Help:Images/ja

このページでは、ウィキを編集する際の画像の構文を説明します. ページで画像を使用するには、通常、あなたまたは別の利用者が画像をアップロードする必要があります.

MediaWikiサーバーに保存された画像は、通常、 名前空間接頭辞を使って（ただし、古い 名前空間接頭辞も、同様の役割を果たすものとしてサポートされています）、MediaWikiのページへのリンクターゲットとして表示されます. 変種、 名前空間接頭辞は、元のメディアファイルの中身を参照するのに使えます（そのファイルを別に表示またはダウンロードする、MediaWIki ページ以外のため）.

対応している画像のメディアの種類
既定では以下のファイル形式に対応しています:


 * .jpgや.jpeg : 標準JPEGフォーマットで圧縮されたビットマップ画像（この非可逆フォーマットは、写真に最も適しています）
 * .png : Portable Network Graphics形式のビットマップ画像（"W3 Consortium"で指定されています）
 * .gif : レガシーのグラフィックインターチェンジ形式のビットマップ画像

Wikimediaで使われ、それ以外のどこでも一般的に有効な形式（これらはデフォルトで有効な分に加え、特別な設定が必要な場合があります）


 * .svg : Scalable Vector Graphics形式のベクター画像（「W3 Consortium」で策定） Manual:画像の管理#SVG を参照してください.
 * .tiff : タグ付けされた画像フォーマット しばしば、資料保存のための高画質な写真に用いられます. しばしば、と一緒に用いられます.
 * .ogg, .oga, .ogv : Ogg マルチメディア (音声または動画) 画像形式ではありませんが、同様に扱われます. しばしば、と一緒に用いられます. （訳注：Extension:OggHandlerは廃止済み）
 * .pdf : Portable Document Format形式の複数ページドキュメント（当初は “Adobe” によって策定されていました） しばしば、と一緒に用いられます.
 * .djvu : DjVu 形式の複数ページのビットマップドキュメント（殆どの場合、書籍のスキャンに使われます）.  を参照してください
 * 一度に表示できる.pdfあるいは.djvuファイルは1点のみです.

他のメディアタイプもサポートできますが、インラインに表示できないかも知れません.

構文
画像を表示するための完全な構文は以下の通りです:

ただし オプション は、以下のいずれかを 0 個以上並べてパイプ記号 (|) で区切ったものです.


 * フォーマットオプション: borderおよび/またはframeless、frame、thumb（thumbnailも可）;
 * Controls how the rendered image is formatted and embedded in the rest of the page.
 * Resizing option: one of
 * {width}px — Resizes the image to fit within the given maximum width in pixels, without restricting its height;
 * x{height}px — Resizes the image to fit within the given maximum height in pixels, without restricting its width;
 * {width}x{height}px — Resizes the image to fit within the given width and height in pixels;
 * upright — Resizes an image to fit within reasonable dimensions, according to user preferences (suitable for images whose height is larger than width).
 * Note that the image will always retain its aspect ratio, and can only be reduced (not increased) in size unless it's in a scalable media type (bitmap images cannot be scaled up).
 * The default maximum size depends on the format and the internal image dimensions (according to its media type).
 * Horizontal alignment option: one of left, right, center, none;
 * Controls the horizontal alignment (and inline/block or floating styles) of the image within a text (no default value).
 * Vertical alignment option: one of baseline, sub, super, top, text-top, middle, bottom, text-bottom;
 * Controls the vertical alignment of a non-floating inline image with the text before or after the image, and in the same block (the default vertical alignment is middle).
 * リンク オプション: 以下のいずれか
 * link={target} — Allows to change the target (to an arbitrary page title, or URL) of the generated link, activable on the rendered image surface; e.g.  renders as Example.jpg (external link), or   renders as Example.jpg (internal link).
 * link= (with an empty value) —  Displays an image without any activable link; e.g.   renders as Example.jpg.


 * ! for MW 1.24 and lower: If you set  (empty), then no   will be rendered. (See T23454.)
 * その他の固有のオプション:
 * alt={alternative text} — Defines the alternative text (maps to the HTML attribute   of the generated   element) of an image that will be rendered if either the referenced image cannot be downloaded and embedded, or if the support media must use the alternative description text (e.g. when using a Braille reader or with accessibility options set by the user in its browser).
 * page={number} — Renders the specified page number (currently only applicable when showing a .djvu or .pdf file).
 * class={html class} — (MediaWiki 1.20+) Defines classes (maps to the HTML attribute  of the generated   element).
 * lang={language code} — (MediaWiki 1.22+) For SVG files containing &lt;switch&gt; statements varying on a systemLanguage attribute, selects what language to render the file in. The default is always English, even on non-English wikis.

If a parameter does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text shows below the image in thumb and frame formats, or as tooltip text in any other format. Caption text displayed in the thumb and frame formats may contain wiki links and other formatting. MediaWiki の拡張機能が追加的なオプションを追加する場合があります.

If 'alt' is not specified and a caption is provided, the alternative text will be created automatically from the caption, stripped of formatting, except when in thumb or frame mode since the caption is already readable by screen readers in that case.

書式
次の表は、使用可能な全ての効果を示しています.

When the height of an image in thumbnail is bigger than its width (i.e. in portrait orientation rather than landscape) and you find it too large, you may try the option, where N is the image's aspect ratio (its width divided by its height, defaulting to 0.75). The alternative is to specify the desired maximum height (in pixels) explicitly.

Note that by writing, you can use a different image for the thumbnail.

サイズとフレーム
Among different formats, the effect of the size parameter may be different, as shown below.


 * For how it appears when its size is not specified, see Format section above.
 * When the format is not specified, or only ed, the size can be both reduced and enlarged to any specified size.
 * In the examples below, the original size of the image is 400 × 267 pixels.
 * An image with  always ignores the size specification, the original image will be reduced if it exceeds the maximum size defined in user preferences.
 * The size of an image with  can be reduced, but can not be enlarged beyond the original size of the image.

Horizontal alignment
Note that when using the  or   formats, the default horizontal alignment will be.

Vertical alignment
The vertical alignment options take effect only if the image is rendered as an inline element and is not floating. They alter the way the inlined image will be vertically aligned with the text present in the same block before and/or after this image on the same rendered row.

Note that the rendered line of text where inline images are inserted (and the lines of text rendered after the current one) may be moved down (this will increase the line-height conditionally by additional line spacing, just as it may occur with spans of text with variable font sizes, or with superscripts and subscripts) to allow the image height to be fully displayed with this alignment constraint.



To show the alignment result more clearly, the text spans are overlined and underlined, the font-size is increased to 200%, and the paragraph block is outlined with a thin border; additionally images of different sizes are aligned:

 text top: text

 text text-top: text

 text super: text

 text baseline: text

 text sub: text

 text default: text

 text middle: text

 text text-bottom: text

 text bottom: text

注記:


 * 1) The "middle" vertical alignment position of the image (which is also the default) usually refers to the middle between the x-height and the baseline of the text (on which the vertical middle of the image will be aligned, and on which usually the text may be overstroke), but not to the middle of the line-height of the font-height that refers to the space between the "text-top" and "text-bottom" positions ; the font-height excludes:
 * 2) * the additional line separation spacing normally divided equally into two line-margins (here 0.5em, according to line-height set to 200%) above and below the font-height).
 * 3) * the additional line spacing which may be added by superscripts and subscripts.
 * 4) However, if the image height causes its top or bottom position to go above or below the normal full line-height of text, the middle position will be adjusted after the increasing the top and/or bottom line-margins so that the image can fit and align properly, and all images (including those with smaller heights) will be vertically centered on the adjusted middle position (for computing the effective line-height, the text of each rendered row with the larger font-height will be considered).
 * 5) The "text-top" and "text-bottom" alignment positions also excludes the extra line spacing added by superscripts and subscripts, but not the additional line-spacing defined by the line-height.
 * 6) The "top" and "bottom" alignment positions take into account all these extra line spacings (including superscripts and subscripts, if they are present in a rendered line span). When the image alignment constrains the image to grow above or below the normal line-spacing, and the image is not absolutely positioned, the image will cause the "top" and "bottom" positions to be adjusted (just like superscripts and subscripts), so the effective line-height between rendered lines of text will be higher.
 * 7) The "underline", "overline" and "overstrike" text-decoration positions should be somewhere within these two limits and may depend on the type and height of fonts used (the superscript and subscript styles may be taken into account in some browsers, but usually these styles are ignored and the position of these decorations may not be adjusted); so these decorations normally don't affect the vertical position of images, relatively to the text.

Stopping the text flow
On occasion it is desirable to stop text (or other inline non-floating images) from flowing around a floating image. Depending on the web browser's screen resolution and such, text flow on the right side of an image may cause a section header (for instance, == My Header == ) to appear to the right of the image, instead of below it, as a user may expect. The text flow can be stopped by placing   (or if you prefer,  ) before the text that should start below the floating image. (This may also be done without an empty line by wrapping the section with the floating images with …, which clears all floats inside the   element.)

All images rendered as blocks (including non-floating centered images, left- or right-floating images, as well as framed or thumbnailed floating images) are implicitly breaking the surrounding lines of text (terminating the current block of text before the image, and creating a new paragraph for the text after them). They will then stack vertically along their left or right alignment margin (or along the center line between these margins for centered images).

既定のリンク ターゲットの変更
The following table shows how to alter the link target (whose default is the image description page) or how to remove it. Changing the link does not alter the format described in the previous sections.

警告:
 * The licencing requirements on your wiki may not allow you to remove all links to the description page that displays the required authors attributions, the copyrights statements, the applicable licencing terms, or a more complete description of the rendered image (including its history of modifications).
 * If you change or remove the target link of an image, you will then have to provide somewhere else on your page an explicit link to this description page, or to display the copyright and author statement and a link to the applicable licence, if they are different from the elements applicable to the embedding page itself.
 * Your wiki policy may restrict the use of the alternate link parameter, or may even enforce a prohibition of alternate link parameters for embedded media files (in which case, the link parameter will be ignored), or may only accept them after validation by authorized users or administrators.

ギャラリーの構文
It's easy to make a gallery of thumbnails with the  tag. 構文は以下の通りです:

Mode parameter
Starting in 1.22 a  parameter is available, taking options as follows:


 * is the original gallery type used by MediaWiki.
 * is similar to, but with no border lines.
 * causes images to have the same height but different widths, with little space between the images. The rows in this responsive mode organize themselves according to the width of the screen.
 * shows the caption overlaid on the image, in a semi-transparent white box.
 * is similar to, but with the caption and box only showing up on hover.
 * creates a slideshow of the images.

例:

Gives (mode: packed-hover):

Optional gallery attributes
The gallery tag itself takes several additional parameters, specified as attribute name-value pairs:

Row of images that will wrap to browser width
One way that works for a row of images with varying widths is not to use "thumb" or "left" or "none". If "thumb" is not used (and thus no captions) a row of images will wrap to the browser width. If necessary, narrow the browser window to see the images wrap to the next row.





To wrap images of varying widths with captions it is necessary to use div HTML for an unordered list. Along with. For more info and ideas see: Give Floats the Flick in CSS Layouts.

     <li style="display: inline-block;"> </li> <li style="display: inline-block;"> </li> <li style="display: inline-block;"> </li> <li style="display: inline-block;"> </li> <li style="display: inline-block;"> </li> <li style="display: inline-block;"> </li> </ul>

Some wiki farms do not have all gallery options (such as "widths"). Also, sometimes one wants varying widths for images in a row. Outside of a gallery, or the div HTML, it is impossible to have individual captions for images in a row of images that will wrap to the browser width. Try it and see. Nothing else using wikitext works correctly. Images will either overlap stuff on the right, or force a horizontal scroll bar.

Using a left float ("left") for some images, combined with "none" for some of the images, will not work consistently either, especially if there is also a right sidebar of images. Weird things will occur. At narrower browser or screen widths an image out of the row may appear far down the page after the end of the right sidebar of images.

リンクの挙動
By default an image links to its file description page. The "link=" option modifies this behavior to link to another page or website, or to turn off the image's linking behavior.

Alternatively, you can create a text link to a file description page or to the file itself. See.

Display image, link it to another page or website
Use "link=" option to link image to another page or website:

Clicking on the below image will take you to MediaWiki:





Clicking on the below image will take you to example.com:





Display image, turn off link
Use "link=" option with no value assigned to turn link off entirely; the below image is not a link:





Link to an image
Add  as a prefix to the link you need to create.

File:Wiki.png File:Wiki.png Wiki Wiki

Obtain a direct link to an image
To get a direct link to an image (bypassing the image's description page), some magic words can be used.

Becomes:



In the event that this is used from a template where the  namespace needs to be removed,   can do so:

Becomes:



Requisites
Before using images in your page, the system administrator of your wiki must have enabled file uploads and a user has to upload the file. System administrators may also set the wiki to accept files from foreign repositories, such as the Wikimedia Commons. For server side image resizing it is necessary to have a scaler configured (such as GD2, ImageMagick, etc.).

外部サイトのファイル
オンラインで参照できる外部サイトのファイルにリンクするには、外部サイトへのリンクに使用する構文を流用できます. その構文を介すると、当該の画像をレンダリングする代わりに、リンク先を示す文字列のみ表示します.



あるいは表示用に別の文言を代入します.

ここにリンクする文言を記入

表示用の文言として、その他のMediaWikiマークアップあるいはHTML/CSS形式（インラインの要素）の使用も認められます（前後のリンクを壊す場合は埋め込みリンクを除外）. [http://www.example.com/some/image.png サンプル リッチな   リンクする文言 をここに記入. ] which renders as: [http://www.example.com/some/image.png サンプル リッチな   リンクする文言 をここに記入. ]

ご利用のウィキで利用可能にすると（を参照）、外部の画像の埋め込みも可能です. 手順は画像のURLを記入するだけです. http://url.for/some/image.png Currently, embedded images cannot be resized, but they may be formatted by surrounding MediaWiki markup or HTML/CSS code.

If this wiki option is not enabled, the image will not be embedded but rendered as a textual link to the external site, just like above.

関連項目

 * Wikipedia:Extended image syntax — 英語版ウィキペディアの編集のガイドライン
 * Category:Wikipedia image help — 英語版ウィキペディアの画像関連ヘルプ
 * ウィキペデャの画像に関するチュートリアル
 * Wikipedia:Help:Gallery tag — 英語版ウィキペディアの画像ギャラリーのリスト