Help:Templates/nqo

ߣߌ߫ ߛߓߍߟߌ߫ ߞߟߊ߬ߟߊ߬ߡߊ ߘߏ߫ ߦߵߌ ߓߟߏ߫ ߌ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߊߘߏ߲߬ ߞߏ ߘߐ߫ ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߛߌߦߊߡߊ߲߫ ߠߎ߫ ߟߊ߫߸ ߡߋߘߌߦߊߥߞߌ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ ߘߌ߫ ߣߊ߬ ߞߍߟߌ߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊ߬. ߘߐ߬ߥߙߊ߬ߟߌ ߣߌ߫ ߟߊߛߋߢߊߥߙߍ ߞߐߕߐ߮ ߟߎ߬ ߛߋ߲߬ ߕߴߊ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߓߊߏ߬ ߡߊ߬ߞߍ߬ߦߙߐ ߕߊ߲ߓߊ߲ ߕߍ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߦߋ߫. ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߛߓߍߣߍ߲߫ ߞߎߘߊ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߥߟߴߊ߬ ߟߊߞߎ߲߬ߘߎ߬ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߓߊߟߌߟߌ ߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߞߍߣߍ߲߫ ߞߘߐ ߘߊߞߘߐ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ ߟߊߝߏ߬ߦߌ߬ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߝߘߊ߫ ߥߞߌ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߟߊߒߡߊ߫ ߘߐ߫ ߥߞߌߔߋߘߌߦߊ߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߊߛߣߍ߫ ߕߊ߯ߦߙߐ߫ ߥߞߌ ߘߐ߫.

ߛߌ߲ߘߟߌ
ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߥߞߌ ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߞߟߊ߬ߟߊ߬ߡߊ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߞߣߐߘߐ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐߓߍ߲߬ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߴߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߴߴߥߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ߞߌ߬ߴߴ (ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߠߊ߫) ߞߊ߲ߡߊ߬ ߞߐߜߍ ߕߐ߭ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫. ߞߙߊߞߏ (ߕߊ߲ߔߑߟߋߕ) ߦߋ߫ ߓߍ߲߬ߡߊ߬ߞߊ߲ ߠߋ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߬ߕߏ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߕߐ߮ ߦߋ߫ ߢߍߣߙߊ ߘߌ߫ ߴߴ ߴߴ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߊ߫߸ ߣߴߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߍ߬ߡߍ߲߬ߘߌ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߕߐ߯ߛߓߍߞߣߍ ߣߌ߲߬ ߠߊ߫: ߣߴߏ߬ ߕߍ߫ ߘߏ߲߬߸ ߌ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߛߌ߲ߘߌ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߦߏ߫ ߥߞߌ߫ ߞߐߜߍ ߕߐ߭ ߟߎ߬.

ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊߟߌ ߣߐ߰ߡߊ߲߬ߓߊ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߢߊ ߢߌ߲߬ ߠߎ߬ ߞߊ߲߬. ߣߴߌ ߞߊ߬ ߞߐߜߍ ߘߏ߫ ߛߌ߲ߘߌ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߞߟߌ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߏ߫ "ߞߙߊߞߏ:ߌ ߣߌ߫ ߛߣߍ߫" ߞߣߐߘߐ ߟߎ߬ ߘߌ߫:

ߌ ߣߌ߫ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬߹ ߌ ߣߌ߫ ߛߣߍ߫ ߥߞߌ ߞߊ߲߬.

ߌ ߓߘߴߌ ߟߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ߫ ߝߟߐ ߛߌ߲ߘߌ߫߹ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߣߴߌ ߞߊ߬ ߘߏߞߊ߲ (ߞߐߘ) ߠߊߘߏ߲߬:

ߦߋ߫ ߞߐߜߍ ߛߎ߯-ߎ-ߛߎ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߣߌ߫ ߞߐߜߍ ߏ߬ ߦߌ߬ߘߊ߬ ߘߊ߫ ߛߓߍߟߌ "ߌ ߣߌ߫ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬߹ ߌ ߣߌ߫ ߛߣߍ߫ ߥߞߌ ߞߊ߲߬." ߏ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߓߐ߫  ߘߌ߫ ߞߋߟߋ߲ߘߌ߫ ߘߌ߫. ߏ߬ ߓߊ߯ ߞߍ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߣߐߘߐ ߟߎ߬ ߘߌ߫ "ߟߊߥߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ߞߌ߫" ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߜߘߍ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߢߊߝߐߟߌ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ ߞߐߜߍ ߏ߬ ߟߊ߫.

ߌ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫  ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߞߐߜߍ ߛߎ߮ ߓߍ߯ ߦߙߐ ߘߏ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߌ ߦߴߊ߬ ߝߍ߬ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߡߍ߲ ߠߊ߫ ߡߐ߱ ߘߏ߫ ߟߊߛߣߍ߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊ߬. ߡߍ߲ ߞߊߞߊ߲߫ ߞߊ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߁߀߀ ߟߎ߫ ߟߊ߫. ߣߴߌ ߘߏ߲߬ ߞߊ߬ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߣߐߘߐ ߟߎ߬ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߞߍ߫:

ߌ ߣߌ߫ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߫ ߦߋ߲߬߹ ߌ ߣߌ߫ ߛߣߍ߫ ߥߞߌ߫ ߡߊߞߓߊߣߍ߲ ߞߊ߲߬.

ߌ ߓߊ߯ ߥߊ߫ ߓߐ߫ ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߁߀߀ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߛߎ߯-ߎ-ߛߎ߫ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߌ ߣߊ߬ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߌ ߘߌ߫ ߥߊ߫ ߛߓߍߟߌ߫ ߞߎߘߊ߫ ߕߍ߬ߘߍ߫ ߦߋ߲߬ ߡߍ߲ ߣߴߌ ߟߊ߫ ߟߊ߬ߘߏ߲߬ߣߍ߲ ߕߍ߫ ߞߋߟߋ߲߫ ߘߌ߫. ߒ߬ߓߊ߬ ߢߊ ߏ߬ ߡߊ߬߸ ߌ ߓߘߊ߫ ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߁߀߀ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߞߣߐߘߐ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߫ ߠߵߏ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߕߘߍ߬ ߌ ߡߴߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߫߸ ߓߊߏ߬ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߓߘߊ߫ ߟߊߥߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ߞߌ߫ ߞߐߜߍ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫.

ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߦߋ߫ ߕߙߏ߬ߞߏ߬ߦߊ ߓߊߖߎߡߊ ߘߌ߫. ߟߥߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ߞߌ߬ߟߌ ߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߢߊ ߡߞߊ߬ߝߏ߬ߟߌ ߥߙߍߓߊߓߊ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߦߋ߲߬߸ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߕߙߏ߬ߞߏ߬ߦߊ ߏ߬ ߘߝߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߕߊ߫ ߞߏߟߌߞߏߟߌ ߘߌ߫.

ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊߟߌ
ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߛߌߟߊ ߣߌ߲߬ ߠߎ߫ ߝߍ߬:


 * - ߞߍ߫ ߕߐ߯ߛߓߍߣߍ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߛߊ߲ߝߍ߬߸ ߛߘߌ߬ߜߋ߲ ߏ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ:ߕߐ߮ ߣߐ߬ߘߐߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ ߖߝߊߕߌ߫߹ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߛߘߌ߬ߜߋ߲ ߴߴߟߊߘߏ߲߬ߣߍ߲߬ߴߴ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐߜߍ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊ߫. ߛߘߌ߬ߜߋ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߓߊ߬ߟߌ߬ߦߊ ߘߐ߫ ߞߐߜߍ ߟߎ߬ ߓߐߖߎ ߟߊ߫.
 * — ߣߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߣߌ߲߬ ߛߘߌ߬ߜߋ߲ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߘߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߣߐ߬ߘߐߓߌ߬ߟߊ߫ ߛߋ߲߬ߧߊ߬ ߞߋߟߋ߲߫ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ:ߕߐ߮ ߞߣߐߘߐ ߓߍ߯ ߝߣߊ߫ ߟߴߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߣߌ߫ ߛߘߌ߬ߜߋ߲ ߴߴߠߊߞߎ߲߬ߘߎ߬ߵߵ ߘߊ߫: ߞߙߊߞߏ:ߕߐ߮ ߞߣߐߘߐ ߓߊߞߎߘߊ ߘߌ߫ ߣߐ߬ߘߐߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߛߘߌ߬ߜߋ߲ ߠߊ߫. ߏ߬ ߓߊ߯ ߞߍ߫ ߞߣߐߘߐ ߓߘߊ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߛߋ߲߬ߓߐߣߍ߲ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߫ ߠߊ߫ ߢߊߓߘߍ ߡߊ߬߸ ߝߘߊߟߌߓߟߏߡߊ߬ ߞߐߜߍ ߓߐߛߎ߲ ߡߊ߬. ߴߴߞߟߏߜߍߴߴ: ߡߊ߬ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߠߌ߲߬ ߜߘߍ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߞߍߕߐ߫ ߞߐߝߍ߬ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߓߐߛߎ߲ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߕߍߣߊ߬ ߟߊߖߍ߲ߛߍ߲߫ ߠߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߛߘߌ߬ߜߋ߲ ߞߐߜߍ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫.
 * - ߦߋ߫ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߬ ߣߘߐ߬ߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ߟߌ ߟߊߘߤߊ߬ ߡߍ߲ ߕߍ߫ ߥߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ߞߌ߬ߟߌ߬ ߗߌߙߏ߲ߣߍ߲߫ ߘߌ߫߸ ߣߌ߲߬ w:en:Help:Substitution ߘߐߜߍ߫.
 * ߦߋ߫ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߛߴߊ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߓߐ߫ ߖߙߎߡߎ߲߫ ߘߐ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߥߞߌ ߟߊߞߊ߬ߝߏ߬ߣߍ߲ ߠߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ (syntax) ߛߍ߲ߕߊߞߛ (ߦߏ߫  ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫) ߣߵߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐߜߍ ߘߴߏ߬ ߘߴߊ߬ ߖߊ߬ߛߏ߲߬.

ߞߍߟߌ ߘߐ߫߸ ߥߞߌ߫ ߡߊߟߐ߲ߣߍ߲ ߞߐߜߍ ߟߎ߬ ߝߣߊ߫ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߌ߫߸ ߞߊ߬ ߕߐ߯ߛߓߍߞߣߍ ߞߙߍߞߙߍ߫ ߜߊ߲߯ߛߊ߲߫ ߠߊ߫ ߊ߬ ߢߊߞߍߣߍ߲߫ ߡߍ߲ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߞߊ߬:


 * ߟߊߘߏ߲߬
 * ߟߊߘߏ߲߬
 * ߟߊߘߏ߲߬
 * ߣߐ߬ߘߐߓߌ߬ߟߊ߫ ߊ߬ ߖߘߍ߬ ߟߊ߫  ߞߣߐߘߐ ߟߊ߫.

ߣߌ߫ ߕߐ߯ ߞߣߍ߫ ߛߎ߮ ߏ߬ ߡߊ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߦߋ߲߬߸ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߐ߮ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߞߊ߬ߝߏ߬ߣߍ߲ ߞߊߞߊ߲߫ ߞߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߌ߫:


 * ߟߊߘߏ߲߬

ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ
ߖߐ߲߬ߛߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߟߥߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ߞߌ߬ߟߌ ߕߙߏ߬ߞߏ߬ߦߊ ߘߝߊ߫߸ ߡߋߘߌߦߊߥߞߌ߫ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߘߌ߬ߢߍ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߌ߫ ߣߴߊ߬ ߟߊߥߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ߞߌ߫ ߘߊ߫. ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߟߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊߘߌ߬ߢߍ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߞߣߐߘߐ߫ ߓߐߣߍ߲ߢߐ߲߯ߡߊ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߥߟߏ߫ ߤߊߡߊ߲߫ ߞߊ߬ ߗߋߘߊ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߟߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߫.

ߌ ߞߊߞߊ߲߫ ߞߊ߬ ߌ ߣߌ߫ ߗߋ߫ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߐ߮ ߞߟߏ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߟߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߙߊ߬ߟߊ߫ ߞߐߜߍ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߞߎߡߊ߫ ߞߐߜߍ ߘߐ߫߸ ߦߏ߫ ߕߊ߲߫:

ߌ ߣߌ߫ ߗߋ߫ ߛߓߍߟߌ ߞߎ߲߭ ߦߋ߫ (ߦߙߐ ߣߌ߲߬ ߠߋ ߘߌ߫߸ ߴߴߌ ߟߊ߫ ߛߋߞߏߦߊ ߓߍ߯ ߟߊ߫ߴߴ) ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߟߊ߬ߣߐ (ߒߠߋ). ߌ ߟߊ߫ ߝߋ߲ ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߟߋ߬߸ ߟߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߙߊ߬ߟߊ ߓߍ߯ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߌ ߣߌ߫ ߗߋ ߗߋ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߙߊ߬ߟߊ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߡߊ߬߸ ߞߎ߲߬ ߜߘߍ ߛߎ߯-ߎ-ߛߎ߫ ߣߌ߫ ߦߙߐ ߛߎ߯-ߎ-ߛߎ߫ ߘߐ߫.

ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߛߍߓߟߌ ߟߎ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߡߎߣߎ߲ߧߊ߫ ߦߙߐ ߓߍ߯ ߘߐ߫ ߊ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊߣߍ߲߫ ߡߍ߲ ߘߐ߫߸ ߌ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߏ߫ ߡߊߕߍ߰ ߟߊ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߞߟߌ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߏ߫, ߞߵߏ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊߒߡߊ ߘߌ߫. ߛߓߍߟߌ ߘߌ߫ ߡߎߣߎ߲߫ ߢߐ߲߯ ߠߊ߫ ߕߋ߲߬ ߝߛߊߦߌ߫߹ ߣߌ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߙߊ߬ߟߊ ߘߏ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߟߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߙߊ߬ߟߊ߫ ߓߏߙߌߞߊߓߌߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߞߣߐߘߐ߫ ߞߙߍߞߙߍߣߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ (ߏ߬ ߞߘߐ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߞߎ߲߭ ߣߴߊ߬ ߞߟߊ߬ߣߐ) ߟߎ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߝߘߏ߬ ߢߐ߲߮ ߡߊ߬. ߞߎ߲߭ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߞߏߛߐ߲߬߸ ߌ ߞߊ߲ߞߊ߲߫ ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߫ ߟߊߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߬ ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߟߎ߬ ߘߌ߫. ߣߴߊ߲ ߞߊ߬ ߝߛߌ߬ ߘߎ߲ߡߊߣߍ߲ ߘߏ߫ ߡߊߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ ߞߏ߲߬ߘߏ ߛߏ߯ߙߏߟߌ ߣߌ߫ ߖߌ߬ߦߊ߬ߓߍ ߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ߞߏ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߣߐߘߐ ߕߍߡߟߊ ߘߌ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߣߌ߲߬ ߘߌ߫:

ߌ ߦߟߌߣߐ ߕߏ߫  ߣߌ߫   ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ ߡߊ߬. ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߛߌߟߊ߫ ߡߊߟߐ߲ߕߊ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ߫ ߞߏ ߘߐ߫߸ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߡߍ߲ ߞߊ ߞߊ߲߫ ߞߊ߬ ߟߊߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߬ ߊ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߣߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߘߊ߫. ߏ߬ ߦߟߌߣߐ ߕߊ߬߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ߫ ߞߏ ߘߐ߫߸ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߓߍ߯ ߟߊߡߌߣߌ߲ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߜߌߙߌ߲ߘߌߛߓߍߢߌ߲ߞߏ߫: braces$ ߛߊ߬ߓߊ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߟߊ߫. ߏ߬ ߞߏ߬ߣߌ߲߫ ߝߘߏ߬ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߢߊߓߘߍ ߕߐ߮ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ ߡߊ߬.

ߣߴߌ ߦߋ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ ߞߊ߲߬ ߞߐߜߍ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߌ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲ ߟߝߊ߫߸ ߡߍ߫ ߕߍߝߘߊߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߔߌߔ (ߔߊߔ$) ߟߊ߫. ߡߋߘߌߦߊߥߞߌ߫ ߘߌ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߟߊߘߌ߬ߢߍ߬ ߞߊ߬ ߛߋ߫ ߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߌ߫ ߛߌߟߊ߫ ߛߊ߬ߓߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫: ߕߐ߯ߒߕߊ߲ߧߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߝߙߍߕߍߦߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߕߐ߯ߦߊߟߌ ߘߐ߫.



ߕߐ߯ߒߕߊ߲ߧߊ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ
ߞߊ߬ ߕߊ߬ߡߊ߬ߡߌ߲߬ ߕߐ߯ߒߕߊ߲ߧߊ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߟߎ߬ ߖߟߐ߬ߞߐ߬ߦߊ߬ߣߍ߲ ߠߋ߬:

ߛߋ߲߬ߧߊ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ  ߟߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ   ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫  ߸ ߟߊߥߟߏߟߌ:

ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߕߐ߯ߒߕߊ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߖߊ߬ߡߊߙߌ߬ ߛߊߣߌߡߊ߲ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߟߴߊ߬ ߞߏߟߊߕߊ߯ߡߢߊ ߘߐ߫. ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߖߊ߬ߡߊߙߌ ߏ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߞߐߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ ߠߊ߫߸ ߦߏ߫ ߕߊ߲߬:

ߏ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߞߐߝߟߌ ߣߌ߲߬ ߠߊߥߟߏ߫:



ߝߙߍߕߍߦߊ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ
ߞߊ߬ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߟߊߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߫ ߝߙߍߕߍ߸ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߓߍ߯ ߡߊߟߐ߲߫߸ ߊ߬ ߟߊߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߫ ߕߎߡߊ.

ߛߋ߲߬ߧߊ ߣߌ߲߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ  ߓߘߊ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ   ߟߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫  ߸ ߊ߬ ߓߘߊ߫ ߡߊߛߐ߫ ߊ߬ ߢߊߖߎ߮ ߡߊ߬ ߕߋ߲߬ ߝߛߊߦߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߟߊߥߟߏ߫ ߕߊ߲߫:


 * ߟߊߒߡߊ߫ ߘߐ߫:

ߟߊ߬ߥߟߏ߬ߟߌ:



ߕߐ߯ߟߊߟߌ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ
ߛߌߟߊ߫ ߛߓߊߣߊ߲ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߟߊߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߫ ߠߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߕߐ߮ ߟߋ߬ ߘߴߌ ߞߘߐ߫ ߝߙߍߕߍߦߊ ߡߊ߬. ߛߋ߲߬߬ߧߊ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߣߐߘߐ ߘߌ߫ ߡߊߝߊ߬ߟߋ߲߫ ߞߊ߬ ߞߍ߫:

ߌ ߣߌ߫ ߗߋ߫ ߘߋߣߍ߲... ߦߋ߫. ߛߘߌ߬ߟߌ߸ { – }

ߒ߬ ߧߋ߫  ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫   ߞߊ߬ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߟߎ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߡߊߟߐ߲߫ ߝߙߍߕߍ ߞߘߐ߫. ߞߊ߬ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߏ߬ ߟߊߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߫ ߕߐ߮ ߘߌ߫߸ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߓߍ߯ ߡߊߟߐ߲߫ ߊ߬ ߟߊߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߫ ߕߎߡߊ:

ߛߋ߲߬ߧߊ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ  ߘߌ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ   ߟߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫   ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߥߟߏ߫:

ߟߊ߫.

ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ߫ ߕߐ߯ߡߊ ߟߎ߬ ߖߊ߬ߙߌ߬ߒ߬ߕߋ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߞߍߟߌ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫:

ߟߊ߬ߥߟߏ߬ߟߌ:

ߝߌ߬ߛߊ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߕߋ߬ߦߊ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߫ ߕߐ߯ߡߊ ߟߴߌ ߟߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߦߴߊ߬ ߞߍ ߘߌ߫ ߥߟߊߞߌ (ߞߊ߬ ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߫ ߊ߬ ߖߘߍ߬ ߢߍ߫) ߘߌ߫ ߞߍ߬ߙߍߝߍ߬ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ߦߟߍߡߊ߲ ߡߊߞߟߌ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߟߊߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߫ ߠߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߦߴߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߏߝߙߍߕߍ ߝߊ߰ߡߎ߲ ߣߐ߰ߡߊ߲߫ ߞߏߛߓߍ߫ ߣߌ߫ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߫ ߦߙߌߞߊ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߦߋ߲߬ ߞߊ߬ߣߌ߲߬.



ߓߐߛߎ߲ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲
ߣߴߌ ߞߊ߬ ߟߊߥߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ߞߌ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߞߍ߫ ߕߐ߫ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߟߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߫ ߠߊ߫߸ ߞߏ߬ߣߵߊ߬ ߡߴߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߘߊߘߐߡߌߣߊߞߎ߲ߧߊ ߟߎ߬ ߡߊߛߐ߫߸ ߛߌߟߊ ߣߌ߲߬ ߝߍ߬:

ߝߙߍߕߍߦߊ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ ߞߏߟߊߒߞߏߡߊ ߦߋ߫ ߛߊ߲ߝߍ߬ ߌ ߘߌ߫ ߣߊ߬ ߟߊ߬ߓߊ߬ߕߏ߬ߟߌ ߣߌ߲߬ ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߫:

ߣߌ߫ ߘߊߘߐߡߌߣߊߞߎ߲ߧߊ ߝߋ߲߫ ߡߊ߫ ߡߊߛߐ߫ ߡߎߣߎ߲߬߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߖߍ߬ߘߍ ߟߋ߬ ߦߌ߬ߘߊ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߞߵߏ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߒߕߟߋߡߊ߬ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ ߡߊߟߐ߲ߣߍ߲ ߞߊ߲ߞߕߐߡߊ߬. ߛߋ߲߬ߧߊ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߓߐߛߎ߲ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߡߊߛߐ߫ ߟߴߏ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߘߌ߫߸ ߝߊ߲ߓߏ߲ ߣߌߘߐ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߣߌ߫ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ ߛߌ߫ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ߣߍ߲߫ ߕߍ߫. ߟߊߒߡߊ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߣߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߣߐߘߐ ߡߊߝߊ߬ߟߋ߲߬ ߘߊ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߞߍ߫:

ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫  ߏ߬ ߦߴߊ߬ ߦߌ߬ߘߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߞߏ߫ ߘߊߘߐߡߌߣߊߞߎ߲ߧߊ ߝߋ߲߫ ߕߍ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߞߣߐ߫   (ߊ߬ ߡߎ߰ߡߍ) ߘߌ߫ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫. ߏ߬ ߡߎߣߎ߲ߧߊ߸  ߓߐߛߎ߲ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ     ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲ ߘߌ߫. ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߟߊߥߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ߞߌ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߕߘߍ߬ ߘߊߘߐߡߌߘߊߞߎ߲ߧߊ߫ ߛߌ߫ ߕߍ߫߸ ߢߊ ߢߌ߲߬ ߠߎ߫ ߞߊ߲߬:

Often default values are used to specify alternate names of parameters. ߟߊߒߡߊ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߣߌ߬  ߦߴߌ ߓߟߏ߫߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߌ߫ ߛߐ߰ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߫ ߕߐ߯ߡߊ a ߢߌߣߌ߲ ߝߟߐ߫ ߡߊ߬. ߣߴߊ߬ ߢߊߓߐߣߍ߲߫ ߡߊ߫ ߞߍ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߫ ߕߐ߯ߡߊ b ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫. ߣߌ߫ "a" ߣߌ߫ "b" ߡߊ߫ ߘߊ߲߬ߠߊߕߍ߰߸ ߊ߬ ߕߍߣߊ߬ ߝߏߦߌ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊ߫.

ߡߊ߬ߟߐ߲߬ߦߊ߬ߟߌ
ߝߘߏ߬ߓߊ߬ ߞߍߟߌ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߦߋ߫ ߣߐ߬ߘߐߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߐ߫ ߝߍߙߍ߲ߝߍߙߍ߲ߠߌ߲ ߞߐ ߟߋ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߏ߬ߣߌ߲߬ ߦߏ߫ ߕߊ߲߬. ߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߕߍߣߊ߬ ߖߊ߬ߕߋ߬ߓߐ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߝߏ߫ ߣߴߊ߬ߟߎ߫ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߘߊ߫.

ߞߐߝߟߌ߫ ߞߋߟߋ߲߫ ߠߋ߬ ߦߴߏ߬ ߟߊ߫. First of all, if you have a  containing , and a   containing  , and put   on a page, mytemplate isn't transcluded, because tokens like "|" cannot be added by a template and keep their special meaning in templates. ߌ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ ߕߏ߫ ߟߴߌ ߘߐ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߕߐ߮ ߞߙߐ߬ߛߌ߫߸ ߞߏ߬ߣߌ߲߬ ߌ ߕߴߛߋ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߕߍߟߍ߲߫ ߠߊ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߞߟߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ߫ ߓߊߟߌߣߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߘߐ߫.

ߞߐߝߟߌ߫ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲ ߡߍ߲ ߦߴߏ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߦߋ߫ dead-code ߡߊߕߊ߯ߟߌ ߘߌ߫. If you make a template call like, and Template:Foo does not contain  , then the displaytitle is not used, since it is only evaluated when needed, and there is no parameter to substitute it into, so it is never evaluated. This usually comes into play when using Extension:ParserFunctions, and can be especially noticed when used in combination with the  magic word that varies by user language.

Template calls starting with the magic word  or   are evaluated in a separate first pass that only happens at save time, along with ~ and links using the pipe trick. If they cannot be evaluated during the first pass,  calls are ignored, and   are treated as if a normal template.

Many but not all parser functions, parser tags and trancluded special pages are not directly included like templates but instead are replaced by a "strip marker". This means you cannot manipulate the results with parser functions like padleft: or similar functions from extensions, as they see the strip marker instead of the result of the parser function.



ߖߘߍ߬ߞߍ߬ߒ߬ߞߏ߬ߘߌ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫
ߤߊߟߌ߬ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߖߘߍ߬ߞߊߣߌ߲ ߕߴߛߋ߫ ߡߋߘߌߦߊߥߞߌ߫ ߝߏ߬ߦߌ߬ ߓߊ߲ߓߊߟߌߦߊ ߖߘߍ߬ߞߍ߬ߒ߬ߞߏ߬ߘߌ ߘߌ߫. ߡߋߘߌߦߊߥߞߌ߫ ߘߌ߫ ߣߊ߬ ߖߘߍ߬ߞߍ߬ߒ߬ߞߏ߬ߘߌ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߟߐ߬߸ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߕߐ߮ ߦߋ߫ ߛߓߍߘߋ߲߫ ߞߎ߲ߓߊ ߘߌ߫. ߟߊߒߡߊ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߣߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߣߐߘߐ "ߞߙߊߞߏ:Aaaa" ߦߋ߫ " " ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߦߌ߬ߘߊ߬ "a a Template loop detected: Template:Aaaa z z" ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫.

Forbidden idiom
This safeguard precludes a potentially useful template idiom where a template self-normalizes its own calling arguments. In this forbidden example  can either be called   or. If called in the first manner, it recurses into itself with the second argument structure (obtained using string parser functions), which then follows a unified processing path.



If  is modified to recurse into   and   is an identical manual copy of   this idiom works fine as the self-recursion safeguard operates dynamically and not statically.

A feasible way for the MediaWiki software to loosen the self-recursion rule would be to require that each recursive call have a distinct argument count from all previous active calls, at most once recursing with the argument count non-decreasing. That would provide a strong guarantee against infinite self-recursion while enabling useful idioms such as the one described here in a flexible manner.

If the processing path is of low complexity, a simple solution using only one template is to handle each calling convention on a separate if/else branch, duplicating the logic of the processing path within each case. If the processing path is more complex, each call-structure case can delegate to an implementation template with a unified call structure which provides the final template behaviour.

Tables in parameters
Since the syntax for wikitables involves pipes in single braces ({ }) and using the pipe trick will not work in transclusion parameters, one will have to create a table as a separate page and transclude it from there.



ߞߙߊߞߏ ߖߘߍ߬ߞߍ߬ߒ߬ߞߏ߬ߘߌ ߡߊߡߊ߬ߙߊ
ߓߐߛߎ߲ ߡߊ߬߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߣߐߘߐ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߊ߬ ߡߎ߰ߡߍ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߢߊ߫ ߝߌ߬ߟߊ߫ ߡߊ߬߸ ߌ ߓߊ߯ ߞߴߊ߬ ߖߍ߬ߘߍ ߘߐߜߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߒߕߟߋߡߊ߬߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߣߴߌ ߞߍ߫ ߘߴߊ߬ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߊ߫. ߏ߬ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ ߝߍ߬߸ ߌ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߝߊ߲߭ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߡߊߡߙߊ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߘߌ߫ ߦߋ߫ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫  ߣߌ߫  ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫

ߝߋ߲ ߛߎ߯-ߎ-ߛߎ߫ ߦߋ߫ ߣߌ߫  ߕߍߟߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߦߋߕߊ ߘߌ߫ ߘߐߙߐ߲߫ ߣߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߐߜߍ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߦߋߕߊ ߘߌ߫ ߒߕߟߋߡߊ߬߸ ߒ߬ߞߵߊ߬ ߕߍ߫ ߘߋ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߊ߫. ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߕߊ ߞߏߟߌߞߏߟߌ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߣߴߌ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߛߓߍߟߌ ߥߟߊ ߘߏߞߊ߲ (code) ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߏ߫ ߘߐ߫ ߌ ߕߍ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߝߘߎߝߘߎ߫ ߞߏ߫ ߘߐ߫ ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߛߌ߫ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߦߏ߫ ߕߊ߲߬:


 * ߦߌߟߡߊ ߛߘߌ߬ߜߋ߲ ߣߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߖߍ߬ߘߍ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߦߌߟߡߊߦߊ߫ ߟߊ߫
 * ߞߊ߲ߣߌߢߐ߲߯ߕߍ ߛߘߌ߬ߜߋ߲ ߞߙߊߞߏ߫ ߡߎߣߎ߲ߣߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߘߐ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫
 * ߘߊ߲߬ߕߍ߰ߟߌ߬ ߛߓߍ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊߟߌ ߞߍߢߊ ߞߊ߲߬

ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߝߣߊ߫߸ ߝߋ߲ ߛߎ߯-ߎ-ߛߎ߫ ߦߋ߫ ߣߌ߫  ߟߎ߫ ߕߍߟߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߝߘߎߝߘߎ߫ ߟߴߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߘߐߙߐ߲߫ ߣߌ߫ ߞߐߜߍ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߠߊ߫߸ ߒ߬ߞߵߊ߬ ߕߍ߫ ߘߋ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߐߜߍ ߟߎ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߦߋߕߊ ߘߌ߫ ߒߕߋߟߋ߲ߡߊ߬߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߕߊ߫ ߞߏߟߌߞߏߟߌ ߘߌ߫ ߟߌ߬ߤߟߊ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߦߏ߫ ߕߊ߲߬:


 * ߞߐߜߍ ߟߎ߬ ߦߌߟߡߊߦߊߟߌ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊ߫.
 * ߞߟߏߜߍ: ߣߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊ߫ ߦߌߟߡߊ߫ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ߣߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߡߊߝߊ߬ߟߋ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߞߍߢߊ ߣߌ߲߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߐߜߍ ߟߎ߬ ߦߌߟߡߊߦߊߟߌ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߕߍߣߊ߬ ߛߋ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߟߊߞߎߘߦߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߝߏ߫ ߣߌ߫ ߥߊ߯ߕߌ ߘߏ߫ ߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߬ ߘߊ߫: ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߐߓߍ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߓߟߏ߫. ߞߊ߬ ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߞߙߍߞߙߍߣߍ߲ ߦߌߟߡߊߦߊߟߌ ߡߊߛߊ߬ߦߌ ߞߘߊߡߊ߫߸ ߞߐߜߍ ߏ߬ ߘߊߦߟߍ߬ ߡߊ߬ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߠߌ߲߬ ߞߊ߲ߡߊ߬߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߊߞߎ߲߬ߘߎ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߕߘߍ߬ ߌ ߡߊ߬ ߡߝߊ߬ߟߋ߲߬ߠߌ߲߬ ߞߍ߫.
 * ߘߍ߲߬ߞߣߍ߬ߦߊ߫ ߝߟߐ߫ ߞߏ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߏߞߊ߲ ߕߍߣߊ߬ ߟߥߊߟߌ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߐߜߍ ߖߍ߬ߘߍ ߡߊߝߟߍ ߓߊ߯ ߞߴߌ ߘߐ߫. ߊ߬ ߝߊ߲߬ߓߊ ߘߐ߫ ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߓߊ ߏ߬ ߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߟߋ߬ ߡߊ߬߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߟߥߊߟߌ ߣߌ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߦߊ߬ߘߊ ߕߍ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐߝߟߌ߫ ߘߐߞߕߌߓߊߟߌ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫.

ߝߋ߲ ߛߎ߯-ߎ-ߛߎ߫ ߦߋ߫ ߣߌ߫  ߟߎ߫ ߞߐߞߊ߲߬ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߖߙߎߡߎ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ ߠߴߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߊ߬ ߢߊߓߘߍ ߡߊ߬: ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߝߌ߬ߟߊ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߐߜߍ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߒߕߟߋߡߊ߬ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߣߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߘߊ߫ ߞߐߜߍ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߊ߫. The focus is on what is inside these two tags.

ߝߋ߲ ߛߎ߯-ߎ-ߛߎ߫ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߲ߛߓߍ ߞߐߞߊ߲߬߸ ߏ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߛߋ߲߬ߓߐ߫ ߕߐ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߟߥߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ߞߌ߬ߟߌ ߘߐ߫. ߤߊߟߌ߬ ߕߍߕߍ߮ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߞߏ߲߭ ߦߋ߫ includeonly ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߢߌ߬ߣߊ߬ߓߐ߬ߣߍ߲߫ ߠߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߟߥߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ߞߌ߬ߟߌ ߘߐ߫ ߝߏߣߴߊ߬ߟߎ߫ ߝߣߊ߫ ߕߊ߯ߦߙߐ ߞߍ߫ onlyinclude ߘߐ߫. The focus is on what is outside this tag.

Nesting of these tags is also possible.

The three partial transclusion tags enable all possible combinations of what is processed and rendered. Comments also fill a role.



ߞߙߊߞߏ ߛߌ߲߬ߝߏ߲߬ߧߊ߬ߟߌ
ߟߊߒߡߊ߫ ߘߐ߫ ߛߴߊ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߓߍ߲߬ߣߍ߲ ߘߌ߫߸ ߟߥߊ߬ߟߌ߬ߟߊ ߞߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߢߌߣߌ߲߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߢߊ ߢߊߢߌߣߌ߲߫.

ߖߐ߲߬ߛߊ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߫ ߢߌߣߌ߲߫߸ ߟߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߙߊ߬ߟߊ ߘߌ߫:
 * 1) ' > ' ߛߐ߲߬ߞߌ߲߫
 * 2) ' ߛߙߍߘߍ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߊ߬ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߛߎߥߊ߲ߘߌ߫ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ' ߛߐ߲߬ߞߌ߲߫.

ߖߐ߲߬ߛߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߟߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߙߊ߬ߟߌ ߞߌ߬ߓߊ߬ߙߏ߬ߦߊ ߘߌ߫߸ ߟߊߒߡߊ߫ ߘߐ߫ ߦߏ߫ ߣߌ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߢߊ ߡߍ߲ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߐߜߍ ߘߐ߫:

ߟߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߙߊ߬ߟߌ
ߟߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߙߊ߬ߟߊ ߣߌ߫ ߛߣߍ߫:

ߏ߬ ߓߊ߯ ߞߍ߫߸ ߛߓߍߦߟߊ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߞߏߟߊߒߞߏߡߊ ߓߊߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߊߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߌ߫.



ߛߘߌ߬ߜߋ߲߬ߦߊ߬ߟߌ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߘߏ߫ ߟߊ߫
ߞߙߊߞߏ ߞߐߜߍ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߛߘߌ߬ߜߋ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߦߏ߫ ߥߞߌ߫ ߞߐߜߍ ߕߐ߭ ߟߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߢߊ ߡߍ߲. ߟߊߒߡߊ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ Template:Navbar ߟߊߞߊ߬ߝߏ߬ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߥߞߌ ߘߏߝߙߍߕߍ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫.

On many wikis, Template:Tl can be used to provide a link to a template formatted in a way that shows the "double curly-braces" wikicode necessary to transclude the template without actually doing the tranclusion. For example, the code  may be used to create the link Navbar.

This construct is commonly used when referring to templates in template documentation, on help pages, and on talk pages. The same effect can be achieved by using, but the tl approach involves much less typing. On any given wiki the Tl template, if it exists, may or may not render the text in a "code" element or as monospace type. If not (as on this wiki), another similarly named template may do so. See, for example, the "See also" section of our Template:Tl documentation.



ߓߊߓߌߟߊߟߌ ߞߊ߬ ߓߐ߫ ߥߞߌ ߘߏ߫ ߘߐ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߕߊ߯ ߘߏ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߘߐ߫
ߞߙߊߞߏ ߡߊ߬ߞߏ ߦߋ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ CSS ߟߊ߫ ߞߍ߬ߣߍ߲ ߥߟߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ߫ ߜߘߍ ߟߎ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߙߊ߬ߟߊ ߦߋ߫ ߕߏ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߜߟߍ߬ߦߊ ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߓߊߓߌߟߊߟߌ ߘߐ߫ ߛߐ߲߬ ߞߊ߬ ߓߐ߫ ߥߞߌ ߘߏ߫ ߘߐ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߕߊ߯ ߥߞߌ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߘߐ߫. ߒ߬ߓߊ߬ ߞߍߢߊ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߰ߟߊ߫ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߝߊ߲߬ߓߊ ߟߊ߫.



ߡߋߘߌߦߊߥߞߌ ߘߏߝߙߍߕߍ
ߣߌ߫ (ߟߊ߬ߛߣߍ߬ߣߍ߲ߟߊߦߍ߬ߟߍ ߞߙߍߞߙߍߦߊߟߌ «specifically inportupload») ߞߍ߫ ߘߴߌ ߓߟߏ߫ ߥߞߌ߫ ߞߎߘߊ ߟߊ߫:


 * 1) ߕߊ߯ $ߟߊ߬ߝߏ߬ߦߌ߬ߟߌ ߞߊ߲߬ ߥߞߌ ߓߊߞߘߐ ߟߊ߫߸ ߞߊ߬ .xml ߞߐߕߐ߮ ߘߏ߫ ߟߊߖߌ߰ ߌ ߞߎ߲߬ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߓߍ߯ ߘߐ߬ߝߐ߫ ߞߘߎ߬ߜߍߟߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߦߴߊ߬ ߕߎ߲߰ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߢߊ ߡߍ߲ ߡߊ߬ ߣߌ߲߬:
 * 2) * ߞߙߊߞߏ ߕߐ߮ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߞߟߏߘߋ߲߫ ߞߎ߲ߓߊ ߞߏ߲߬ߘߏ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ (ߏ߬ ߟߊߡߎߣߎ߲ߧߊ ߟߎ߬)߸ "ߞߙߊߞߏ:ߣߌ߫ ߛߣߍ߫". ߒ߬ߓߊ߬ ߌ ߖߊ߲߬ߕߏ߫ ߞߏߟߌߞߏߟߌ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߞߟߏߘߋ߲ߞߎ߲ߓߦߊ߫ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߟߏ߫ ߞߙߍߞߙߍߣߍ߲ – ߣߌ߫ ߞߙߊߞߏ ߕߐ߮ ߓߍ߲߬ߣߍ߲߫ ߡߊ߫ ߞߴߊ߬ ߢߊ ߖߍ߬ߘߍߖߍ߬ߘߍ ߡߊ߬߸ ߟߊ߬ߝߏ߬ߦߌ߬ߟߌ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߏ߬ߣߌ߲߬ xml ߘߐ߬ߛߙߋ ߟߎ߬ ߕߍߣߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߘߐ߬ߛߙߋ߬ ߦߋߕߊ ߘߌ߫.
 * 3) * "" ߞߏ߲߬ߘߏ ߓߊߕߐ߬ߡߐ߲߫
 * 4) * "" ߞߏ߲߬ߘߏ ߓߊߕߐ߬ߡߐ߲߫
 * 5) * "" ߛߐ߲߬ߞߌ߲߫
 * 6) ߕߊ߯ ߞߙߍߞߙߍߣߍ߲:ߟߊ߬ߛߣߍ߬ߟߌ ߞߊ߲߬ ߥߞߌ߫ ߞߎߘߊ ߞߊ߲߬ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ xml ߞߐߕߐ߮ ߟߊߦߟߍ߬.

ߣߌ߫ ߟߊ߬ߛߣߍ߬ߟߌ ߤߊߞߍ߫ ߡߊ߫ ߞߴߌ ߓߟߏ߫ ߥߞߌ߫ ߞߎߘߊ ߞߊ߲߬:


 * 1) Go to the template you want to copy from the original wiki. Go to the edit page, and copy all the wikitext
 * 2) On the new wiki, go to the page with the same name as the template you copied. Hit create/edit and paste the wikitext you copied. In the edit summary of each template, link to the original page for attribution.
 * 3) Back in the original wiki at the edit window, below the edit box, look at the list of "Templates used on this page". For each template listed follow these instructions. Also do that for any template used by any of these templates, and so on.

This will copy the entire code necessary, and will suffice for some templates. Note that only page elements parsed in rendering the page get exported, consequently documentation subpages are not exported as part of this process. If it doesn't work also check for red links listed under "Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page:", below the edit box. If there are any repeat the above steps for these as well and also copy the code in the modules.

After successfully importing the template and all its linked templates from the other wiki, edit it to change customisations to suit your wiki. For example to change a logo, remove redundant categories or red links.

Extensions
An extension often used in templates is ParserFunctions. Visit page and check if any of the functions listed there are used in the templates you've copied. If so, you have to install the extension. To install it, you'll need system admin access to the server of your MediaWiki installation.

Another dependency that may be used in templates, especially those on Wikipedia, is Lua. Having   in template code is a good sign for it. In case it's used, you need to install the extension and system admin access is required too. See that page for more instructions about installing and using the extension.

CSS and JavaScript code
Besides MediaWiki code, many templates make use of CSS and some rely on JavaScript to work fully. If the copied templates are not behaving as expected, this may be the cause. To copy the required CSS and JavaScript to your wiki you'll normally need to have admin privileges, because you'll be editing system messages in the "MediaWiki:" namespace.


 * 1) Look for the use of CSS classes (text like  ) in the template text. If those classes appear in "MediaWiki:Common.css" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.css" on the original wiki, copy those classes to "MediaWiki:Common.css" on the new wiki and check if the template is now fine.
 * 1) If the copied template is still not working as expected, check if there is code in "MediaWiki:Common.js" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.js" on the original wiki. If so, you can try copying it to "MediaWiki:Common.js" on the new wiki. Normally, it is a good idea to only copy code from trusted sources, and first browsing the code to identify and select the parts that are relevant. You may find comments that can serve as clues to identify the functionality of each part.

General template usage

 * w:Help:Template – a little more detail than here
 * m:Help:Template – much more thorough manual on how exactly templates function
 * m:Help:Advanced templates – describes even more advanced techniques such as dynamic template calls and variable parameter names

Special constructs used in templates

 * – fancy stuff you may find in some templates
 * – additional fancy control functions such as #if and #switch
 * – guidance on using parser functions in templates

Other relevant information

 * – a template special use case example
 * – Using templates as the starting text of a page
 * – Using templates as the starting text of a page
 * – Using templates as the starting text of a page
 * – Using templates as the starting text of a page
 * m:Help:Embed page – embedding pages from namespaces other than



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 * Miraheze template repository - MediaWiki templates intended for general use.