Extension:CheckUser/ja


 * このページは拡張機能そのものに関するものです. Wikimedia Foundation CheckUserポリシーについては、m:CheckUser policyを参照してください. 

CheckUserは指定された利用者名で使用されているIPと、特定のIPで使用されている利用者名を確認する権限を特定の利用者に付与する拡張機能です. 手作業でデータベースに対してクエリを直接実行する必要はありません. この拡張機能は、WikimediaのすべてのWikiで実行されています.

インストール
拡張機能は、GNU General Public License 2.0以降でリリースされています. ソフトウェアは現状のまま提供されます. ウィキメディアのウィキのニーズに合わせて、または重大な脆弱性が発見された場所が更新されます.

基本

 * を実行せずに他の拡張機能をインストールした場合は、まずそれを実行してください.

コマンドプロンプトへのアクセスなしでのインストール
多くのホスティングプロバイダはシェルへの直接アクセスを許可していませんが、cronジョブの作成を許可しています（例:cPanel Webインターフェイス経由）. これらのホスティングプロバイダのために、一時的なcronジョブを を実行するために使用することができます（当然、/path/toはinstall.phpへの完全なフルパスで置き換えるべきです）. If you are using a remote server and do not have command prompt access (nor cron job solution is suitable for you), but do have access through phpMyAdmin, substitute these steps for step #2 above:


 * 1) とをダウンロードします
 * 2) phpMyAdminで、左側のmediawikiに使用しているデータベースをクリックします
 * 3) 次の画面で、上部にある「インポート」タブをクリックします.
 * 4) At "Location of the text file", choose one of the files, select compression "None", and click the bottom "Go" button.
 * If your phpMyAdmin screen has only a text field and no text file chooser, click the "SQL" button in the left-side column, under the phpMyAdmin logo, and click the "import files" tab in the new window that opens.
 * 1) Repeat for the second file

新しいウィキの場合
Follow step 1 as above, then run the MediaWiki installation. The MediaWiki installer will automatically perform the installation tasks if you select the checkbox for CheckUser when prompted for which extensions to install.

設定
This tool migrates recent changes data to a separate  table, and adds to that when new entries are added. If  was previously set to false, there will be no initial data to search but new edits will fill in as soon as the extension is set up.

After you run the queries, you can reduce  to make recentchanges shorter, without affecting checkuser. Use  to set how far back checkuser data can go, in seconds.

In versions for MediaWiki 1.22 and later, the CheckUser-specific setting $wgCheckUserCIDRLimit determines the largest range that can be checked in a single check. Its format is the same as. Otherwise, the default limit (for all versions) is /32 for IPv6 checks and /16 for IPv4 checks.

CheckUsers using Mozilla Firefox can add this JS script to their .js file. It makes retrieving IP WHOIS data easier. It requires  support (about:config) enabled. (This can be  in Firefox 3)

チェックユーザーの使用権の付与
To grant the right to use the Check User function, a user with user rights management must go to Special:UserRights and enter the user's name in the box, then select the option "Check User". Once this is done, the Check User option will show up on the Special pages page for that user.

To turn on user rights management for sysops, put the following into LocalSettings.php:

To only allow the adding and removing of the checkuser permission, use the following instead:

基本のインターフェイス

 * 1) Go to Special:CheckUser.
 * 2) In the user field, type in the username (without the 'user:' prefix), IP address, or CIDR range.
 * 3) * IP: any IPv4 or IPv6 address.
 * 4) * CIDR: you can check a range of IP addresses by appending the CIDR prefix (by default, up to /16 for IPv4 (65,536 addresses), up to /64 for IPv6 (~1.8446*1019 addresses) before revision 7352, up to /48 for IPv6 (~1.2089*1024 addresses or 65536 /64s - controlled by $wgCheckUserCIDRLimit in the latest version) after revision 7352, and up to /32 (65536 /48's) after revision rECHU9d7c239bf88866eca577f3241194d440f94fa014). For notation, see Range blocks.
 * 5) * XFF: you can check a client IP address provided by X-Forwarded-For headers by appending /xff (for example, 127.0.0.1/xff).
 * 6) Select the information you want to retrieve.
 * 7) * Get IPs: returns IP addresses used by a registered user.
 * 8) * Get edits from IP: returns all edits and logged actions made by a user (registered or anonymous) from an IP address or range.
 * 9) * Get users: returns user accounts that have edited from an IP or range.
 * 10) In the reason field, type in the reason you are accessing the confidential data. Try to succinctly summarise the situation (for example, "cross-wiki spam"); this will be logged in a log visible only to users with the checkuser-log permission.

Information returned
A typical entry in the CheckUser results for a user summary ("get users") is as follows:


 * Example (Talk | contribs) (20:11, -- 20:12, ) [5]
 * 127.0.0.37 XFF: 127.0.0.1, 127.0.0.5

This is formatted to fit a lot of information into a format that can very easily be listed and skimmed, but is difficult to read unless you know what the information provided is. The information is laid out as follows:


 * 利用者名 (利用者リンク群) (time period when they edited from the given IP or range) [number of edits from the IP or range]
 * IP address edited from XFF: XFF information provided (can be spoofed)

Each IP/XFF combination used to edit is listed, in order of use.

The last ten user agents (browser, operating system, system language, and versions) for each user for edits made in the IP or range are listed afterwards.

XFF フォーマット
XFF (X-Forwarded-For) headers indicate the series of IP addresses used from the user's computer (first) to the last proxy server. In case of Wikimedia, the last proxy server is one of the Wikimedia proxies (listed under $wgSquidServersNoPurge in the Wikimedia configuration file).

In this example:

aaa.aaa.aaa.aaa       XFF: 10.4.46.42, 127.0.0.1, aaa.aaa.aaa.aaa, 208.80.152.46


 * the first two addresses (10.4.46.42, 127.0.0.1) are private to the originating network and can't be reached directly from the public Internet,
 * the third address (aaa.aaa.aaa.aaa) is the "public face" of the editor, usually a broadband or dialup ISP, a company gateway, (but possibly an anonymizer or a malware-compromised server),
 * the last address (208.80.152.46) is one of the Wikimedia squids (sq36.wikimedia.org).

MediaWiki configuration settings $wgUsePrivateIPs, $wgSquidServers, $wgSquidServersNoPurge and extensions using the IsTrustedProxy hook (such as Extension:TrustedXFF) change the way an actual IP address used to attribute edits is selected.

Personal tool links
When you get results from Special:CheckUser you can add personal user tool links via two interface messages:
 * for IP addresses (for example m:Mediawiki:checkuser-userlinks-ip)
 * for registered users (for example m:Mediawiki:Checkuser-userlinks)

エラー メッセージ

 * database query syntax error

If you receive an error message like this when you try to save a page:

A database query syntax error has occurred. This may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was:

(SQL query hidden)

from within function "efUpdateCheckUserData". Database returned error "1146: Table 'cu_changes' doesn't exist (localhost)".

This means that CheckUser has not been installed correctly. In this case you forgot to create the necessary  table in your database.

API
CheckUser also provides an API.

api.php?action=query&list=checkuser&curequest=userips&cutarget=Jimbo_Wales api.php?action=query&list=checkuser&curequest=edits&cutarget=127.0.0.1/16&xff=1&cureason=Some_check

api.php?action=query&list=checkuserlog&culuser=WikiSysop&cullimit=25 api.php?action=query&list=checkuserlog&cultarget=127.0.0.1&culfrom=20111015230000