Manual:Short URL/de

Short URLs oder URL Rewrites verbergen die PHP Datei-Erweiterungen in der Seiten-Adresse. Nehmen Sie sich ein paar Minuten Zeit um eine stabile URL Struktur für Ihre Website auszuarbeiten bevor Sie anfangen, das veringert spätere Probleme.

Ziel
MediaWiki's Standard-Installations-Pfad is gewöhnlich in etwa so ähnlich:
 * (wenn vom Root-User installiert)
 * (wenn beim Shared Hosting-Provider installiert)

MediaWiki's standard Seiten-Adressen ähneln diesen Beispielen:
 * (aktuelle Versionen von MediaWiki, ohne CGI Unterstüzung)
 * (aktuelle Versionen von MediaWiki, mit CGI Unterstüzung)

Mit den Methoden, wie sie auf dieser Seite umrissen werden, können wir MediaWiki so konfigurieren, dass es in etwa so aussieht:
 * Das ist die am meisten verwendete Konfiguration, wie sie auch von Wikipedia verwendet wird. Aber sie ist nicht der Standard, da sie Modifikationen am Server erfordert.
 * (nicht empfehlenswert! Siehe weiter unten)
 * (nicht empfehlenswert! Siehe weiter unten)
 * (nicht empfehlenswert! Siehe weiter unten)
 * (nicht empfehlenswert! Siehe weiter unten)

Es ist nicht empfehlenswert den Seitennamen direkt an der Root des Domain-Namens anzufügen, da es Konfikte mit Dateien oder Verzeichnissen geben kann, die sich im Root-Verzeichnis befinden. Zum Beispiel: Falls Sie Ihre Bilder im /Images/ Verzeichnis gepeichert haben, können Sie in Ihrem Wiki nicht mehr auf eine Seite "Images" zugreifen.

Vor- und Nachteile

 * Vorteile: Short URLs unterdrücken alle technischen Details, was als die beste Praxis für die URL-Darstellung gilt. Unter anderem können sie konstant gehalten werden, auch wenn sich die darunter liegende Software ändern sollte. Sie sind für Besucher auch besser zu lesen, zu merken und einzugeben. Dazu sind short URLs besser als die Standard-URLs für das SEO, da sie  enthalten, was negativ für SEO ist.
 * Nachteile: erfordern eine Konfiguration, so, abhängig von der Hosting-Umgebung, die Sie benutzen könnte es schwierig werden den Urzustand wieder herzustellen.. Wie auch immer, jeder weiter verbreitete Webserver kann so konfiguriert werden kann, dass er Short URLs verwendet. Deshalb sollte in der Praxis jeder angemietete Web-Host dieses Feature unterstützen. Jeder Host, der dieses Feature nicht anbietet, ist sein Geld nicht wert.

Anleitungen
Unsere offiziellen Anleitungen der Short URL Konfiguration für unterschiedliche Web-Server. Wählen Sie die Konfiguration Ihres Web-Servers aus dieser Liste Falls Sie nicht wissen welche Server-Software Sie nutzen, dann ist es höchstwahrscheinlich Apache.



Andere How-To Mini-Anleitungen

 * These guides are old and are almost entirely bad advice. These will eventually be deleted one by one as our official guides above are created for different webservers.

Anyone is welcome to create a how-to solution page and list it below. Please use a sensible name for the page, one that fits in with the below names. When each unique solution has its own page, readers can skip complexity they do not want. Keep it simple, readable, short, with a separate page per separate solution.

To help others find out which Short URL methods really work, after trying each method please edit the page and increase the "worked" or "didn't_work" numbers for that guide and make a brief (or long, your choice) description on what went wrong by clicking the link on your number.

URL like - example.com/wiki/Page_title
Actions such as edit, view history, etc. will still have index.php unless $wgActionPaths are defined.

Root access
These methods require that you have access to the server configuration. If you are on a shared host, you most likely don't. In this case you will be required to use a method that requires "no root access". You can jump directly to the MediaWiki ShortURL Builder tool and follow the on screen instructions after clicking on "I don't have root access".

(for Apache guidance, see the link in the Guides section).

URL like - example.com/Page_title
How to create example.com/Page_title URLs:

URL like - wiki.example.com/Page_title
How to create wiki.example.com/Page_title URLs.

Ampersand (&) problem
The ampersand problem shows up when you have page titles with symbols in (such as &, ?, #, + and /) that, despite being correctly encoded in the link are not being passed correctly from mod_rewrite to the script. This manifests in 404 page-not-found errors, because the title gets cut off at the special character. For example, clicking on a link to "John & Maria's page" gets a 404, because MediaWiki is looking for a page named "John ".

This is because ampersands in long-form names are treated as query string separators, and would never reach the PHP runtime environment. This is caused by an old and problematic mod_rewrite bug.

Solutions:

This issue is caused by the  portion of rewrite rules like   which is completely unnecessary and harmful. MediaWiki parses paths directly from the REQUEST_URI so rewrite everything to /index.php.

No Skins
With Ubuntu 8.10 and MediaWiki 1.11.2 (and maybe later versions) if you use the MediaWiki sanctioned directions your skins may fail to load. To fix this, create a symbolic link in /var/www pointing to /var/lib/mediawiki with the value of $wgScriptPath in LocalSettings.php. If, for example, $wgScriptPath is set to "/w" then you need to run the command "sudo ln -s /var/lib/mediawiki /var/www/w".

Alternatively, try setting $wgLoadScript to the original file. If you source url is /wiki with the short url /w, set it to /wiki/load.php.

Purging cache
If you notice that your changes to  in LocalSettings.php are not being reflected in mysite.com/wiki/Main_Page, it may be due MediaWiki's caching of the links according to previous settings.

Go to mysite.com/wiki/Main_Page?action=purge to force MediaWiki to regenerate the cached links.

Also you can:
 * 1) execute the MySQL query "TRUNCATE objectcache;", or
 * 2) Ensure  is updated (if  is enabled all you have to do is edit LocalSettings.php to purge it)

Redirect visitor of your domain to your wiki
Our official guides for short url configuration include recommendations on how to point the root of your site to your wiki using your short url config.

For example our Apache guide recommends using this to point your site root to your wiki:

Note that we do not recommend doing a HTTP redirect to your wiki path or main page directly. As redirecting to the main page directly will hard-code variable parts of your wiki's page setup into your server config. And redirecting to the wiki path will result in two redirects. Simply rewrite the root path to MediaWiki and it will take care of the 301 redirect to the main page itself.

If using VirtualHosts, place the rewrite rules into the virtual host declaration!

Moving a wiki from /wiki to /w
A common beginner's mistake is to install MediaWiki itself (the source code, not the short url) in  instead of. Once installed they would realize the mistake when trying to configure Short URLs (which would become difficult as the virtual path then conflicts with the real path).

There is a manual for moving a wiki in general, however that is too complicated if all you need is to change the installation directory (and stay on the same server, same database and same hostname).

Here is what you have to do:


 * Backup  and any other config files you may have created (such as your  ).
 * Rename the installation directory of MediaWiki on your server from  to.
 * Set  in   to   and remove (or comment out) any definition of   (this variable will be changed again when setting up Short URLs, further on)
 * At this point your wiki should be working normally at
 * Now go through the regular guide to set up short URLs
 * Perform a few tests on your wiki to make sure nothing is broken. Edit a page, visit a few different pages, etc. If anything seems abnormal, revert the changes by restoring your backup of  and other relevant files you might have changed during configuration of short URLs and rename your folder back to.

Note for shared hosting users: Many shared hosting plans offer an application manager to automatically Install, Update and Backup applications such as MediaWiki. If your plan has this and if you want to keep using these features, you should contact their tech support and let them know you just manually changed your MediaWiki installation directory.