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.


 * Stuff to know :
 * Test your code with MySQL/MariaDB.
 * MediaWiki currently uses MySQL and MariaDB as the primary database back-end. It also supports other DBMSes, such as PostgreSQL and SQLite. However, almost all developers use MySQL/MariaDB and don't test other DBs, which consequently break on a regular basis. You're therefore advised to use MySQL/MariaDB when testing patches, unless you're specifically trying to improve support for another DB. In the latter case, make sure you're careful not to break MySQL/MariaDB (or write queries that are horribly inefficient in it), since MySQL/MariaDB is what everybody else uses.

JavaScript and CSS
JavaScript and CSS have become omnipresent in front-end code. You don't have to be familiar with JavaScript, jQuery and CSS to work on MediaWiki, but you might need to, depending on what you choose to work on.


 * Learn JavaScript and CSS
 * JavaScript and CSS at Wikibooks.
 * Getting Started with jQuery — A jQuery tutorial.
 * Learning JavaScript — references and sources.


 * JavaScript and CSS resources
 * JavaScript coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.
 * CSS coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.

MediaWiki
The MediaWiki code base is large and some parts are ugly; don't be overwhelmed by it. When you're first starting off, aim to write features or fix bugs which only touch a small region of code.


 * MediaWiki basics and must-reads :
 *  — A high-level overview of the main components of MediaWiki and how they work with each other.
 *  — An overview of why and how to write secure code.


 * MediaWiki resources :
 * — A list of important files and links to more detailed information.
 * — A list of hooks. If you're trying to find what part of the codebase does something, often a good place to start is by searching for the related hooks.
 * — An overview of general coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.


 * Code documentation ( class reference ) — Automatically generated documentation from the code and code comments.
 * — A guide to debugging MediaWiki.
 * — A tool to interact with MediaWiki objects live.

MediaWiki extensions
If you choose to work on MediaWiki extensions code, the following links provide more information.


 * MediaWiki extensions basics:
 * Developing extensions — How to write an extension for MediaWiki.
 * Extension writing tutorial


 * MediaWiki extensions resources:
 * Best practices for extensions
 * A brief introduction to MediaWiki extension development — A video presentation about how to create a MediaWiki extension (slides).
 * Making a MediaWiki extension — Covers how to develop an extension for MediaWiki, best practices, and how to engage the MediaWiki community. Dal febbraio 2011
 * Help for extension developers on the Developer Hub

Vedi anche

 * Search for code across repositories
 * – When you've thoroughly read the information in this article, it's time to move on to the information in the developer hub.