Manual:MediaWiki feature list/zh

这页包含一个MediaWiki软件的功能列表. 你是否适合将MediaWiki作为你自己的Wiki取决于你想通过它做一个什么样的网站. 维基百科的软件有很多有用的功能延伸了使用者的需要和开发者的想法——但是功能意味着复杂. 在你决定用 MediaWiki之前,请参考一下其它Wiki引擎 (见 this list 或 this comparison) 并且看看是不是他们之中有更适合你需求的.

请求新的功能应提交到Phabricator.

你想要mediaWiki吗？
MediaWiki软件和扩展具有各类功能、优点和缺点，尽管有任何的预期目的，MediaWiki软件和扩展可用于独特，聪明，创造性的目的，无法预见原始程序员或其他安装人员. 这里有一个关于MediaWiki的功能以及它的优点的简要列表. 如果您制定了自己的目标和资源的等效列表，可以将此列表与您的列表进行比较，查看哪个部分相同，哪个部分不相同. 你需要更多帮助吗？ 在维基网站上有一个专门讨论MediaWiki页面，你可以通过每个页面上方“Talk”进入讨论页面，你也可以在上面和别人分享你的操作经验.

注意：“MediaWiki管理员教程指南”中第13-14页的示例功能列表： 安装，管理和自定义您的MediaWiki安装，作者：Mizanur Rahman，2007年http://www.packtpub.com/

请增强和扩展上表的功能和优点，以帮助访问者最好地了解他们正在进行的工作. 谢谢！

一个反复出现的问题是系统管理员决定创建一个wiki，而不考虑很多问题. 填写完上表后，请问自己以下问题，看看wiki是否适合您：
 * 1) 我的网站的目的是什么？
 * Wiki是协作编辑和创建内容的理想选择，它们不太适合其他用途，如博客. 考虑wiki是否适合您的目标.
 * 1) 这个wiki会接触多少用户？
 * 除了少数例外情况，当有一小部分人对编辑wiki感兴趣时，不需要安装wiki软件. 用户群越大，wiki对您更有意义的概率就越高.
 * 1) 我希望编辑我的wiki有多少活动编辑者？
 * Wikis由于其开放性，需要一些维护. 编者基础越大，执行这些维护任务的可用手就越多.
 * 1) 我可以通过MediaWiki做什么？
 * MediaWiki是一个功能多样的wiki引擎；它相对容易安装，但更重要的是，允许使用和创建扩展. 这些允许您使用PHP的一些知识来极大地定制MediaWiki安装.  有了正确的动机，MediaWiki可以被“滥用”来做几乎任何事情.
 * 1) MediaWiki是否适合我？
 * MediaWiki有其局限性.  更大的限制是MediaWiki不是访问控制列表.  MediaWikiraison d'etre旨在提供开放内容；虽然最新版本具有更强大的安全模型，但基于个人的安全访问仍然存在重大差距.

怎样配置MediaWiki？
如果您确定MediaWiki确实是一个合适的解决方案，那么还有更多的事情需要考虑.

这些问题有望帮助您决定如何配置您的wiki，从而最大限度地减少长期问题： 有关更多想法和信息，请参见Manual:User rights和Help:User rights management.
 * 1) 我想要谁阅读我的维基？
 * 尽管基于个人的页面限制存在所有问题，但MediaWiki可以配置为限制或允许每个人访问. 因此，问问自己是否希望互联网上的每个人都能看到您的Wiki的内容，或者您是否希望将该权限限制为在您的wiki中创建帐户的用户.
 * 1) 我想要谁编辑我的维基？
 * 也许最常见的问题是你是否想要允许每个人编辑你的wiki，类似于维基百科模型.  MediaWiki允许细粒度的写作限制；例如，您可以允许未注册的用户编辑讨论页，但仅允许帐户时间超过一定时间的用户编辑您的内容页面.  您可以限制编辑到管理员，甚至限制您创建和委派的自定义用户组.
 * 1) 我想在我的wiki上创建一个帐户？
 * 根据上述问题的一些答案，您可能希望决定限制谁可以在Wiki中创建帐户. 您可以允许任何人创建帐户；或者您甚至可以为管理员指定该权限，然后管理员将负责通过您选择的某个过程为新用户创建帐户.
 * 1) 我希望每个用户组拥有哪些权力？
 * 您需要回答的最重要问题之一就是这个问题. 授予或删除组的权限在大型wiki中可能是非常的争议，因此很好地了解每个用户应该能够做什么是至关重要的.  您是否希望未注册的用户创建页面？ 您是否希望注册用户创建页面？ 您是否希望wiki管理员能够封禁用户和删除页面，或者您是否希望向他们扩展更多权限？ 谁负责授予更多特权？ 谁负责删除它们？ 你想拥有更多细微的的权力，例如监督、用户查核和回退？
 * 1) 我需要安装哪些扩展？
 * 除了一些例外，扩展很容易添加，无论是在安装维基时，还是在维基运行几年之后.

有了这些答案，您应该能够配置维基的最关键方面. 您可以在操作系统中开始安装过程.

外观和感觉

 * 链接和捷径, 这取决于是如何设置皮肤的.
 * : *不同的装饰站点的方法
 * Monobook, 一个有着现代感皮肤包括访问健和工具提示
 * Vector，一个更现代的皮肤，更容易阅读文本，大量的内容空间，并具有相同名称的扩展，为菜单添加下拉功能.
 * 用户风格：用户可以通过用户页面上的自定义CSS调整网站的外观.
 * Stub阈值：用户可以看到指向不同颜色的特定尺寸以下文章的链接.
 * 可以生成文章的可打印版本.
 * 文章中的自动编号标题（可选）.
 * 页内锚点（自动生成标题，也包括 ... ）.
 * 为长文章自动生成目录（可选）.
 * 自动将ISBN号转换为指向可编辑书商列表的链接.
 * XHTML或HTML5兼容输出（或接近它），整洁整合.

多媒体和扩展

 * 文件上传功能允许上传图形或声音文件，参见Special:Upload查看操作，Uploading files|上传文件进行说明. 上传的文件列在最近更改上，它们也会记录在上传日志上.
 * Mathematical formulas using LaTeX syntax: see texvc
 * Automatic resizing of images using ImageMagick or libgd, simple syntax for image captions and image alignment
 * WikiHiero for Egyptian hieroglyphs (needs separate installed components)
 * Graph for any kinds of charts (needs separate installed components)

Keeping track of edits

 * Watchlist Every page has a link "Watch this article for me". Use Special:Watchlist to track changes on the articles you declared as interesting; watched articles are also bolded in the Recent changes list.
 * User contributions in the sidebar of each user page list all articles the user has worked on, according to the database.
 * Extended recent changes with dynamic collapsing of edits to the same article and quick links to diff the edit, show the article history, show the user page, show the user talk page, or block the user (for sysops)
 * "Related changes": View a filtered version of Recent Changes to the pages linked from the current page.
 * Side-by-side diffs - the diffs are shown side-by-side, and changed portions of lines are highlighted, making it much easier to see what's what. Additionally, a diff is shown during an edit conflict so you can see exactly what you need to reintegrate.
 * 真实姓名 - Users can (optionally) specify a "real name" they want to use for author credits.
 * On-page credits. Administrators can enable an on-page paragraph giving credit to editors who've worked on a page.

Structures and syntax

 * By default, only restricted use of HTML is allowed. There is an option to allow full use of HTML.
 * Editing syntax based on UseMod, with support for mixing wiki-syntax and HTML. Only free links are supported for linking, not CamelCase (deliberate design decision).
 * Namespaces allow content separation (to address the namespace, use the Special:MyLanguage/Namespace:Page title syntax).
 * Discussion (Talk:) pages are separate from article pages, "meta" project pages can be separated from content pages, image pages are used for image descriptions.
 * MediaWiki: namespace contains all user interface texts, so that they can be edited like any other wiki page
 * Template: namespace for custom messages. Templates may contain string variables which are replaced with certain values passed to the template from the calling page.
 * Transclusion of arbitrary pages in any namespace: . See Templates
 * Word-extension linking: If you include a link of the form Special:MyLanguage/wars, or Special:MyLanguage/wartime , the system will automatically display it as if you had typed wars or wartime , respectively, saving some typing.
 * Parenthetical hiding ("pipe tricks") If you include a link of the form Special:MyLanguage/kernel (mathematics), the parenthetical portion will be hidden in the link: kernel. This is useful for disambiguating different meanings of a word without making linking too difficult or cluttering up the text of articles. This also works with cropping out namespaces when you want a cleaner-looking link: Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Copyrights becomes Copyrights
 * Link to individual sections of an article, e.g. (these links may become invalid if sections are retitled or removed.)
 * Support for subpages (link to "Foo/Bar" from "Foo" by just typing "/Bar", "Foo/Bar" contains a backlink to "Foo"), these can be enabled or disabled by namespace (e.g., Wikipedia currently supports subpages on discussion pages, to make archiving easy, and on user pages, to give users space for personal pages)
 * Special keywords for inserting dynamic data such as the name of the current page, the current date, the number of articles, etc.
 * Multiple Categories can be assigned to any page, including categories themselves, creating a hierarchy of categories. Category pages automatically list all pages assigned to them, including sub-categories. Categories allow classification and hierarchical browsing of the content.

编辑

 * 编辑部分 - Users can enable an option that allows them to edit individual sections of an article (separated by headlines) instead of loading the entire article.
 * Edit toolbar (JavaScript-based) for formatting text as bold, italic etc. (fully works in Mozilla and IE, other browsers use it to show the syntax, but cannot format text inside the text area because their JavaScript implementation does not support it). If JavaScript is disabled, the toolbar is not shown.
 * Edit summary which is shown in "Recent changes". Will be prefilled with section title when section editing.
 * Double click editing: Users can enable an option that allows them to edit articles by double clicking them.
 * Edit preview (can be shown before or after edit box)
 * Handle edit conflicts (page being saved by a user while still being edited by another one, then saved again). MediaWiki will merge changes automatically if possible and otherwise require the user to do a manual merge.
 * Mark edits as minor; users can decide to hide such edits from the Recent Changes list. Only signed in users can mark edits as minor.

滥发和破坏

 * Prevent link spamming, and other forms of abusive editing.
 * Spam blacklist: List of spammer's domain names which users are not allowed to link to.
 * Manual:Combating vandalism: Helpful hints and links to some extensions for dealing with vandalism

讨论

 * Talk pages: Each user (including every anonymous user) and every article has an associated page where messages can be left. These are separate namespaces (see above), "Talk:" and "User talk:".
 * Message notification (user gets a "You have new messages" notice if someone else has edited their user discussion page); this also works for anonymous users, but not for shared IP users
 * Automatic signature: Just type three tildes (~) when you edit, and on saving the page, it will be replaced with your user name and a link to your user page. If you use four tildes, the current date will be added as well. Mainly intended for Talk pages.
 * Support for emailing users through the wiki (email address not shown to the user)

多语言支持

 * Translated into many languages (see en:Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination for details)
 * Interlanguage links: handy method for linking articles between wikis in different languages (each language requires its own database)
 * UTF-8支持

后端

 * Database-driven (MySQL/MariaDB, PostgreSQL, and SQlite are supported)
 * Parser caching: rendered pages are cached to reduce redundant processing
 * Output caching: complete page output can be optionally saved as static HTML files for serving to other clients; support for Squid proxies
 * Cookie-based account and login system, but anonymous users can also edit pages
 * All revisions of an article are stored (optionally compressed)
 * RSS syndication available for many special pages, such as Special:Newpages and Special:Recentchanges
 * RDF元数据

权限

 * Different rights for anonymous users, signed in users, sysops, bureaucrats and developers.
 * Signed in users can:
 * move and rename pages
 * 上传文件
 * 拥有并使用监视列表
 * mark edits as minor edits (eg. typo correction)
 * 管理员可以：
 * protect pages from editing
 * delete and undelete pages
 * 编辑受保护页面
 * ban users by IP address
 * ban users by username, if this option is enabled
 * run SQL queries on the database, if this option is enabled (see Extension:Asksql)
 * 行政员可以：
 * 创建管理员
 * 重命名用户
 * 标记机器人
 * 开发者可以：
 * 锁定数据库
 * run various maintenance tasks
 * Other permission schemes (e.g. only signed in users can edit pages) can be configured.

搜索和查询

 * 全文搜索
 * "Go" button allows direct viewing of a specified article's contents (tries near match if no exact hit)
 * "What links here": View pages that link to the current page (backlinks)
 * 特殊报告页面：
 * New pages: List of newly created articles
 * Ancient pages: Articles sorted by timestamp, ascending
 * 图片列表
 * 用户列表
 * 网站统计
 * Orphaned articles (articles that have no links pointing to them)
 * Orphaned images
 * Popular articles (articles by number of visits, works only if counters are enabled)
 * Most wanted articles (non-existent articles sorted by number of links pointing to them)
 * 短条目
 * 长条目
 * 所有页面列表（按标题）
 * Query API - allows scripted access to various metadata

杂项

 * Random article display function
 * Users can configure their timezone, which is used on all report timestamps
 * The attributes of many report pages (number of results etc.) can be set in the user preferences

帮助页面的空集
Note that the files in the installation contain many links pointing to documents that are not included in the download. Most important is the empty set of help files, which will be needed by any new user of the site. To remedy these broken links, you must either (a) export from this site or manually copy and modify help pages to your installation or (b) modify the installation's parameters to change the help link targets to this site, either of which may require a substantial time investment.

即将到来

 * 参见Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki roadmap.