How to become a MediaWiki hacker/bg

Тази статия е написана с цел да помогне на разработчиците да придобият основните умения, нужни за допринасяне към развитието на МедияУики.

The main path to get started with Wikimedia development is to contribute to Wikimedia projects that offer mentoring. An alternative without mentoring is to fix a good first bug.

Ако сте опитен разработчик, който вече е запознат с употребата на МедияУики, вместо това по-добре посетете .

За други начини как да се включите в Wikimedia общността, вижте 

Преглед
МедияУики е софтуера зад Уикипедия, сродните й проекти и хиляди уикита по света.

Most of MediaWiki and extensions are written in the PHP programming language. JavaScript is used for providing interactive interface elements along with jQuery and Vue.js as client JavaScript libraries.

Some supporting tools are written in other languages, including batch files, shell scripts, makefiles and Python.

MediaWiki is primarily written for the LAMP platform and runs on most operating systems. MediaWiki primarily uses the MySQL or MariaDB database servers.

Development happens in an open source style, is largely coordinated online, and supported by the Wikimedia Foundation, though volunteer community developers play a huge part as well.

The main developer list is wikitech-l. The main developer IRC channels are and. Follow this tutorial to set up Git and Gerrit in order to submit patches.
 * Development discussion happens on, , and IRC channels.
 * Source code is stored on and managed using the Git revision control system and can be viewed here
 * Code review is performed on and can be viewed here.
 * Bug reports and feature requests are filed, and projects are coordinated on and can be viewed here

Set up your development environment
You can install and develop MediaWiki on Linux, Windows, or macOS using any of the three solutions below.

Повечето проекти използват Git и Gerrit. Следвайте Урок за Gerrit, за да настроите своя акаунт за програмисти. След това можете да преминете към изтеглянето на нашия код, извършването на промени, тестването им и изпращането на корекции. Има два начина за настройване на вашата среда за разработки: използване на предварително конфигурирана настройка на виртуална машина (Vagrant или Docker) или подход за ръчна конфигурация.

Docker

 * MediaWiki Docker – Run MediaWiki using Docker.

You can also try the experimental mwcli tool which sets up Docker with a few simple commands and provides basic orchestration functionality between MediaWiki, ElasticSearch, Memcache, and other types of containers.

If you run it from Windows, Docker shares files between your Windows filesystem and the container filesystem. This can cause MediaWiki to be very slow if you are using WSL2 based engine, due to the poor performance of its shared directory implementation. If you have Windows Pro, you can switch to the Hyper-V backend in the settings of Docker Desktop for better filesystem performance.

An even faster way to run MediaWiki using Docker in Windows (speeds comparable to manually installing) is to clone MediaWiki and run Docker inside WSL (or install and run  inside of WSL). That way there is no shared filesystem overhead. To develop the MediaWiki codebase that is inside the Docker container you can establish a remote connection to it and open the MediaWiki WSL folder in that is in the container using VSCode or PhpStorm.

Виртуална машина с Vagrant

 * MediaWiki Vagrant – Run MediaWiki on a Linux virtual machine using Vagrant.

Vagrant allows you start a MediaWiki instance you can develop as well as allowing you to add and develop any of 250+ extensions - all with a single command. This saves you installation and configuration time compared to manually installing. It runs faster than Docker on Windows, however slower than Docker on WSL or manually installing.



Ръчно инсталиране
MediaWiki can be developed by installing it natively on your system and editing its code. Installing it natively means it will run faster than Docker or Vagrant, but it will take more time to configure.


 * 1)  — Check hardware requirements and install dependencies
 * 2)  — Изтеглете последния изходен код от Git.
 * 3)  — Продължете с инсталирането и първоначалната конфигурация.
 * 4) * Настройте  различни режими за отстраняване на грешки във вашата среда, за да показва рано предупреждения и грешки.

PHP
МедияУики е написан на PHP, така че ще трябва да се запознаете с PHP, за да се справите с основния код на МедияУики.


 * Научете PHP
 * Ръководство за PHP — Достъпно на много езици. Ако нямате познания за PHP, но знаете как да програмирате на други обектно-ориентирани езици за програмиране, PHP ще бъде лесен за научаване за вас.
 * PHP Programming at Wikibooks.
 * PHP at Wikiversity.


 * Ресурси за PHP:
 * Ръководство за PHP — Достъпно на много и различни езици.
 * Конвенции за кодиране в PHP сред общността на МедияУики.


 * Неща, които трябва да знаете:
 * The script  in MediaWiki provides a basic PHP interpreter with MediaWiki objects and classes loaded.
 * Also, the script  in MediaWiki is a replacement of   based on PsySH, see

База данни
Many features require some amount of database manipulation, so you'll often need to be familiar with MySQL/MariaDB.


 * Научете MySQL/MariaDB
 * Ръководство за MySQL — From the MySQL reference manual.
 * MySQL at Wikibooks.


 * Ресурси за MySQL/MariaDB
 * MySQL Reference Manuals — Достъпно на много други езици.
 * База данни на MariaDB
 * Database coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.


 * Неща, които трябва да знаете:
 * Тествайте кода си с MySQL/MariaDB.
 * MediaWiki currently uses MySQL and MariaDB as the primary database back-end. It also supports other DBMSes, such as PostgreSQL and SQLite. However, almost all developers use MySQL/MariaDB and don't test other DBs, which consequently break on a regular basis. You're therefore advised to use MySQL/MariaDB when testing patches, unless you're specifically trying to improve support for another DB. In the latter case, make sure you're careful not to break MySQL/MariaDB (or write queries that are horribly inefficient in it), since MySQL/MariaDB is what everybody else uses.



JavaScript и CSS
JavaScript and CSS have become omnipresent in front-end code. You don't have to be familiar with JavaScript, jQuery and CSS to work on MediaWiki, but you might need to, depending on what you choose to work on.


 * Научете JavaScript и CSS
 * JavaScript and CSS at Wikibooks.
 * Първи стъпки с jQuery — Ръководство за jQuery.
 * Learning JavaScript — references and sources.


 * Ресурси за JavaScript и CSS
 * JavaScript coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.
 * CSS coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.

MediaWiki
The MediaWiki code base is large and some parts are ugly; don't be overwhelmed by it. When you're first starting off, aim to write features or fix bugs which only touch a small region of code.


 * MediaWiki basics and must-reads :
 *  — A high-level overview of the main components of MediaWiki and how they work with each other.
 *  — An overview of why and how to write secure code.


 * Ресурси за МедияУики:
 * — Списък на важни файлове и препратки към по-подробна информация.
 * — A list of hooks. If you're trying to find what part of the codebase does something, often a good place to start is by searching for the related hooks.
 * — An overview of general coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.


 * Документация на кода ( class reference ) — Automatically generated documentation from the code and code comments.
 * — A guide to debugging MediaWiki.
 * — A tool to interact with MediaWiki objects live.



Разширения на МедияУики
Ако решите да работите върху код за разширения на МедияУики, следните препратки предоставят повече информация.


 * Основи на разширенията на МедияУики:
 * Разработване на разширения — Как да напишете разширение за МедияУики.
 * Extension writing tutorial


 * Ресурси за разширения за МедияУики:
 * Best practices for extensions
 * A brief introduction to MediaWiki extension development — A video presentation about how to create a MediaWiki extension (slides).
 * Making a MediaWiki extension — Covers how to develop an extension for MediaWiki, best practices, and how to engage the MediaWiki community. От февруари 2011 г.
 * Help for extension developers on the Developer Hub

MediaWiki skins
Manual:How to make a MediaWiki skin is helpful if you choose to work on MediaWiki skins.



Вижте също

 * Search for code across repositories
 * – When you've thoroughly read the information in this article, it's time to move on to the information in the developer hub.