API:Data formats

Input
The API takes its input through parameters provided by the query string, or from a POST entity in application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data format.

Every module (and every  submodule) has its own set of parameters, which are listed in the documentation and in action=help. They can also be retrieved through .

Encoding
All input should be valid UTF-8, in NFC form.

MediaWiki will attempt to convert other formats, which may result in an error.

Multivalue parameters
Some parameters take multiple values, separated by a pipe character.

For example, to submit the three values,  , and   for the parameter  , you would put   in the query.

Whether a parameter accepts multiple values is listed explicitly in  and.

The documentation does not distinguish multivalue parameters explicitly, but the descriptions for these parameters are usually along the lines of "A list of ..." or "A pipe-separated list of ...".

If you need to submit a list of values where some of the values contain a pipe character (which should be rare - most multivalue parameters are lists of page titles or usernames, neither of which can contain pipes), you can use the unit separator character instead:   (where  stands for U+001F) will submit the three values,   and.

(Note that there is an extra  at the beginning. This is mandatory to avoid ambiguity around submitting a single value containing a pipe.)

Boolean values
Boolean parameters work like HTML checkboxes: if the parameter is specified in the HTTP request, regardless of value, it is considered true. For a false value, omit the parameter entirely.

The best way to specify a true parameter in an HTTP request is to use ; the trailing   ensures the browser or HTTP library does not discard the "empty" someParam.

Timestamps
Parameters that take timestamp values accept multiple timestamp formats:


 * ISO 8601 format :
 * MySQL's internal timestamp format :
 * UNIX timestamp format  ( number of seconds since January 1, 1970 )
 * UNIX timestamp format  ( number of seconds since January 1, 1970 )

In the output, timestamps are always in ISO 8601 format.

Output
MediaWiki API has historically supported a number of different formats, but this has significantly complicated further development.

We would like to standardize on just one JSON format.

For now, MediaWiki discourages, but still supports two additional generic output formats (XML and PHP).

You should always specify the format with the input (request) parameter  and a lowercase value.

Feed modules like api>Special:MyLanguage/API:Feedrecentchanges|Feed Recent Changes override the standard output format, instead using RSS or Atom, as specified by their  parameter.

In those cases, the format specified in the  parameter is only used if there's an error.

All formats other than JSON are deprecated.

XML and PHP are still supported, but all others have been removed in either MediaWiki 1.26 or 1.27; see the table below.

All new API users should use JSON.

Clients written in PHP should avoid using the PHP format because it is fundamentally insecure.

It is maintained for now only due to its popularity.

Unless specified, all modules allow data output in all generic formats.

To simplify debugging, all generic formats have "pretty-print in HTML" alternatives with an  suffix.

The default format changed in MediaWiki 1.25 to ; it was   in earlier MediaWiki releases.

Note that while the pretty-print formats are all indented and separate syntactic elements with newlines, the non-pretty formats don't do this.

There are many conversion libraries and online converters to convert JSON responses to other formats—for example, JSON-CSV converts to Comma-Separated Values

JSON parameters
and  accept the following additional parameters:


 * Specify   for to get json (and php) format responses in a format2>Special:MyLanguage/API:JSON version 2|cleaner format. This also encodes most non-ASCII characters as UTF-8.
 * Specify <tvar|formatversion> </> for to get json (and php) format responses in a format2>Special:MyLanguage/API:JSON version 2</>|cleaner format. This also encodes most non-ASCII characters as UTF-8.
 * Specify <tvar|formatversion> </> for to get json (and php) format responses in a format2>Special:MyLanguage/API:JSON version 2</>|cleaner format. This also encodes most non-ASCII characters as UTF-8.

Callback restrictions
When using JSON in callback mode, a number of things are disabled for security:


 * Tokens cannot be obtained (so state-changing actions aren't possible)


 * The client is treated as an anonymous user (i.e. not logged in) for all purposes, even after logging in through <tvar|1></>


 * This means that things that require additional rights, such as, won't work unless anonymous users are allowed to use them

Examples
'' it may be useful to add the <tvar|index>'&indexpageids'</> parameter, to parse the json if the pageid ("736") is not known before the result. ''