Help:Templates/it

Se ci sono pezzi di testo che vuoi includere in molte pagine senza ripeterlo, MediaWiki ti offre la possibilità di usare un template (come quello che genera il riquadro in alto). A differenza delle estensioni e dei file multimediali, non esiste una raccolta centrale per i template. I template possono essere di nuova creazione, oppure, per evitare di replicare lavoro già fatto, possono essere esportati da un'altra wiki, come Wikipedia, e quindi importati nella wiki in oggetto.

Creazione
I template sono normali pagine Wiki il cui contenuto è progettato per essere transcluso (incorporato) in altre pagine. I template seguono la convinzione per cui il titolo è preceduto dal prefisso, il che le assegna a detto namespace, devi semplicemente crearli come ogni altra pagina.

L'utilizzo più semplice di un template è il seguente. Se crei una pagina Template:Benvenuto il cui contenuto è riportato qui sotto

Ciao! Benvenuto nella wiki

avrai creato il primo template! Se poi inserisci il codice:

in qualsiasi altra pagina, quando questa pagina è vista il testo "Ciao! Benvenuto nella Wiki." apparirà al posto di.

Puoi quindi inserire  in qualsiasi punto di qualsiasi pagina quando vuoi dare il benvenuto a qualcuno. Supponi che esso sia usato in 100 pagine. Se quindi tu cambi il contenuto del template in:

Ciao a tutti! Benvenuti in questa fantastica Wiki.

e rivisiti qualsiasi delle 100 pagine dove il template era usato vedrai il nuovo testo al posto dell' originale. In questo modo hai cambiato il contenuto di 100 pagine senza modificarle, perché il template è stato trascluso in queste pagine

Questo è il meccanismo base. Ci sono molte azioni disponibili di transclusione che arricchiscono il meccanismo e rendo i template molto utili.

Uso
I template sono pagine wiki che possono essere usati in tre modi:


 * include il contenuto della pagina "Template:Name".
 * include il contenuto della pagina "Template:Name" . come testo.
 * — this was introduced to allow for substitution that doesn't break transclusion, see w:en:Help:Substitution.
 * include il contenuto della pagina "Template:Name" . come testo in modalità

In fact, an ordinary wiki page can also be used as a template, simply by specifying the namespace it resides in, so:


 * includes
 * includes
 * includes
 * replaces itself with the contents of

If no such namespace exists, the full title is assumed to be a template:


 * includes

Parametri
To enrich the mechanism of transclusion, MediaWiki allows parameters to be passed to a template when it is transcluded. Parameters allow the template to produce different contents or have different behaviors.

Suppose you wish to insert a little thank you note in the talk page of other users, such as:

The thank you note will have a reason (in this case, "all your effort") and a signature ("Me"). Your objective is that any user be able to thank any other user, for any reason whatsoever.

So that the note will look similar everywhere it is used, you can define a template called Template:Thankyou, for example. Although the note should look similar whenever a user thanks another user, its specific contents (i.e. the reason and the signature) will be different. For that reason, you should pass them as parameters. If we ignore the remaining elements to format the box and place the image, the core content of the template will be this:

A little thank you... for. hugs,

Notice the use of  and. This is the way to identify, within templates, the parameters that will be passed in when the template is used. Note that, within the template, each parameter is surrounded by three braces:. This is different from normal template name usage.

Quando usi questo tipo di template in una pagina, devi inserire i parametri separandoli con una pipe (|).

Anonymous parameters
To pass in anonymous parameters, list the values of those parameters sequentially:

In this case, the  template receives parameters   and , producing:

The order in which anonymous parameters are passed in is crucial to its behavior. Reversing the order of the parameters, like so:

would produce this result:

Note: identifying parameters by order (with, etc) works only with anonymous parameters. If your page identifies any parameter by number or name, as shown below, this method will no longer be available to the template which receives them.

Note: If an equal sign appears inside an anonymous template parameter, it may be interpreted as a named parameter, treating the text before the equal sign as the parameter name and the text after it as the value. This is a common problem when you need to include an external link, or an HTML element with attributes (see Task 16235) The workaround is to use named parameters instead, or even numbered parameters as explained in the following section.

Template con parametri numerati
To pass in parameters by number, identify each parameter when passing it:

This time, template  receives parameters   and , though they have been supplied in inverse order, and produces:

Named parameters
The third way of passing parameters is by name, instead of numbers. In this case, the template contents would be changed to:

A little thank you... for. hugs,

Within the template, we use  and   to identify each parameter, instead of a number. To pass these parameters by name, identify each parameter when passing it:

In this case, template  receives parameters   and   and produces:

The advantage of using named parameters in your template, besides also being flexible in the order parameters can be passed, is that it makes the template code much easier to understand if there are many parameters.

Default values
If you transclude a template that expects parameters, but do not provide them, in this way:

in the numbered parameters example above you would get the following:

Since no parameters were passed in, the template presents the parameters themselves, instead of their respective values. In these cases, it may be useful to define default values for the parameters, i.e. values that will be used if no value is passed in. For example, if the template contents are changed to:

A little thank you... for. hugs,

then  defines that if no parameter   is provided, then the value   will be used. Similarly,, defaults parameter   to value. Now, transcluding the template again without passing any parameter, results in the following:

Controllare le inclusioni di template
Puoi controllare la parte della pagina del template che verrà inclusa nelle altre pagine usando i tag  e.

Ogni cosa tra  e   verrà mostrata solo nella pagina del template. Possibili usi sono:


 * Categorizzare i template
 * interwiki a template simili in altre lingue
 * Testo di aiuto all'uso del template

L'opposto è. Il testo tra  e   verrà incluso solo nella pagina in cui è inserito il template. Possibili usi sono:


 * Categorizzare tutte le pagine contenenti un template.
 * Ensuring that the template's code is not executed when viewing the template page itself. Typically this is because it expects parameters, and its execution without parameters has an undesired result.

Everything outside  and   tags is processed and displayed normally; that is, both when the template page is being viewed directly and when the template is included in another page.

Organizzare template
Per fare sì che ogni utente possa utilizzare al meglio i template, la cosa migliore è inserire un esempio nella pagina:

To find them, users can:
 * 1) Click ' > '
 * 2) In the ' list, choose Template and click '.

To give usage information, include an example like this one on the template page:

Usage
Welcome users:

Then, an editor can simply copy and paste the example to use the template.

Copying from one wiki to another
Templates often require CSS or other templates, so users frequently have trouble copying templates from one wiki to another. The steps below should work for most templates.

MediaWiki code
If you have import rights (Specifically importupload) on the new wiki:
 * 1) Go to Special:Export on the original wiki, and download an .xml file with the complete history of all necessary templates, as follows:
 * 2) * Enter the name of the template in the big text box, e.g. "Template:Welcome". Pay special attention to capitalization and special characters — if the template name isn't exactly correct, the export may still occur but the .xml file will not have the expected data.
 * 3) * Check the box "".
 * 4) * Uncheck the box "".
 * 5) * Click "".
 * 6) Go to Special:Import on the new wiki and upload the .xml file.

If you don't have import rights on the new wiki:


 * 1) Go to the template you want to copy from the original wiki. Go to the edit page, and copy all the wikitext
 * 2) On the new wiki, go to the page with the same name as the template you copied. Hit create/edit and paste the wikitext you copied. In the edit summary of each template, link to the original page for attribution.
 * 3) Back in the original wiki at the edit window, below the edit box, look at the list of "Templates used on this page". For each template listed follow these instructions. Also do that for any template used by any of these templates, and so on.

This will copy the entire code necessary, and will suffice for some templates. If it doesn't work also check for red links listed under "Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page:", below the edit box. If there are any repeat the above steps for these as well.

After sucessfully importing the template and all its linked templates from the other wiki, edit it to change customisations to suit your wiki. For example to change a logo, remove redundant categories or red links.

Estensioni
An extension often used in templates is ParserFunctions. Visit page and check if any of the functions listed there are used in the templates you've copied. If so, you have to install the. To install it, you'll need system admin access to the server of your MediaWiki installation.

Another dependency that may be used in templates, especially those on Wikipedia, is Lua. Having  in template code is a good sign for it. In case it's used, you need to install the and system admin access is required too. See that page for more instructions about installing and using the extension.

CSS and JavaScript code
Besides MediaWiki code, many templates make use of CSS and some rely on JavaScript to work fully. If the copied templates are not behaving as expected, this may be the cause. To copy the required CSS and JavaScript to your wiki you'll normally need to have admin privileges, because you'll be editing system messages in the "MediaWiki:" namespace.


 * 1) Look for the use of CSS classes (text like  ) in the template text. If those classes appear in "MediaWiki:Common.css" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.css" on the original wiki, copy those classes to "MediaWiki:Common.css" on the new wiki and check if the template is now fine.
 * 2) If the copied template is still not working as expected, check if there is code in "MediaWiki:Common.js" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.js" on the original wiki. If so, you can try copying it to "MediaWiki:Common.js" on the new wiki. Normally, it is a good idea to only copy code from trusted sources, and first browsing the code to identify and select the parts that are relevant. You may find comments that can serve as clues to identify the functionality of each part.

Vedi anche

 * – a template special use case example
 * – fancy stuff you may find in some templates
 * m:Help:Template – contains a much more thorough manual on how exactly templates function
 * m:Help:Advanced templates – describes even more advanced techniques such as dynamic template calls and variable variables
 * m:Help:Embed page – embedding pages from namespaces other than.
 * Importing Wikipedia infoboxes tutorial
 * m:Help:Embed page – embedding pages from namespaces other than.
 * Importing Wikipedia infoboxes tutorial