Manual:Short URL/Apache/de

Diese Anleitung hilft bei der Einrichtung von Short URLs auf Apache. Der LiteSpeed Webserver ist Apache-kompatibel und kann auf die selbe Weise konfiguriert werden. Für Informationen über Short URLs oder deren Konfiguration für andere Webserver siehe. Falls du nicht weißt, welchen Webserver du verwendest oder du einen Hosting-Provider verwendest, benutzt du höchstwahrscheinlich den Apache Webserver.

Einrichtung
Bevor du beginnst, musst du dich für einen Namen für deinen virtuellen "Short URL"-Pfad entscheiden.

In dieser Anleitung werden wir den folgenden empfehlen. Bedenke die Pfade anzupassen, falls du abweichende verwenden möchtest.


 * Das MediaWiki-Verzeichnis befindet sich unter:
 * Das gewünschte "Short URL"-Format ist:

Die folgenden Anweisungen wurden in einen automatischen Assistenten integriert (benötigt MediaWiki 1.17 oder später):


 * shorturls.redwerks.org

Wenn du dein Wiki schnell konfiguriert haben möchstest oder du die Anleitung verwirrend findest, solltest du zuerst dieses Tool ausprobieren. Wenn du das machst, beachte, dass du eine .htaccess-Datei erstellen oder bearbeiten musst. If you create it anew, please read on to further in this article about where to place the .htaccess file, and please note that this file will likely be in a different folder than the other file that will need to be edited (LocalSettings.php), which is in the installation folder (/w if you have followed the MediaWiki recommendations). Please also note that using this wizard will not work on firewalled or private wikis. In this case, you can still try it out by making your wiki temporarily public by setting  to. Remember to change it back to  once you are done.

Otherwise, follow the instructions below.

Find the right file
The recommended way to set up short URLs in Apache is by editing the Apache config files. This requires that you have access to the server configuration. If you are on a shared host, you most likely don't and will need to use a  file instead. Using  files is less efficient and doesn't give you as much control when it comes to fancy setups with multiple domains but they are powerful enough to set up most short url configurations. LiteSpeed users should use the  method.

Use the instructions in one of the following two sections, depending on whether you have root access or need to use  instead.

Find the Apache configuration file (root access)
The correct configuration file to edit for root configurations may be in one of a number of places.

The correct config file to edit is the one in  where the configuration for your wiki has been setup. Most linux distributions setup Apache with set of  and   folders setup.

If you haven't set one up and are using the default  for your wiki setup then you can edit.

Don't forget to enable overrides by  in. It is disabled by default in Ubuntu 12.04 and Ubuntu 12.10.

If your distribution does not have those directories, then you should edit the Apache configuration file directly. This file should be at. Note that it used to be named, if you have a   and no   then   is the one you want to edit.

If your Apache config isn't in any of these spots you should consult the documentation for whatever system you used to install Apache, and find the location of the Apache configuration file.

If you're on a shared host without access to Apache config files you'll have to use a .htaccess file instead.

In an Apache config file you will likely have a VirtualHost block containing your wiki. If you do have one then that is the location where your rewrite rules will go. RewriteRule config does not inherit so don't put these config options in the global config if you are using a VirtualHost.

After you've setup the config as above inside Apache you're going to need to restart Apache to make it apply the new config.


 * If you are using Plesk or cPanel it should have a method of restarting the server.
 * From the command line the command is usually something like,  ,   or as on the latest Fedora releases  . These commands need to be run as root, usually by prefixing them with.

Where to put .htaccess
If you're using a  file you'll need to edit or create the file. Find the path that contains both your script path and your virtual path. Usually this means the top directory of your site, but let's look at a few examples:

Note that if you want to make a redirect from the main domain to your wiki's Main Page (e.g. http://example.org/ http://example.org/wiki/Main_Page ). Then you always have to set up the .htaccess file in the top level, even if the other directories are nested deeper.

Setting up the rewrite rules
It's easier to understand the rest of this section after a glimpse at the Apache syntax, but this synopsis is not a substitute for the full Apache documentation:

The  directive defines a condition that must be true before a RewriteRule that follows it may be applied. One or more RewriteCond directives may precede a RewriteRule directive, and all the RewriteCond directives that precede a RewriteRule must be true before that rule may be applied to a URI. In the examples that follow,  takes the form of a reference to server variables, e.g.. Although many  exist, the examples that follow use   (true when TestString is a regular file) and   (true when TestString is a directory), and they are preceded by a negation symbol,.

The  directive may be invoked in both the   file and in any   file, but when the rewrite rule appears in .htaccess files, the implicit per-directory context affects the rule's   because rules are relative to the current directory. In  files, Patterns are not relative to the complete, original URI. For  files, Patterns should never start with a forward slash, , because the URI sub-string will never begin with a. The examples that follow use the  flag whose meaning is Stop the rewriting process immediately, and don't apply any more rules.

The first rule you'll need inside of your config is one to enable the rewrite engine:

Now we need a rule to make your article path a virtual path pointing to index.php. Be sure to replace  and   with the paths you chose in the beginning (if different).

If you are using a root url instead of a normal short url you will need to use the following instead (to ensure that existing files and directories are not seen as article, e.g. " " " " etc.):

Sometimes, the above example doesn't work. The following (you can't set this in a, you need root access for this!) might work instead:

Optionally, you can include a rule to show the Main Page on the path itself, to simplify navigation when people visit urls without a page title specified:

The end result should look something like this:

or, if you used the way with the "Alias" statement:

LocalSettings.php
We need to make the following configurations in :

If you get an "Internal error" page saying "Redirect loop detected!" after you finish configuration you may be using something other than mod_php. If so you need to explicitly turn on short urls using the following line in your LocalSettings.php:

If there is still an "internal error" check the log files of your server. Maybe you have to turn on  module.

Simple instructions
The following is a summary of what to do if you are not doing anything different than what MediaWiki recommends. If you want to do something else, you need to read all of the details above.


 * https://example.com/wiki/Main_Page ( url location )
 * /home/me/public_html/mediawiki/w/index.html ( index.html location )
 * /home/me/public_html/mediawiki/.htaccess ( .htaccess location )

Notice that the .htaccess file is NOT located in the "w" directory, but it is located in the directory above it.