Transclusion/zh

轉納通常指把一个文档的内容引用到另一个文档里. 在维基的上下文中，使用MediaWiki的模板功能可以在多个文档中包含相同的内容，而无需单独编辑这些文档.



如何轉納文字


要把任何源页面轉納到其它目标页面（在单个MediaWiki项目内，例如维基百科）里，使用下面的代码：

Whenever the target page A is rendered, the entire content of the source page B (in this case, SOMEPAGE), will be rendered at the location where the transclusion tag was placed.

For example, you might decide to place a welcome message on every newcomer's talk page. Transclusion creates a "live" link between the template-page and the target-page(s) upon which the message should appear. When the template is edited, all the target-pages are edited too.

You might also decide to create a (template) page with your mailing address and include that template on not only your page, but all your friends' pages as well. When you move your television and couch to another apartment, you can change your address template, and that new information will automatically update on all your friends' pages.



轉納标记和语法
如果源文档在模板名字空间下(例如:Template:Welcome)，则仅用填写模板名称本身即可:

如果源文档在主名字空间下(比如:VisualEditor)，你必须在前面加上一个引号:

如果源文档在其它任何名字空间下(比如:User:Example)，你必须使用全名，包括名字空间的名称:

If the source is a subpage of the target page, (e.g. "Transclusion/ja"), you can simply specify the name of the subpage regardless of namespace:

词源
Ted Nelson coined the term "transclusion", as well as "hypertext" and "hypermedia", in his 1982 book Literary Machines.



部分轉納
By using "noinclude", "onlyinclude" and "includeonly" markup, it is possible to transclude part of a page rather than all of it. Such partial transclusions can also be achieved by transcluding from other pages such as subpages. It is often desirable not to transclude some information, such as template documentation and categories.

Examples of when to use full versus partial transclusion
Use full transclusion when you want to include the full content of a source page in a target page. For example, you could include the full content of a page about apples in a page about tree fruits. Use partial transclusion when you only want to include part of a source page in a target page. For example, you could include only information about Granny Smith apples from a page about apples in a page about ingredients commonly used in baking.

Partial transclusion markup

 * noinclude - The markup  means that the text between the tags is visible exclusively on the source page and cannot be transcluded onto another page. This is useful for template documentation and categories.
 * includeonly - The markup  means that the text between the tags will be hidden on the source page and visible only when transcluded onto a different page. This can be useful, for example, for adding categories to pages transcluding a template, without adding the template itself to these categories.
 * onlyinclude - The markup  means that the text between the tags will be visible on the source page and visible when transcluded onto a different page. This is the most subtle of the partial transclusion tags because it often overrules the others. If there is at least one pair of "onlyinclude" tags on a page, then whenever this page is transcluded, it is only the material within the "onlyinclude" tags that is transcluded. There can be several such "onlyinclude" sections on a page. This can be useful, for example, to repeat a small part of one page on a second one: just surround the small part by onlyinclude tags, and transclude it onto the second page.

You can nest all three transclusion types within each other, which enables you to refine exactly what content is displayed on the current page and is visible on transcluded pages.

Subpages
You can cut and paste the text to be transcluded into a subpage, then use the name of the subpage in the transclusion template. This approach can be used only where subpages are enabled; for example, on the English Wikipedia, subpages can be used only from User, Talk or Wikipedia pages; currently, subpages cannot be created from main article pages.

Example: you want to discuss the deletion and redirecting of Pussycat to Cat. First, create the subpage Talk:Pussycat/Let's delete Pussycat!, write your comment into it, then transclude it in Talk:Pussycat and Talk:Cat using the template  . Comments posted in either talk page will be shown in both.

Special pages

 * See also:w:Wikipedia:Transclusion and 

Some pages on Special:Specialpages can be transcluded, such as Special:AllPages, Special:PrefixIndex, Special:NewFiles, Special:NewPages, Special:RecentChanges and Special:RecentChangesLinked.

Sample: gives 3 new pages.

URL parameters can be given like template parameters, e. g..

Alternatives to transclusion by template
Occasionally you may want to use a template, but for one reason or another may not want to use transclusion. The automatic one-time copying of a template's code/text to the location of a template tag is called Template substitution or subclusion (substitution + transclusion). To subclude a template's code/text, the template tag is modified from the standard transclusion tag to a substitution tag, simply by adding subst:, creating a tag with the form:.

Labeled Section Transclusion
An extension called Labeled Section Transclusion enables marked sections of text to be transcluded. An extension with a somewhat similar function is extension (unmaintained).

Scribunto
You can transclude page content, or even parts of it, using Lua with the extension. See Module:Transcluder for an example on this wiki.

Semantic MediaWiki
The Semantic MediaWiki extension uses inline queries to query and display semantic data. There are currently two ways to perform transclusion or something similar:


 * 1) Transclusion proper. The display format "embedded" ensures that selected pages (mainspace articles, templates, etc.) are transcluded. As with templates, sections placed between noinclude tags will be omitted.
 * 2) Selected passages in a page can be assigned a property of type 'Text'. These selections can be requested by running an inline query for this type of property.

See inline queries for further information.



與MediaWiki轉納相關的頁面

 * w:Wikipedia:MediaWiki namespace
 * m:Help:MediaWiki namespace
 * m:Help:Variable
 * w:Wikipedia talk:Template namespace

模板

 * w:维基百科:模板名字空间
 * w:维基百科:模板限制
 * w:维基百科:模板限制



另见

 * Request for template transclusion from Commons (interwiki templates, etc.)
 * w:Wikipedia:Substitution (the opposite of transclusion)
 * Extension:Labeled Section Transclusion