Autoblock/ja

自動ブロック (autoblock) は、MediaWiki ソフトウェアにより行われる IP アドレスに対する自動的なブロックです. 自動ブロックは、ブロックされた利用者が最近使用した IP アドレスからウィキを編集しようと試みた際に、その結果として実施されます.

利用者がウィキを編集するたびに、サイトに接続する際に使用した IP アドレスが、そのウィキを支える MediaWiki ソフトウェアによって記録されます. 各利用者が使用した IP アドレスの記録は、非公開で保持されており、MediaWiki ソフトウェアでの利用者調査者（checkuser）のアクセス権を持つ利用者のみがアクセスできます. ブロックされた利用者が当該サイトの編集を試みた際、編集に使用した IP アドレスが、ブロックされた利用者と同じ設定 (ブロック期間、メール送信のブロック、ハードブロックを除く) で「自動ブロック」されるため、匿名や別の利用者名での同じ編集ができなくなります. Autoblocks also used to propagate from IP address to username, but this does not happen as of September 2017. If an IP address is autoblocked, then any users on that IP address are not autoblocked, but are still affected by the block from the original IP address.

自動ブロックされた利用者のブロック解除
名前の付いたユーザーがブロックされていてもIPアドレスが自動ロックされているなど、ユーザーが自動ロックされている場合は、 管理者は次の方法で自動ロックを解除できます.


 * Special:BlockList の一覧の内容を検証し、当該利用者のアカウント名を検索します. この検索では大文字/小文字が区別されます. 
 * 関連付けられている #xxxxx の番号を特定します. この番号で検索する場合は、「#」を含めるようにしてください.
 * 「」リンクをクリックすることで #xxxxx をブロック解除します

自動ブロックを消去すると、その利用者のアカウント名が一覧には表示されなくなることにご注意ください.

記録のメッセージ
Sometimes the term "" will show up in a block message. This means that when the user was blocked, that only their username was blocked, but other users on the same IP address are still free to edit.

The default setting for a block is to have Autoblock enabled, but it generally does not say this explicitly in a block message. To disable the default autoblocking of an account, admins must manually uncheck the box that says " ".

主な仕組み


When an autoblock occurs, users may be autoblocked as the result of a block on another user, who was probably using the same ISP. So a different user may end up blocked, even though they have personally done nothing wrong. This is referred to as "collateral damage". 例:


 * 1) User:Susan, an administrator, blocks User:Bort for 24 hours. Unknown to Susan, Bort uses AOL to edit the wiki, and an autoblock was enabled at the time of the block.
 * 2) User:Steven, who also uses AOL from home, and is currently assigned the IP address last used by Bort, signs on to the wiki.
 * 3) Steven receives a "You have been blocked" message when he clicks "Edit", doesn't understand what an autoblock is, and angrily demands to know why admin Susan has blocked him.
 * 4) Steven tries to edit from his work computer (which does not use AOL).  He learns that autoblocks only propagate from usernames to IP addresses, and decides to resume normal editing there.

It is important for users to understand that administrators do not set autoblocks; once they have blocked a user with autoblocking enabled, autoblocks are set by the MediaWiki software. Autoblocks do not appear in administrators' block logs, and the administrators are not notified of them. This is a necessary consequence of keeping logged-in users' IP addresses private. So while the IP address responsible for each edit is recorded by the MediaWiki software, this cannot be accessed, even by administrators and even when the user is blocked.

追跡
If is enabled a cookie  will be set on an autoblocked user's browser. This means that the user will still be blocked even after logging out and moving to a new IP address.

When the cookie is set, and a user tries to edit a page, MediaWiki will load the original block specified in the cookie and prevent the user from making the edit. This does not, however, create a new autoblock for the new IP address. That only happens if the user logs into the original blocked account.

This form of tracking is dependent on the user's browser retaining the cookie, and so will not work for all blocked users in all situations. The feature is intended to provide a small extra level of protection against blocks being circumvented.

自動ブロックの無効化
When a block is issued, autoblocking is usually turned on by default, except for common dynamic IP ranges, such as those used by AOL. A list of such automatically exempt IP ranges can be found at MediaWiki:Autoblock whitelist.

Administrators can disable autoblocking at the time of blocking a user, by unchecking the checkbox. Once an "enabled" block is placed, it can also be fixed by modifying the user's block, but this should not be done unless absolutely necessary.

自動ブロックのリセット
There is an internal autoblock expiry time variable,, which is set to 24 hours, meaning that autoblocks only last for 24 hours. However, in the case of dynamic IP address pools (such as those used by AOL), this may affect hundreds of users before the block expires. So in the case of an indefinite block, autoblocks may continue to be set by the software, weeks or months after the initial block has been set. Older indefinite blocks, dating from before the autoblock exemption whitelist and the option to disable when blocking, may also trigger autoblocks.

Ipblocklist
When IP addresses are autoblocked, they appear in Special:Ipblocklist (but not in the admin's block log) with a special mask that prevents the IP address from being seen. Instead, the block is identified by the block ID and is labeled "Autoblock #xxxxxx" in the BlockList. Autoblocks register on Special:Ipblocklist, Special:AutoblockList and in the banner available to the blocked user, with the name of the admin that set the original block. However, the admin is not notified that an autoblock has been placed. Diligent administrators who lift a block early may wish to check the blocklist in order to check for any autoblocks that need to be cleared.

ヒント

 * It is helpful for all involved, especially AOL users, who are often chronically autoblocked by collateral damage, to remain patient and remember that it is the software that is responsible for the autoblock, not the administrator who is unfortunate enough to have his or her name appear on the block log.
 * Equally important is for admins to check Special:Ipblocklist and Special:AutoblockList regularly, and unblock all autoblocks from a particular user if more than two autoblocks are set in rapid succession.
 * If more than two IP addresses are autoblocked within seconds/minutes of each other, it is a good indication that it is a dynamic IP address pool and the blocks are collateral damage.