MediaWiki database policy/fr

Cette page décrit le code officiel des règles de la base de données MediaWiki. Il a été approuvé en décembre 2019 via le processus des RFC TechCom par la RFC T220056.

Requêtes dans la base de données

 * Tout code nouveau qui envoie des requêtes SQL à partir de Mediawi ne doit générer aucun avertissement en mode strict MariaDB / MySQL (d'après la RFC T112637).
 * WMF va activer le mode strict MariaDB / MySQL (T108255), qui sera dans tous les cas le mode par défaut de MySQL 5.7. Avant cela, le code doit être exempt de tout avertissement.
 * Le code qui accède à la base de données doit être compatible avec les modes SQL de MySQL suivants :
 * (equivalent to )
 * Database code must be compatible with older versions of databases as listed in the MediaWiki installation requirements for database server. However, performance improvements that would only apply to the newest, supported versions (or its default or widely recommended defaults) should be favoured over those that apply only to unsupported releases.
 * Non-deterministic queries and unsafe statements for binlog should be avoided as they would return/write different results in a replication environment. The latter can be detected as warnings with the text "[Warning] Unsafe statement written to the binary log using statement format since BINLOG_FORMAT = STATEMENT". Those include   when using an auto_increment key,    without an , and using non-deterministic functions like  . https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/replication-rbr-safe-unsafe.html has more info
 * Non-deterministic queries and unsafe statements for binlog should be avoided as they would return/write different results in a replication environment. The latter can be detected as warnings with the text "[Warning] Unsafe statement written to the binary log using statement format since BINLOG_FORMAT = STATEMENT". Those include   when using an auto_increment key,    without an , and using non-deterministic functions like  . https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/replication-rbr-safe-unsafe.html has more info

Modifications du schéma

 * All new tables must have a primary key. When a candidate for primary key could not be created (for example, if all columns can be repeated), a separate auto_increment column, or other arbitrary field (depending on the case), must be added.
 * Primary keys, and fields that reference them, should be unsigned, in order to increase the maximum values.

Corrections dans la base de données
Si vous modifiez le schéma de la base de données, observez les règles suivantes :


 * Update the installer – Update  and add an appropriate SQL patch file to  . The naming convention, if you're adding a field, is  . If you're removing a field, it's  . If you're adding a table, it's  . Look at the commit history of   to find examples of how it's done. If you're adding a bunch of fields to the same table, make all those changes in one query in one patch file.
 * Make your schema change optional – All schema changes must go through a period of being optional. Some examples:
 * Instead of changing the format of a column, create a new column, make all writes happen to the old and new column (if it exists), and deprecate use of the old column. Check if the new column exists before blindly assuming that it does. Only eliminate support for the old column after it's clear the schema migration has completed and there's no chance that we'll need to roll back to the old version of the software. If this doesn't seem feasible, send mail to Wikitech-l asking for advice.
 * You could set your new feature to only work if a config option is set to true, and set the option to false by default. Then the commit can be safely deployed before the schema change is made. To deploy your feature to the Wikimedia cluster, file a ticket in Phabricator in the relevant project with the  tag. Once you've confirmed the change has been made, you can remove the config option to enable your feature.
 * Note that this means your schema change should be optional in code - for wikimedia deployments, it is expected that every wiki with the relevant database table(s) will have the schema change applied to them. If you need different schema for different wikis, then apply the change using an extension and creating new tables dependent on that extension.

Il y a des cas où la règle « rendez facultatives vos modifications de schéma » serait contraire du point de vue des performances ou logistique. However, schema changes like that should be rare to begin with, and should have prominent discussion on the wikitech-l mailing list. In the case where it's impossible to make your schema change optional, it is still critical to write scripts to roll back to the pre-change state.


 * Search for input from a WMF Database Administrator – MediaWiki is deployed to Wikimedia websites every week, and it takes considerable planning to apply schema changes to MySQL-based sites the size of Wikipedia. Jaime Crespo (jcrespo on LDAP, jynus on irc and Manuel Arostegui, marostegui) are the best people to add to database reviews. In most cases, input is just needed on the logistics of the change.
 * Test your changes on Beta - in particular, it is a common mistake to change indexes and column definitions that would result in different query plans. Try to test the generated queries' plan with tools such as EXPLAIN; not doing so could mean that, when scaled to production, queries that only take 1 second locally, they pileup on production when they receive much more traffic and have larger tables.