Team Practices Group/Glossary

NOTE: Definitions are a work-in-progress. Terms will be added or removed as needed. Italics indicate terms which do not yet have definitions here.

Agile
"Agile" is a mindset, not a specific process. As such, it does not call for the use of any specifc practices or ceremonies. People often confuse the concept of agile development with specific agile methodologies such as Scrum or Extreme Programming, or with specific agile practices such as Incremental Development or Daily Standup meetings.

Agile was developed in the 1990's as a response to the dominant software development paradigms of the time. which were "No process" and "Heavy process". The heavy processes of the time, which were typically some form of Waterfall, often required massive requirements documents and massive design documents to be created and approved, before single line of code would get written. It was frustrating for both developers and customers, and the failure rate of software projects (whether they used heavy processes or no processes) was insanely high. At first, this new alternative approach was known as "lightweight" development, but that had negative connotations, so they renamed it to agile.

Agile changed the focus from the process and tools to the people doing the work. It de-emphasized documentation in favor of working code. And it embraced responding to change over following a plan. The highest priority of agile is to satisfy the customer, and another priority is "technical excellence and good design".

Agile Manifesto
A public declaration that launched the Agile movement

Backlog
A list of tasks (features, defect fixes, etc) that need to be done. Backlogs are a key artifact of the Scrum process. For details, see Product Backlog and Sprint Backlog.

Blocker criteria
A set of standards for determining if a work item (e.g. defect, feature, or change request) would delay a release. These standards set minimum requirements for changes to a codebase which is changing and driving towards a product release with a specified set of features. Blocker criteria are also used to minimize introducing new regressions into a codebase.

Bug
The term "bug" is often used as a catchall to mean a code defect, requirements oversight, feature request, improvement, task, or any other technical work. Generally, it is better to use a more specific term, to avoid confusion. Wikipedia article.

Burndown chart
A graphical representation of work (for example, defect fixes) remaining in a project versus time. A burn down chart helps teams predict when work for a given project will be completed, and to track progress. You can view a sample burn-down chart on Phabricator here:

Daily scrum (meeting)
The Scrum process requires the team to hold a brief daily "scrum" meeting.

During the meeting, each team member answers three questions: Typically, the daily scrum is a "standup" meeting, where to encourage brevity, everyone remains standing.
 * What did I do yesterday that helped the Development Team meet the Sprint Goal?
 * What will I do today to help the Development Team meet the Sprint Goal?
 * Do I see any impediment that prevents me or the Development Team from meeting the Sprint Goal?

Daily standup (meeting)
A common agile practice, where the team meets briefly each day to share status, blockers, or other helpful information. The name ("standup") comes from the convention of not sitting down, to encourage brevity. The Scrum process requires daily team meetings, and defines a very specific agenda for them (see Daily Scrum).

Defect
An error, flaw, failure, or fault in a computer program or system that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended or undesired ways.

Deliver
Make a product available to a wide end-user audience. Also called Deploy, Release, or Ship.

Deploy
Make a product available to a wide end-user audience. Also called Deliver, Release, or Ship.

Iteration
In agile terms, an iteration is a quantity of time and work, resulting in a potentially shippable product. Typically this would have the team working for a few weeks, after which the product would be improved, and would be tested and documented enough that it could be put into production. Iterations are almost always measured in weeks, and are most often 2 or 3 weeks long.

In the Scrum process, iterations are known as "sprints" (see Sprint). Kanban doesn't specify fixed-length iterations.

Kanban (a methodology)
Originally developed for managing manufacturing processes (see JIT and Lean), Kanban has been adapted to software development as a very light agile process. It is much less prescriptive than Scrum, relying on the team to decide which practices, artifacts, and ceremonies it will use.

Commonly, work is split into small-ish tasks (less than one developer-week), and these tasks are treated as a continuous stream of work. Tasks enter the system, may go through several states such as "in progress" or "needs review", and eventually end up exiting the system as "done". A Kanban board closely resembles a Scrum task board, with each state represented by a column.

Unlike Scrum, in Kanban there are no fixed-length iterations. Instead, work steadily flows through the system. As a result, the Product Owner can change which tasks will be worked on next at the last minute, as long as work hasn't actually started.

One key concept in Kanban is limiting work-in-progress ("WIP"). Generally this is represented by each column in the board having a maximum number of tasks that it can hold. If a column is full, then before a new task enters, a task must proceed to the following column in order to free up space. While this sounds like a simple technicality, it actually has significant effects on the system. Limiting WIP and reducing the batch size force the work to flow at a more steady pace, improving flow, and increasing the overall speed of the team.

Continuous improvement is another critical aspect of Kanban. Team members are also encourged to continuously be on the watch for potential improvements, and regular formal retrospectives are encouraged. Wikipedia article.

Potentially shippable product
A product that has met the release criteria. This does not mean that the product will be released immediately. A product could be ready to ship, but not actually ship until a later date.

Product backlog
In Scrum, the list of tasks that need to be completed in order to deliver a viable product, ordered by priority. This list can contain features, defect fixes, and non-functional requirements, and is managed by the Product Owner. Wikipedia article:

Release (verb)
Make a product available to a wide end-user audience. Also called Deliver, Deploy, or Ship.

Release Criteria
A set of standards and features that must be met in order for a product to be released to a general audience. Before a product can be ready to ship, it has to be tested and improved for stability, performance, defects, usability, etc. Release criteria guide this process, ensuring that user meets are met and that a product reaches a certain level of quality before being released.

Scrum (a methodology) *
Wikipedia article:

Scrum (a meeting)
Teams following the Scrum process meet daily in a brief "scrum" meeting. See Daily Scrum.

Ship (verb)
Make a product available to a wide end-user audience. Also called Deliver, Deploy, or Release.

Sprint
In the Scrum process, each iteration is called a "sprint". A Sprint is a fixed amount of time (a "timebox" of up to one month), during which the team has committed to a specific set of work, and is focused on completing it. Each sprint starts with a Sprint Planning meeting to define the scope, and ends with a Sprint Review meeting (showing the results) and a Sprint Retrospective meeting (for continuous improvement).

Note that despite the name "sprint", the pace of work is expected to be steady and sustainable. Also see Iteration.

Sprint backlog
In Scrum, the list of tasks (features, defects fixes, etc.) which the team has committed to complete during the current sprint. This backlog is managed by the team, and once a sprint has started, only the team can add items to the sprint backlog. Wikipedia article:

Standup (meeting)
A short meeting, often held daily. The name comes from the common practice of having all attendees stand up during the meeting, to encourage brevity. See also Daily Standup and Daily Scrum.

Waterfall
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Online Agile glossaries:
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 * http://www.solutionsiq.com/agile-glossary/
 * http://agiledictionary.com
 * http://www.telerik.com/teampulse/agile-vocabulary
 * http://www.innolution.com/resources/glossary
 * http://www.scrumstudy.com/search.asp