ResourceLoader/Developing with ResourceLoader

This is a quick walkthrough about the key points you need to understand to develop in MediaWiki core or an extension with ResourceLoader.

Registering

 * See also Manual:$wgResourceModules

In order for all the ResourceLoader features to function properly it is required to register modules under a symbolic name. We do that by adding the module definition to (if you're writing an extension), or to add the array to ./resources/Resources.php (if you're working in core).

Notice that we only list the dependency we directly need. Other modules such as jquery and jquery.ui will be automatically loaded to support jquery.ui.datepicker. Also notice that because (in this example) ext.myExtension is a module provided by and related to an extension, the module name begins with " ".

Tip: Pass single resources as a string. Pass multiple resources as an array of strings.

Media queries
You can use media queries to specify when a CSS file applies:

In the above example, the  stylesheet will always apply, the   stylesheet applies on print (and in the "Printable version" mode), and the   stylesheet applies when the viewport width is at least 982 pixels.

@embed

 * See also ResourceLoader/Features

The  annotation triggers the Data URI embedding feature of ResourceLoader. Small images (up to 24kb per image) referenced with this annotation will be automatically embedded by ResourceLoader.

In MediaWiki 1.22 and newer instead of the @embed annotation, LESS mixins are used to embed background images, for example the .background-image mixin:

If the image can be embedded, this will be processed to the following CSS code:

If the image cannot be embedded, this will in contrast be processed to this CSS code:

For the LESS code, which does this processing, see resources/mediawiki.less/mediawiki.mixins.less inside the MediaWiki Core.

@noflip

 * See also ResourceLoader/Features

To disable the flipping functionality for one CSS declaration or on an entire ruleset, use the  annotation:

For example:

Module structure

 * Work in progress

Two modules for most extensions. A module to be loaded from the containing styles and/or scripts that need to run as soon as possible. This module should generally be a small as possible and be used to:
 * Top module
 * Style output by PHP
 * Insert or modify elements that change the location of anything above the "the fold" (such as inserting a banner that pushes the page down, or a sidebar widgets that pushes another sidebar portlet down, or a content action tab that causes a change in the position of other tabs)


 * Bottom module (default)
 * Insert or modify elements that are not visible right away (e.g. binding autocompletion to a form element or inserting a small absolutely positioned widget)
 * Anything else

Toggle debug mode
ResourceLoader supports complex client-side web applications in production and development environments. As these different environments have different needs, ResourceLoader offers two distinct modes: production mode and debug mode (also known as "development") mode.

Debug mode is designed to make development as easy as possible, prioritizing the ease of identifying and resolving problems in the software over performance. Production mode makes the opposite prioritization, emphasizing performance over ease of development.

It is important to test your code in both debug and production modes. In day-to-day development, most developers will find it beneficial to use debug mode most of the time, only validating their code's functionality in production mode before committing changes.

Debug mode can be enabled for all page views, or for an individual view (with  in the URL); see ResourceLoader/Features for details on toggling it.

Server-side exceptions
Errors thrown from ResourceLoader during module packaging in load.php requests are caught and output in a javascript comment on top of that request response (e.g. an error in a module definition such as missing files). You can inspect them through a panel for network requests in the developer tools for your browser.

You can also get the error in a log file by setting up a log file in. They aren't added to the main debug log since logging is disabled by default for requests to load.php.

Breaking cache
When making frequent changes to code and checking them in a browser, the caching mechanisms designed to improve the performance of web-browsing can quickly become inconvenient. When developing on a system which is not making use of a reverse proxy such as Squid or Varnish, you only need to force your browser to bypass its cache while refreshing. This can be achieved by pressing CTRL+F5 in Internet Explorer, or holding the shift key while clicking the browser's refresh button in most other browsers.

If you are developing behind a reverse proxy, you can either change the values of $wgResourceLoaderMaxage or use ?debug=true to bypass cache since is fixed.

Server-side

 * see also Manual:OutputPage.php

While building the page, add one or more modules to the page by calling the  method on the   object and passing it one or more module names (such as " ", " " or " ")

adds the given module names to the load queue of the page. The client side loader requests all of the components for this module (scripts, styles, messages, dependencies, etc.) and execute them correctly. If your module contains a styles that affect elements outputted by PHP as well as elements created dynamically, then you should split the module. One for styling/enhancing the output, and one for dynamic stuff. The first module should have the "position" property set to "top" (in the module definition in ), so that ResourceLoader will load it before parsing the rest of the HTML, preventing a FOUC (Flash of unstyled content). The other module doesn't need a "position" property and will simply be loaded asynchronously by the client, not blocking further parsing of the page.

Both should be added to the load queue in the same way, without repeating or forcing any particular loading style. This information is already in the module registry and the client will handle it accordingly.

CSS
If you have CSS that should be loaded even when JavaScript is unavailable, you can add it to the page with  which will load it with a  tag.

This is in contrast with the preferred method  which will load modules as a complete package in a single request (scripts, styles, messages) dynamically (from a lightweight client in JavaScript). This is the preferred method because it is more efficient (single request for all resources), it supports dependency resolution and batching only what is not yet loaded (through access to the startup manifest and state of other modules), and is highly cacheable (through access to the startup manifest with all version numbers it can dynamically generate permanently cacheable urls).

Since dependency changes can be deployed independently from caching the page, static loading with  cannot use dependencies. And since you can't dynamically access the latest version of the startup manifest from static HTML without JavaScript execution, it cannot have versions in the urls either and are therefore cached much shorter.

In practice you should only use  for stylesheets that are required for basic presentation of server-generated content (PHP output and the core Skin). Separate this CSS from modules with JavaScript and styling of dynamically-generated content, and don't have JavaScript modules depend on it, otherwise ResourceLoader may load modules twice.

JavaScript
JavaScript files are, like CSS files, also evaluated in the order they are defined in the  array.

In the following example, one would use the entry  when registering the module.

The page loading this module would somewhere use  to output the element.

Client-side (dynamically)
If you only need a module in a certain scenario of the user interface, you could instead create a small init module (that is loaded server side), and from there use JavaScript to kick-off the load of the rest of the module when necessary. Use the  object for this.

Usage:

If you just want to load the module, and don't need the callback, you can use  instead.

Tip: You can combine the two approaches. For example, if you put up a jQuery UI dialog after an AJAX request, you can call  right after you fire off the request so the two load in parallel, then wrap the code that creates the dialog: