Manual:LocalSettings.php/vi

File  cung cấp cáccài đặt cấu hình cơ bản(dựa trên file  ) của một cài đặt MediaWiki. Bạn phải chú ý xem lại các cài đặt trong file này. File này thường được tạo ra bởi trình cài đặt web-based MediaWiki nhưng bạn cũng có thể điều chỉnh các thông số, có lẽ liên quan đến các cài đặt Apache. Đối với các cài đặt MediaWiki được cấu hình như là một wiki farm, một file được đặt tên  có thể được sử dụng.

Vị trí trên server
File LocalSettings.php không phải là 1 trang wiki và bạn không thể truy cập tới nó trên trình duyệt của bạn. Thật ra, nó là 1 file trong hệ thống file của server. Nội dung của nó được tạo ra trong quá trình cài đặt wiki ban đầu và file kết quả phải được copy vào server thủ công. File đó phải nằm trong folder mà bạn cài đặt MediaWiki vào, cùng cấp với các folder như "includes/" hoặc "skins/" và các file như "api.php". Nếu file này không nằm ở đó, wiki sẽ không làm việc - nếu wiki làm việc, file này sẽ có ở đó. Nếu bạn không biết nó nằm ở đâu, bạn có thể chạy dòng lệnh này  trên UNIX shell để server của bạn chỉ cho bạn file này đang nằm ở vị trí nào.

Security
LocalSettings.php thường chứa các dữ liệu nhạy cảm như database logins. Dữ liệu này không bao giờ được để lộ ra công cộng! Do một lỗ thủng bảo mật nào đó trên server, có thể người dùng nào đó có thể thấy được nội dung bên trong các file. Để tăng cường bảo mật cho dữ liệu của bạn, bạn phải đặt UNIX permissions cho file này để: webserver user phải được quyền truy cập vào file này. Nếu có cùng account, ai là chủ của file đó, thì bạn có thể đặt permissions giá trị 600. Đôi khi, webserver user không phải là chủ của file đó, nhưng anh ta lại là chủ của nhóm UNIX user. Trong trường hợp này, permissions có giá trị là 640. Để tăng độ bảo mật, bạn phải thu hẹp permissions xuống tới mức thấp nhất có thể.

Thêm vào đó, bạn có thể tạo ra một MySQL user, người này chỉ bị cấm bởi database sử dụng bởi wiki và cung cấp giấy ủy nhiệm cho người này trong LocalSettings.php. Bạn cũng có thể cấu hình database server của mình theo các tương tự để chỉ chấp nhận các kết nối từ localhost - điều này sẽ ngăn chạn việc truy cập từ bên ngoài trong trường hợp bị rò rỉ các ủy nhiệm.

Nội dung của file
Khi chỉnh sửa lại file LocalSettings.php, hãy đảm bảo rằng nó có quyền encoding trở lại. Bạn nên sử dụng "ANSI as UTF-8" encoding - đó là UTF-8 encoding không cần đánh dấu thứ tại byte (byte order mark -BOM).

LocalSettings.php chứa mã PHP ; chủ yếu là các định nghĩa của các biến và giá trị của chúng. Thay đổi một cài đặt thường có nghĩa là thay đổi giá trị của một biến PHP. Các thay đổi sẽ có hiệu lực ngay lập tức sau khi lưu lại tập tin trên máy chủ: Không cần phải "khởi động lại" bằng tay bất cứ thứ gì. Dù sao, trong một số trường hợp, bạn có thể cần phải xóa bộ nhớ cache trình duyệt của bạn để thực sự nhìn thấy những thay đổi mà bạn đã thực hiện.

The default values of many more settings are set in, which should not be edited; if the variable you want to change is not already mentioned in your  , copy the appropriate line from   and modify it appropriately in LocalSettings.php. Within  you can add new lines at the end.

Within the file, there can also be several lines such as ' ', which point to extensions. These lines enable the according extension in the wiki. Those extensions may require setting the values of more variables in ; check the documentation of the according extension for further instructions.

Your version of  may not end with a closing PHP tag of  . This is done on purpose, as it prevents people from accidentally adding new information after this tag. PHP will function just fine without a closing tag.

If you have a wiki on a MediaWiki wiki farm you may not have write-access (perhaps not even read-access) to the file LocalSettings.php (see e.g.). The wiki farm company may or may not be willing to make changes you desire. Perhaps it wants to keep most settings the same on all wikis of the wiki farm.

Overview of available settings
See the configuration settings index and the comments included in the settings files for help on what all the variables do. A short listing of the most important variables, as well as the most requested features, is listed below.

Include path
The $IP (include path) variable holds the local file path to the base installation of your wiki. Make sure you refer to the fully qualified file path. Do not include a slash at the end of the path. Since MediaWiki 1.17, setting $IP in LocalSettings.php is no longer needed. It will default to the current working directory automatically.

The DefaultSettings.php file gets loaded from the directory designated by the IP variable.

Site name
The $wgSitename variable holds the name of your wiki setup. This name gets included many times throughout the system, such as via MediaWiki:Pagetitle. For instance, the Wikipedia tagline "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" makes use of this setting.

Declensions of site name
Some translations of interface are ready for inflection of site name. You can set proper forms of word in variables $wgGrammarForms.

Site language
The $wgLanguageCode variable controls the language of your wiki's interface. While users can switch the language they see in their preferences, this variable sets the default language that all anonymous users and most registered users see.

Script path
$wgScriptPath is the URL path prefix to access the main MediaWiki script that is the central acting piece of code of MediaWiki. This setting should correspond to the Apache settings, especially if you are using Apache's rewrite rules.

Server name
$wgServer can be used optionally to overwrite the automatic detection. When the wiki is accessed from either the localhost where it runs, from an intranet or from the internet, e-mail notifications and a few other computed messages would be usually delivered with the different URLs. Using  overwrites the detection and the server name will be constant.

If www.example.com is the server address of your wiki as seen from the internet, add a line such as

The magic word variable  can be used on wiki pages; it equals the value of  ; however, on a wiki, such as those in the WikiMedia family, where relative urls are used, it will not fully expand, for example here it displays, which can neither be clicked nor copy-pasted into the address bar as it is.

Script name
$wgScript is the name of the main (index) MediaWiki PHP script, named  by default. Changing the script name is probably not a good idea. However, if you feel the urge to do so, this is the place to make your changes. Make sure you know what you are doing.

Redirect script name
The $wgRedirectScript variable specifies the URL path to the redirect script which handles redirects in MediaWiki. This setting is similar to wgScript as you can configure the exact name of the script. As mentioned above, this is probably not a good idea unless you really know what you are doing.

Article path
$wgArticlePath is the path to use when accessing a page in MediaWiki. The path should contain the path to the main script (usually making use of ) and use the   placeholder for the article name.

If you are using Apache rewrite rules to create pretty and short URLs, you probably need to adjust  to address the right path. Note that wgArticlePath is used to construct URLs from within MediaWiki. If you make a mistake here, internal links will show up incorrectly while you still may be able to access the main page by specifying the correct URL manually. See Manual:Short URL for more information on URL configuration.

Typical values are:

Stylesheet location
Use the $wgStylePath variable to set the URL path to the place where the stylesheets (CSS) for the MediaWiki installation are located. The $wgStyleDirectory variable should point the same place, but note that this is a local file system path for use in internal scripts accessing the file system.

Upload location
The upload directory is the place where files uploaded by the users are stored. The $wgUploadPath variable specifies the URL path, the $wgUploadDirectory points to the local file system path.

Logo
The $wgLogo variable specifies which graphical logo is displayed in the top left corner of all mediawiki pages. These steps replace the default logo in the /wiki/skins/common/images/ directory, replacing /wiki with the path to the directory where you installed the MediaWiki software.

First, copy whatever logo you want into the /wiki/skins/common/images/ directory (replacing /wiki with the path to the directory where you installed the MediaWiki software).

Next, try to find the line that looks like this in :

If there's no such line, you can copy and paste the line above at the end of the file.

Then, modify that line to point to your logo. The logo must be web accessible. The value of this variable is passed to the web browser, which uses it to fetch the logo. If in doubt, a good way to pick what to put here is navigate to the logo in your web browser (for example, this wiki the url of the logo is http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/mediawiki/b/bc/Wiki.png ), and put the full url as the value of this variable.

Some people just replace the skins/common/images/wiki.png file with their logo. This is not recommended, as the customized logo would be overwritten on upgrade.

Contact info
The $wgEmergencyContact variable is the e-mail address of the user to contact if something goes wrong. This e-mail address is used to send internal bug reports to. As an administrator, you want to include your e-mail address here.

The $wgPasswordSender variable is the e-mail address where e-mail gets sent from, when passwords are sent out to users who have forgotten their passwords. Choose an address people can reply to in case of trouble or confusion.

Database settings
MediaWiki needs access to the database (currently either MySQL or PostgreSQL) to store pages, modifications, user information, and a lot more things.

The $wgDBserver contains the hostname where the database is hosted on. In most cases this will be just "localhost" as the database is run on the same system, but for distributed installations, you need to fill in the fully qualified domain name of the computer running the database.

$wgDBname is the database name of the database to be used by MediaWiki. A single MySQL or PostgreSQL installation can store more than one database and you can even run many MediaWiki installations on a single server. Make sure you have stated the correct database name here and use different database names for different wiki installations on the same database server.

The $wgDBuser and $wgDBpassword variables contain the login name and password to be used by MediaWiki to access the database. Make sure the specified user has the proper access rights to be able to manipulate the wiki's table on the database server.

User rights
The $wgGroupPermissions is an associative array, controlling permissions for creating and editing pages for your different user groups. In this array, custom permission levels can be created, and permission levels for the different user groups can be set. See Help:User rights for more information about the different permissions and user groups available.

Force capital links
By default, no page name can start with a lowercase Roman letter: in an attempt to do so the first letter is converted to uppercase; if a link target, included page, image or category is specified with a name starting with a lowercase letter, the actual target etc. is the page starting with the corresponding capital.

Alternatively page names can start with a lowercase letter, in addition to the possibilities of starting with a capital, a digit, etc. For that you must adjust the $wgCapitalLinks variable. Setting it to false allows lowercase characters, true chooses the default behavior.

Enabling subpages
On localsettings.php, subpages are enabled on a per-namespace basis using the $wgNamespacesWithSubpages variable. For example, to enable subpages in the main namespace:

Image uploads
Before users are allowed to upload files to the MediaWiki system, you have to enable that feature. Make sure the Upload Directory is properly configured and writeable by the Apache web server process. Then set the $wgEnableUploads variable to true to allow uploading in the web user interface.

i.e. Here's some example code from includes/DefaultSettings.php to put in LocalSettings.php. If you want to be able to resize images on the fly to support thumbnails, MediaWiki needs a working ImageMagick installation. Set the $wgUseImageResize and $wgUseImageMagick variables to true once you have installed and tested ImageMagick on your system. Make sure the $wgImageMagickConvertCommand variable points to the proper location of the  command of your installation, that the command is executable by the web server process, and $wgMaxShellMemory is large enough. See Manual:Image Administration for detailed information and trouble-shooting.

Also, you may want to modify the list of accepted extensions, which is stored within the $wgFileExtensions array:

In case you run into trouble with ImageMagick, and obtain the following error message:

Try adding the following line to LocalSettings.php: $wgMimeDetectorCommand = "file -bi";

LaTeX inline equations
In order to render mathematical formulae in LaTeX, you need a working LaTeX installation on your system. Set the $wgUseTeX variable to true to enable that feature. Also make sure the $wgMathPath, $wgMathDirectory and $wgTmpDirectory are set properly, but you might want to go with the default values unless you have a very good reason to change it.

Interwiki support
InterWiki support is built into MediaWiki but you need to configure the prefix to be used for your internal links. This prefix is usually the same as $wgSitename, but in case you need to change that, you set the $wgLocalInterwiki variable to the preferred name.

Language of user interface
MediaWiki allows for a variety of localized user interfaces languages instead of the english default. If you want to run your wiki in a non-English language, set the $wgLanguageCode variable to the proper language code (e.g. "de" for German, "es" for Spanish, etc.)

You may use any of the languages found in the directory language. E.g., if you find MessagesEs.php, you can use " " for Spanish. Do not use " " with a capital letter. Although it seems to work, not all texts are translated.

Note: After changing the language code, you will need to run a php script to make it work. With your command line tool, go to your wiki directory, open the "maintenance" folder, and type " ". Please note that on Windows, the PHP folder might not be included in the PATH environment variable.

Not all languages are supported. See here for a list of the localisation statistics of. See translatewiki.net for the statistics per released version.

Setting copyright for the site

 * $wgRightsPage is the page on the wiki that covers the copyrights that it falls under. Usually, this will be Project:Copyrights.
 * $wgRightsUrl is the page describing full details of your license. (For the GNU FDL, for example, this would be .)
 * $wgRightsText is the text in the footer that follows "Content is available under". It will be linked to the page specified in.
 * $wgRightsIcon is the URL of the image placed at the left of the footer.
 * Note: If  is non-empty, the link in the copyright/license notice will link to that page on your site. If   is empty then the copyright/license notice will link to   instead.

To modify the copyright statements of the site, add something like this to LocalSettings.php: Afterwards, edit MediaWiki:Copyright to provide an appropriate message, using  to indicate the position where the link to your copyright page will be.

Example: setting a Creative Commons license

To set a Creative Commons license do the following:


 * Choose your license: http://creativecommons.org/text/publish-website
 * Examine the returned HTML code, e.g.:
 * For  enter the href info from the first anchor:
 * For  enter the text the second anchor links from (add the "a" to the Wiki variable for a more grammatically correct version)
 * For  enter the src info from the img link in the first anchor. You want to copy the badge to your own site instead of using the one from the Creative Commons site.


 * For using RDF metadata about copyright add one or both of the following lines to your LocalSettings.php

Custom namespaces
By declaring the $wgExtraNamespaces array, and modifying the $wgNamespacesWithSubpages, and $wgNamespacesToBeSearchedDefault arrays, extra namespaces can be added to a MediaWiki installation; and by declaring the $wgNamespaceAliases array namespace aliases can be added. Take heed not to have any pages already titled in that namespace, for instance in you had a page called "Technical:Support" and you created the Technical: namespace, then that page would not only be lost, but you cannot remove it from Special:Allpages. To fix this delete the namespace, move "Technical:Support" to "Support" in mainspace, delete the redirect, reinsert the namespace, and move it back to "Technical:Support". See Custom namespaces for more information as to how to do so.

Skins
The default skin of the site can be modified via the $wgDefaultSkin variable.