Manual:Importing XML dumps/zh

This page describes methods to import XML dumps. XML Dumps contain the content of a wiki (wiki pages with all their revisions), without the site-related data. A XML dump does not create a full backup of the wiki database, the dump does not contain user accounts, images, edit logs, etc.

The Special:Export page of any MediaWiki site, including any Wikimedia site and Wikipedia, creates an XML file (content dump). See Data dumps and Manual:DumpBackup.php. XML files are explained more on meta:Help:Export.



导入什么？

 * Importing from mediawiki.org



如何导入
有几种方法可以导入这些XML转储.



导入大型XML转储（如英文维基百科）


使用 特殊:导入
Special:Import can be used by wiki users with  permission (by default this is users in the   group) to import a small number of pages (about 100 should be safe).

Trying to import large dumps this way may result in timeouts or connection failures.


 * See meta:Help:Import for a detailed description.
 * Large files might be rejected due to limits in PHP configuration, see meta:Help:Import

You are asked to give an interwiki prefix. For instance, if you exported from the English Wikipedia, you have to type 'en'.



管理权限
参见.

To allow all registered editors to import (not recommended) the line added to "LocalSettings.php" would be:



可能的错误
For using Transwiki-Import PHP safe_mode must be off and "open_basedir" must be empty (both of them are variables in php.ini). Otherwise the import fails.

如果你遇到这样的错误：

Warning: XMLReader::open: Unable to open source data in /.../wiki/includes/Import.php on line 53 Warning: XMLReader::read: Load Data before trying to read in /.../wiki/includes/Import.php on line 399

And Special:Import shows: "Import failed: Expected &lt;mediawiki> tag, got ", this may be a problem caused by a fatal error on a previous import, which leaves libxml in a wrong state across the entire server, or because another PHP script on the same server disabled entity loader (PHP bug). This happens on MediaWiki versions prior to MediaWiki 1.26, and the solution is to restart the webserver service (apache, etc), or write and execute a script that calls  (see ).



如果您有 shell 访问权限，请使用 importDump.php

 * Recommended method for general use, but slow for very big data sets.
 * See: Manual:importDump.php, including tips on how to use it for large wikis.



使用importTextFiles.php维护脚本
If you have a lot of content converted from another source (several word processor files, content from another wiki, etc), you may have several files that you would like to import into your wiki. In MediaWiki 1.27 and later, you can use the importTextFiles.php maintenance script.

You can also use the edit.php maintenance script for this purpose.

rebuildall.php
For large XML dumps, you can run, but, it will take a  long time, because it has to parse all pages. This is not recommended for large data sets.

Using pywikibot, pagefromfile.py and Nokogiri
pywikibot is a collection of tools written in python that automate work on Wikipedia or other MediaWiki sites. Once installed on your computer, you can use the specific tool 'pagefromfile.py' which lets you upload a wiki file on Wikipedia or MediaWiki sites. The xml file created by dumpBackup.php can be transformed into a wiki file suitable to be processed by 'pagefromfile.py' using a simple Ruby program similar to the following (here the program will transform all xml files which are on the current directory which is needed if your MediaWiki site is a family):

For example, here is an excerpt of a wiki file output by the command 'ruby dumpxml2wiki.rb' (two pages can then be uploaded by pagefromfile.py, a Template and a second page which is a redirect):

The program accesses each xml file, extracts the texts within markups of each page, searches the corresponding title as a parent and enclosed it with the paired   commands used by 'pagefromfile' to create or update a page. The name of the page is in an html comment and separated by three quotes on the same first start line. Please notice that the name of the page can be written in Unicode. Sometimes it is important that the page starts directly with the command, like for a #REDIRECT ; thus the comment giving the name of the page must be after the command but still on the first line.

Please remark that the xml dump files produced by dumpBackup.php are prefixed by a namespace:

In order to access the text node using Nokogiri, you need to prefix your path with 'xmlns':

Nokogiri是一个HTML、XML、SAX和Reader解析器，能够通过XPath或CSS3选择器搜索上一代使用Ruby的XML解析器的文档.

Example of the use of 'pagefromfile' to upload the output wiki text file:



如何导入日志
Exporting and importing logs with the standard MediaWiki scripts often proves very hard; an alternative for import is the script  in the WikiDAT tool, as suggested by Felipe Ortega.

故障排除


跨Wiki
If you get the message Page "meta:Blah blah" is not imported because its name is reserved for external linking (interwiki). the problem is that some pages to be imported have a prefix that is used for interwiki linking. For example, ones with a prefix of 'Meta:' would conflict with the interwiki prefix  which by default links to https://meta.wikimedia.org.

You can do any of the following.


 * Remove the prefix from the table. This will preserve page titles, but prevent interwiki linking through that prefix.
 * Example: you will preserve page titles 'Meta:Blah blah' but will not be able to use the prefix 'meta:' to link to meta.wikimedia.org (although it will be possible through a different prefix).
 * How to do it: before importing the dump, run the query  (note: do not include the colon in the  ). Alternatively, if you have enabled editing the interwiki table, you can simply go to Special:Interwiki and click the 'Delete' link on the right side of the row belonging to that prefix.
 * Replace the unwanted prefix in the XML file with "Project:" before importing. This will preserve the functionality of the prefix as an interlink, but will replace the prefix in the page titles with the name of the wiki where they're imported into, and might be quite a pain to do on large dumps.
 * Example: replace all 'Meta:' with 'Project:' in the XML file. MediaWiki will then replace 'Project:' with the name of your wiki during importing.



另见

 * Manual:DumpBackup.php
 * Data dumps/Other tools
 * Manual:System administration
 * Manual:Configuring file uploads – May come in handy if you are doing massive imports
 * Manual:Errors and Symptoms – Settings that may need to be changed if you are doing massive imports
 * Manual:ImportImages.php - for importing images.
 * Manual:Importing external content
 * Manual:Importing Wikipedia infoboxes tutorial