Manual:Extension registration/zh

扩展注册（Extension registration）是MediaWiki用于加载扩展和皮肤的机制. 您将配置数据放置在您的扩展或皮肤根目录中，名叫 或 的文件中，然后MediaWiki使用它以注册扩展和皮肤.

Before MediaWiki 1.25, configuration for extensions and skins was done in a PHP file using the extension's or skin's name, for example  or. This usage is deprecated, and developers of existing extensions and skins should start migrating to the new format.

用于系统管理员的迁移手册
您之前的LocalSettings.php会包含这些内容：

这些可以转换为：

如果您保持您的扩展在$IP/extensions以外的位置，您需要覆盖. 如果您的皮肤未在$IP/skins中，您需要覆盖命名错误的. 这必须在您加载任何扩展或皮肤前完成.

用于扩展开发人员的迁移手册
The script maintenance/convertExtensionToRegistration.php helps you migrating from PHP entry points to a JSON metadata file. If your extension supports older versions of MediaWiki, you should keep your PHP entry point FooBar/FooBar.php until you drop support for those older versions.

Sample command lines:

You may need to uninstall your extension from LocalSettings.php if you receive errors that constants or functions cannot be redefined. You should replace your PHP entry point file (FooBar.php) with something like the following to not break wikis during the upgrade process. If you need to keep pre-1.25 compatibility, remove the die line and instead keep the old PHP setup.

或皮肤

Retaining documentation
PHP entry points usually have some documentation of configuration settings that is useful and shouldn't be lost. Unfortunately JSON doesn't support comments. It is recommended that you transfer configuration documentation to a README file in the extension's repository. You should also document configuration on-wiki in your Extension:MyExtension page. It is possible to include some documentation directly in the extension.json file as well. Extension registration ignores any key in extension.json</tt> starting with ' ' in the top-level structure or under, so you can put comments in those parts of the JSON file. For example:

This should only be used for brief notes and comments.

功能
If you are loading a large number of extensions, extension registration will provide a performance boost as long as you have APC (or APCu) installed. Extensions that are loaded together with  (with plural -s) will be cached together.

属性
A recurring problem is how to "register" something with another extension. Usually this meant that you had to load one extension before another. For example, VisualEditor has a  which allows extensions to add their modules. 然而，在可视化编辑器的入口点却有：

This means that if any extension appends to the array before VisualEditor is loaded, VE will wipe out its entry in this array. Some extensions depended upon a specific load order, others hacked around this with. Extension registration solves this problem with "attributes". In the Math extension, its extension.json</tt> would have something like:

When VisualEditor wants to access this attribute it uses:

要求（依赖性）
Extension registration has a  section, which acts similar to composer's   section. It allows an extension developer to specify several requirements for the extension, such as a specific MediaWiki version (or greater/less than) or another extension (not implemented yet, see ). To, e.g., add a dependency of an extension to a MediaWiki version, that is greater than 1.26.0, you can add the following code to :

The key of the  object is the name of the dependency (currently only MediaWiki supported), the value is a valid version constraint (the format has to match the one used by composer).

As of, you can now also enter hard dependencies for skins and extensions like so:

Check, if an extension is loaded without actually require it
Many extensions may provide features that work only if another extension is loaded too, without really needing this feature for the core extension function to work. As an example: If extension B is loaded, extension A can provide a real WYSIWYG editor, otherwise it will use a simple textarea. Extension A can profit from extension B (if it is loaded), but doesn't require it to be loaded to work properly. For this, you generally check, if the extension is loaded, rather than adding it as a hard dependency.

To implement a standardized way of checking, if an extension is loaded or not (without the need of extra work in an extension that is a soft-dependency in another one), extension registration can be used. It implements an  method, which returns a simple boolean, if the extension is loaded or not (the extension needs to be loaded with extension registration for this to work). Example:

Alternatively, if the extension B defines a special constant meant for this purpose during loading, it is possible to check, if it is defined:

A more brittle way, that should be avoided is to check if a specific class of extension B exists or not, e.g. using this code:

This might break if the extension exists in the file system but is not loaded, e.g. if composer was used for autoloading. If the class was renamed or ceases to exist (e.g. because it is not package public) this will also break.

In general it is preferred to share code via composer components instead of extensions. If the classes of an extension only need to exist, but the extension does not need to be configured nor loaded, for what you want to do, that is a strong indicator that that code should be split off into a composer component you should depend on instead.

Configs (Your extension/skins settings)
By default, extension.json assumes that your config settings start with a "wg" prefix. If that's not the case, you can override the prefix by using a special key:

That would use a prefix of "eg", and set the global variable  to true.

Unit tests auto-discovery
MediaWiki allows any extension to register phpunit tests. Without extension registration, you would need to register a hook handler for the UnitTestsList hook, which would look something like: (as described on the manual page). However, this code looks the same for a lot of extensions, so you could call it unnecessary code duplication. If your extension uses extension registration and your phpunit tests are located in the  subdirectory of your extension, the phpunit wrapper of MediaWiki wil autodiscover the unit tests with the help of extension registration. Therefore, you don't need to register the hook anymore and you don't need to specify, that your unit tests are saved in the default directory.

定制注册
Sometimes extensions need to do non-standard things during registration, or are just very complex. You can specify a 'callback' key in your extension.json</tt> if you need to execute some PHP code. The value should be set to a valid PHP callable, for example:. will execute this callback after it processes the extension.json</tt> file.

The callback isn't a normal hook function, it runs in early initialization.

See for what sort of things may require custom registration.

Also composer.json
If an extension or skin has library dependencies, it may have a composer.json</tt> file as well, see Manual:Composer.json best practices. Some metadata fields in these files overlap (discussed in T89456), including
 * and
 * and

参见

 * Report bugs against the MediaWiki-Configuration project.
 * Old versions of Manual:Developing extensions#Setup (prior to May 2015) and describe the old approach of declaring extension information in PHP code and variables
 * Known limitations
 * Overview of architecture
 * docs/extension.schema.v2.json</tt> is the schema for  (and skin.json). there is a tool that generates documentation from this.
 * RfC about implementing extension registration