InstantCommons/es



InstantCommons es una función de MediaWiki que permite usar cualquier archivo multimedia subido a Wikimedia Commons en cualquier instalación de MediaWiki de todo el mundo. Los wikis donde esta función está activada guardan en el caché el contenido que toman de Commons, con lo cual sólo lo descargan una vez, y cualquier visita posterior a la página donde está insertado ese contenido usa la copia descargada y guardada en el servidor local.

Para ver una lista de sitios que usan InstantCommons, mira Sitios que usan InstantCommons.

Justificación
Desde marzo de 2016, Wikimedia Commons, el repositorio central de archivos multimedia hospedado por la Fundación Wikimedia, contiene más de 30 millones de archivos. Todos y cada uno de estos archivos están disponibles bajo una licencia de contenido libre o bien en el dominio público; no existe ninguna otra restricción sobre ellos más allá del uso de insignias oficiales o de marcas registradas. Las licencias que limitan la utilización comercial se consideran como no libres.

A medida que crece la popularidad de Commons, también lo hace el deseo de terceros de usar contenido guardado allí, y de contribuir con nuevo material. En la actualidad es técnicamente posible cargar imágenes directamente desde los servidores de Wikimedia en el contexto de cualquier página web. El uso de enlaces directos de este modo está permitido, pero resulta problemático por varias razones: InstantCommons seeks to address all this by providing an easy method for cached loading of images and metadata from Wikimedia's servers. The first implementation of InstantCommons will be within MediaWiki, allowing for all MediaWiki image operations (thumbnailing, captioning, galleries, etc.) to be performed transparently. However, other wiki engines can implement InstantCommons-like functionality using the API operations described below.
 * It does not respect the license terms of the image, and does not allow for other metadata to be reliably transported
 * Besides failing to properly credit the author of the media file, it also does not give credit to Wikimedia
 * It consumes Wikimedia bandwidth on every pageview (unless the image has been cached on the client side or through a proxy)
 * It does not facilitate useful image operations such as thumbnail generation and captioning and is difficult to use in the context of a wiki, particularly for standard layout operations
 * It is tied to URLs as resource identifiers, which complicates mirroring
 * It creates an untrackable external usage web, where any change on Wikimedia's side necessarily affects these external users
 * It does not permit offline viewing, which is crucial in countries which have only intermittent network access.

Basic feature set
During the installation, the site administrator can choose whether to enable InstantCommons. Ideally, however, the feature should be enabled by default (provided a writable upload directory is specified) to allow the largest possible number of users to use Wikimedia Commons content.

If the feature is enabled, the wiki behaves like a Wikimedia project, that is, if an image or other media file is referred to which exists on Commons, it can be included in a wiki page like a locally uploaded file by specifying its name. Local filenames take precedence over Commons filenames.

Configuración
For enabling InstantCommons in MediaWiki version 1.16 or later, it is sufficient to add the line

a tu LocalSettings.php (más detalles en ).

For enabling in MediaWiki versions 1.13-1.15, see here.

HTTPS
Starting June 2015, Wikimedia Commons can only be accessed using HTTPS. Some installs may be missing their root certificate store which prevents MediaWiki from contacting Commons over HTTPS. If InstantCommons stopped working, try:


 * Installing the php curl extension. (It is generally more reliable, and more likely to have proper certificates already installed.) On debian/ubuntu:
 * Verify you have an up-to-date certificate store. If you have the php curl extension installed, follow the instructions here.

SElinux
If your server OS implements SElinux, please take a look at the dedicated section on the SElinux settings page, and make sure HTTPD scripts and modules can access the network successfully. If SElinux prevents HTTPD scripts and modules from connecting to WikiMedia Commons repository, the InstantCommons feature will simply not work.

Behind a firewall
If the server on which the wiki runs is behind a firewall, the wiki server must be granted outgoing http/https requests to commons.wikimedia.org and upload.wikimedia.org, for Instant Commons to work. The IP address ranges are found at IP addresses.

Using files via InstantCommons
With InstantCommons enabled, you can choose any image from Wikimedia Commons (e.g. ), click the "Use this file" button (the button with the wiki icon next to) and paste the markup in your wiki. In our example, pasting

will render the thumbnail (as can be seen on the right side of this page).

Note that when using files in this way you will still need to respect any licensing and other file use legal requirements - see Commons:Reusing content outside Wikimedia.

Scalability considerations
Because the InstantCommons feature allows a wiki user to download resources from the Wikimedia servers, it is crucial that there is no possibility of a Denial of Service attack against either the using wiki, or the Wikimedia Commons, for example, by pasting 30K of links to the largest files on Wikimedia Commons into a wiki page and pressing "preview". Therefore, every successful InstantCommons request will have to be logged by the InstantCommons-enabled wiki together with the originating user or IP address and the time of the request. If an individual user overrides a generous internal bandwidth limitation (could be as high as 1 GB by default, but should be user-configurable), future images will not be downloaded within a 24 hour period. This limitation should not exist for wiki administrators (if a wiki admin wants to conduct a denial of service attack against his own wiki, they do not need to be stopped from doing so; if they want to conduct an attack against Wikimedia, they cannot be stopped from doing so except on Wikimedia's end). In addition to the per-user bandwidth limit, there could be a limit on the size of files which should be downloaded transparently. This would primarily be because files above a certain size would delay pageviews significantly and might even cause the page request to time out. It might be desirable to use an external application for the purpose of downloading these files, so that it can be done in the background without causing the page request to continue. Finally, there could be a total maximum size for the InstantCommons cache; if this size is exceeded, no further files would be downloaded.

While it is unlikely that individual wikis using the InstantCommons feature would cause a significant increase in cost for the Wikimedia Foundation (since every file only has to be downloaded once, and there are per-user bandwidth limitations), it would nevertheless be fair and reasonable for projects using the feature to include a notice on InstantCommons description pages such as: "This file comes from Wikimedia Commons, a media archive hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. If you would like to support the Wikimedia Foundation, you can donate here ..."

Future potential
In the future, it may be desirable to offer a publisher/subscribe model of changes, which will require wiki-to-wiki authentication and a database of images which are used in subscribing wikis. This would also open up the threat of cross-wiki vandalism, which could be addressed using a delay phase of 24 hours or more for changes to take effect. Two-way functionality is another possibility, that is, to allow uploading free media directly to Commons from any wiki installation. However, this will require federated authentication as a minimum. It may also necessitate cross-wiki communication facilities to notify users from other wikis about Commons policies, which could be part of a larger project like LiquidThreads.

Véase también

 * - for the same functionality as InstantCommons but with other wikis
 * PhotoCommons: Wordpress plug-in to provide the same functionality