Help:Diff/zh



差異（diff）可用于比較一个页面的兩個修訂版本間的差異. 差異是 MediaWiki wiki 中頁面導航和內容審核的基本組成部分.

维基生态中的平台有不同版本的「差异」，这具体取决于使用的设备和 MediaWiki 的设置.



何時和為何使用差異
差異主要用於複查自己或他人對頁面做出的改變. 這样做可能有很多原因：


 * 幫助發現破壞行為
 * 確認一個章節、句子或字詞何时被增加或移除
 * 確認是哪位編輯者做出修改
 * 作為進一步操作的起點，「差异」包含Special:MyLanguage/Help:Editing pages、Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Reverts等操作以及到編輯者的个人主页、討論頁的链接.



如何檢視差異
最普遍的做法是-{zh-hant:透過;zh-hans:通过}-「歷史紀錄」檢視差異. 这可以通过點擊「」標籤访问. 在那里，您可以使用「」以查看单次修订的「差异」，或者使用「单选」和「」按钮以查看多次修订的「差异」.

Most special pages that list changes will usually include links to diffs, such as:


 * Special:RecentChanges
 * Special:Watchlist
 * Special:Contributions
 * Special:Relatedchanges

Another way to view a diff is with the Special:Diff page. To use this, you must know the IDs of the revisions you want to compare. Revision IDs can be retrieved by looking at the  portion of a diff URL, where   is the diff ID. Additionally, you can use the value of the  parameter to get the diff of that revision against the previous one.

Components to a diff
Below is a visual representation of the important components of a diff page which you will see when viewing the difference between two versions.



This interactive example shows the top of the diff page (some of the links are dummy links). The older revision is shown on the left, the newer revision on the right.



Unchanged Text
Unchanged text is dark grey on light grey (only parts before and after changed text are shown).

Moved text
Identical text that has moved from one place to another is usually represented as added and removed text. On MediaWiki installations using, there may be an arrow icon more clearly indicating where the moved text went to.

Added text
Lines containing added text have a plus icon (+) before them. The added words and characters are highlighted and in bold.

Removed text
Lines containing removed text have a minus icon (−) before them. The removed words and characters are highlighted and in bold.

Replaced text
We can see what has been replaced with new content when there's a + icon and a − icon next to the phrase where the change happened.

Paragraphs which have changed are black on white, with an orange border on the old revision side and a blue border on the new version side.

Inserted and removed text is highlighted with the border color and in bold. Where whole paragraphs have been removed or inserted, no highlighting or bolding is applied and the other side is blank.

Linking to a diff
Diffs can be linked to by copying the URL while viewing the diff — this URL has two parameters,  and.

Linking to a diff from outside a wiki can be done by using the full URL, for example:



The diff special page at Special:Diff makes it easier to create shorter URLs which redirect to diffs.

From within a wiki, these links can take the following forms:


 * → Special:Diff/1242287 – Shows the diff to the previous revision of the same page.
 * → Special:Diff/1242287/prev – Shows the diff to the previous revision of the same page.
 * → Special:Diff/1242287/next – Shows the diff to the next revision of the same page.
 * → Special:Diff/1242287/cur – Shows the diff to the current revision of the same page.
 * → Special:Diff/1242286/1242287 – Shows the diff between the specified revisions of the same page which may also be reversed, e.g.  → Special:Diff/1242287/1242286, though one should avoid this.

These links may be used in the edit summary as well as adapted like any other internal links, e.g..

For example, the full URL  could also be written as.

By default, the later revision of the page is displayed in full below the diff — this can be turned off via a preferences ("") or by setting  in the URL. Links to diffs without the page text can be created:



Inline diffs
Since MediaWiki 1.35, an inline diff (also known as a unified diff) is available. As of 2022 this is only available with the engine. Inline diffs can be accessed by passing the  parameter in the URL (example).

As of MediaWiki 1.41, a toggle was added to diff pages that allows users to switch between inline and two-column in the user interface (T336716).

The following changes were introduced for inline diff:


 * Legends and tooltips that explain the blue and yellow highlights. (T324759)
 * Annotation that represent when one or more lines are added or deleted. (T330247)

How to report bugs?
Bugs should be reported on Phabricator under the tag.

User Preferences
The following user preferences are available in the "" section of the "" preferences tab:
 * Toggle the display of the page text below the diff. This text is the later of the two revisions of the page.
 * Toggle the display of the page text below the diff. This text is the later of the two revisions of the page.


 * Whether to show the diff of the rolled back revision after a rollback.
 * Whether to show the diff of the rolled back revision after a rollback.

Some extensions also add their own preferences related to diffs. One such extension is, which can be disabled in preferences using the "" preference in that section.



參見

 * — Navigating and understanding page history.
 * — Diffs in the VisualEditor and VisualDiff extensions.