Help:Images/fr

Cette page explique la syntaxe des "images" lors de l'édition du wiki. Vous, ou un autre utilisateur doit habituellement téléverser une image avant que vous ne puissiez l'utiliser sur une page.

Les images stockées sur un serveur MediaWiki sont généralement accessibles en utilisant le préfixe  (l'ancien préfixe   est toujours utilisable en tant que synonyme) pour la cible d'un lien MediaWiki. Le préfixe alternatif  peut être également utilisé pour référencer le contenu originel du fichier média (pour un rendu ou un téléchargement séparé, en dehors de toute page MediaWiki).

Type d'image supporté
Les formats suivants sont supportés par défaut :


 * .jpg or .jpeg : bitmap image compressé avec le format standard JPEG (ce format avec pertes est le plus approprié pour les photographies).
 * .png : image bitmap dans le format Portable Network Graphics (spécifié par le W3 Consortium).
 * .gif : image bitmap dans le format legacy Graphics Interchange Format.

Autres formats utilisés sur Wikimedia, et généralement activés ailleurs (cela peut nécessiter des étapes d'installation supplémentaire au delà de ce qui est activé par défaut):


 * .svg : image vectorielle dans le format Scalable Vector Graphics (spécifié par le W3 Consortium). Voir Manual:Image Administration#SVG.
 * .tiff : Format tagged image. Souvent utilisé pour l'archivage de photographies haute résolution. Souvent utilisé avec.
 * .ogg, .oga, .ogv : Ogg multimedia (audio or video). Pas un format image, mais traité de la même manière. Souvent utilisé avec.
 * .pdf : documents multi-pages dans le Portable Document Format (initialement spécifié par Adobe). Souvent utilisé en conjonction avec.
 * .djvu : documents bitmap multipages dans le formatDejaVu (le plus souvent, scan de livre). Voir
 * Seule une page d'un fichier .pdf ou .djvu est affichée à la fois.

D'autres types de supports peuvent être pris en charge, mais il peut ne pas être possible de les afficher en ligne.

Syntaxe
Pour afficher une image, voici la syntaxe complète:

ou "options" peut être vide ou bien est composé des éléments suivants, séparés par le symbole tube (pipe) "|"

Contrôle la façon dont l'image affichée est formatée et incluse dans le reste de la page.
 * Option du format : un des bordure et/ou sans cadre, avec cadre, miniature;
 * Option de redimensionement : un de
 * {width}px — Redimensionne l'image pour l'adapter dans la largeur maximale donnée en pixels, sans restreindre sa hauteur;
 * x{height}px — Redimensionne l'image pour l'adapter à une hauteur maximale donnée en pixels, sans restreindre sa largeur;
 * {width}x{height}px — Redimensionner l'image pour l'adapter à une largeur et une hauteur données en pixels;
 * upright — Redimensionne une image pour l'adapter à des dimensions raisonnables, selon les préférences de l'utilisateur (adapté aux images dont la taille est supérieure à la largeur).
 * Notez que l'image conserve toujours son ratio d'aspect, et ne peut être réduite (pas augmenté) de taille sauf si elle est dans un type de support extensible (images bitmap ne peuvent pas être étendus).
 * La taille maximale par défaut dépend du  format  et des dimensions de l'image interne (en fonction de son type de support).
 * Option Horizontal alignment : pami gauche, droite, centré, aucun
 * Contrôle l'alignement horizontal (et en ligne / bloc ou styles flottants) de l'image dans un texte (pas de valeur par défaut).
 * Option Vertical alignment : parmi baseline, sub, super, top, text-top, middle, bottom, text-bottom
 * Controls the vertical alignment of a non-floating inline image with the text before or after the image, and in the same block (the default vertical alignment is middle).
 * Link option: one of
 * link={target} — Allows to change the target (to an arbitrary page title, or URL) of the generated link, activable on the rendered image surface; e.g.  renders as Example.jpg (external link), or   renders as Example.jpg (internal link).
 * link= (with an empty value) —  Displays an image without any activable link; e.g.   renders as Example.jpg.


 * ! for MW 1.24 and lower: If you set  (empty), then no   will be rendered. (See T23454.)
 * Other specific options:
 * alt={alternative text} — Defines the alternative text (maps to the HTML attribute   of the generated   element) of an image that will be rendered if either the referenced image cannot be downloaded and embedded, or if the support media must use the alternative description text (e.g. when using a Braille reader or with accessibility options set by the user in its browser).
 * page={number} — Renders the specified page number (currently only applicable when showing a .djvu or .pdf file).
 * class={html class} — (MediaWiki 1.20+) Defines classes (maps to the HTML attribute  of the generated   element).
 * lang={language code} — (MediaWiki 1.22+) For SVG files containing &lt;switch&gt; statements varying on a systemLanguage attribute, selects what language to render the file in. The default is always English, even on non-English wikis.

Si un paramètre ne correspond à aucune de ces possibilités, il est interprété comme étant le texte de la légende de l'image. La légende s'affiche en dessous de l'image pour les formats "thumb" et "frame", pour les autres c'est une infobulle. Dans le cas "thumb" ou "frame", la légende peut contenir des liens wiki ou autre marques de formatage. Des options supplémentaires peuvent êtres disponibles selon les extensions MediaWiki installées.

Si l'option "alt" n'est pas renseignée, et qu'une légende est présente, le texte alternatif (le champ alt de l'élément HTML img) sera créé automatiquement à partir de la légende, avec les marques de formatage automatiquement supprimées.

Format
The following table shows the effect of all available formats.

When the height of an image in thumbnail is bigger than its width (i.e. in portrait orientation rather than landscape) and you find it too large, you may try the option, where N is the image's aspect ratio (its width divided by its height, defaulting to 0.75). The alternative is to specify the desired maximum height (in pixels) explicitly.

Note that by writing, you can use a different image for the thumbnail.

Size and frame
Among different formats, the effect of the size parameter may be different, as shown below.


 * For how it appears when its size is not specified, see Format section above.
 * When the format is not specified, or only ed, the size can be both reduced and enlarged to any specified size.
 * In the examples below, the original size of the image is 400 × 267 pixels.
 * An image with  always ignores the size specification, the original image will be reduced if it exceeds the maximum size defined in user preferences.
 * The size of an image with  can be reduced, but can not be enlarged beyond the original size of the image.

Alignement Horizontal
Note that when using the  or   formats, the default horizontal alignment will be.

Alignement vertical
Les options de l'alignement verticales entrent seulement en vigueur si l'image  est  a rendu comme un élément de l'inline et  n'est pas  flotter. They alter the way the inlined image will be vertically aligned with the text present in the same block before and/or after this image on the same rendered row.

Note that the rendered line of text where inline images are inserted (and the lines of text rendered after the current one) may be moved down (this will increase the line-height conditionally by additional line spacing, just as it may occur with spans of text with variable font sizes, or with superscripts and subscripts) to allow the image height to be fully displayed with this alignment constraint.



To show the alignment result more clearly, the text spans are overlined and underlined, the font-size is increased to 200%, and the paragraph block is outlined with a thin border; additionally images of different sizes are aligned:

 text top: text

 text text-top: text

 text super: text

 text baseline: text

 text sub: text

 text default: text

 text middle: text

 text text-bottom: text

 text bottom: text

Notes:


 * 1) The "middle" vertical alignment position of the image (which is also the default) usually refers to the middle between the x-height and the baseline of the text (on which the vertical middle of the image will be aligned, and on which usually the text may be overstroke), but not to the middle of the line-height of the font-height that refers to the space between the "text-top" and "text-bottom" positions ; the font-height excludes:
 * 2) * the additional line separation spacing normally divided equally into two line-margins (here 0.5em, according to line-height set to 200%) above and below the font-height).
 * 3) * the additional line spacing which may be added by superscripts and subscripts.
 * 4) However, if the image height causes its top or bottom position to go above or below the normal full line-height of text, the middle position will be adjusted after the increasing the top and/or bottom line-margins so that the image can fit and align properly, and all images (including those with smaller heights) will be vertically centered on the adjusted middle position (for computing the effective line-height, the text of each rendered row with the larger font-height will be considered).
 * 5) The "text-top" and "text-bottom" alignment positions also excludes the extra line spacing added by superscripts and subscripts, but not the additional line-spacing defined by the line-height.
 * 6) The "top" and "bottom" alignment positions take into account all these extra line spacings (including superscripts and subscripts, if they are present in a rendered line span). When the image alignment constrains the image to grow above or below the normal line-spacing, and the image is not absolutely positioned, the image will cause the "top" and "bottom" positions to be adjusted (just like superscripts and subscripts), so the effective line-height between rendered lines of text will be higher.
 * 7) The "underline", "overline" and "overstrike" text-decoration positions should be somewhere within these two limits and may depend on the type and height of fonts used (the superscript and subscript styles may be taken into account in some browsers, but usually these styles are ignored and the position of these decorations may not be adjusted); so these decorations normally don't affect the vertical position of images, relatively to the text.

Stopping the text flow
On occasion it is desirable to stop text (or other inline non-floating images) from flowing around a floating image. Depending on the web browser's screen resolution and such, text flow on the right side of an image may cause a section header (for instance, == My Header == ) to appear to the right of the image, instead of below it, as a user may expect. The text flow can be stopped by placing   (or if you prefer,  ) before the text that should start below the floating image. (This may also be done without an empty line by wrapping the section with the floating images with …, which clears all floats inside the   element.)

All images rendered as blocks (including non-floating centered images, left- or right-floating images, as well as framed or thumbnailed floating images) are implicitly breaking the surrounding lines of text (terminating the current block of text before the image, and creating a new paragraph for the text after them). They will then stack vertically along their left or right alignment margin (or along the center line between these margins for centered images).

Altering the default link target
The following table shows how to alter the link target (whose default is the image description page) or how to remove it. Changing the link does not alter the format described in the previous sections.

Warning:
 * The licencing requirements on your wiki may not allow you to remove all links to the description page that displays the required authors attributions, the copyrights statements, the applicable licencing terms, or a more complete description of the rendered image (including its history of modifications).
 * If you change or remove the target link of an image, you will then have to provide somewhere else on your page an explicit link to this description page, or to display the copyright and author statement and a link to the applicable licence, if they are different from the elements applicable to the embedding page itself.
 * Your wiki policy may restrict the use of the alternate link parameter, or may even enforce a prohibition of alternate link parameters for embedded media files (in which case, the link parameter will be ignored), or may only accept them after validation by authorized users or administrators.

Gallery syntax
It's easy to make a gallery of thumbnails with the  tag. The syntax is:

Mode paramètre
Starting in 1.22 we have an experimental  parameter, taking options as follows:


 * is the original gallery type used by MediaWiki.
 * is similar to, but with no border lines.
 * causes images to have the same height but different widths, with little space between the images. The rows in this responsive mode organize themselves according to the width of the screen.
 * shows the caption overlaid on the image, in a semi-transparent white box.
 * is similar to, but with the caption and box only showing up on hover.
 * creates a slideshow, with thumbnails.

Par exemple:

Gives (mode: packed-hover):

Attribue optionnel pour la galerie
The gallery tag itself takes several additional parameters, specified as attribute name-value pairs:

Row of images that will wrap to browser width
One way that works for a row of images with varying widths is not to use "thumb" or "left" or "none". If "thumb" is not used (and thus no captions) a row of images will wrap to the browser width. If necessary, narrow the browser window to see the images wrap to the next row.





To wrap images of varying widths with captions it is necessary to use div HTML for an unordered list. Along with. For more info and ideas see: Give Floats the Flick in CSS Layouts.

      </li>  </li>  </li>  </li>  </li>  </li> </ul>

Some wiki farms do not have all gallery options (such as "widths"). Also, sometimes one wants varying widths for images in a row. Outside of a gallery, or the div HTML, it is impossible to have individual captions for images in a row of images that will wrap to the browser width. Try it and see. Nothing else using wikitext works correctly. Images will either overlap stuff on the right, or force a horizontal scroll bar.

Using a left float ("left") for some images, combined with "none" for some of the images, will not work consistently either, especially if there is also a right sidebar of images. Weird things will occur. At narrower browser or screen widths an image out of the row may appear far down the page after the end of the right sidebar of images.

Link behavior
By default an image links to its file description page. The "link=" option modifies this behavior to link to another page or website, or to turn off the image's linking behavior.

Alternatively, you can create a text link to a file description page or to the file itself. See.

Display image, link it to another page or website
Use "link=" option to link image to another page or website:

Clicking on the below image will take you to MediaWiki:





Clicking on the below image will take you to example.com:





Display image, turn off link
Use "link=" option with no value assigned to turn link off entirely; the below image is not a link:





Requisites
Before using images in your page, the system administrator of your wiki must have enabled file uploads and a user has to upload the file. System administrators may also set the wiki to accept files from foreign repositories, such as the Wikimedia Commons. For server side image resizing it is necessary to have a scaler configured (such as GD2, ImageMagick, etc.).

Files at other websites
You can link to an external file available online using the same syntax used for linking to an external web page. With these syntaxes, the image will not be rendered, but only the text of the link to this image will be displayed.



Or with a different displayed text:

link text here

Additional MediaWiki markup or HTML/CSS formatting (for inline elements) is permitted in this displayed text (with the exception of embedded links that would break the surrounding link): Example  rich   link text  here. which renders as: Example  rich   link text  here.

If it is enabled on your wiki (see ), you can also embed external images. To do that, simply insert the image's url: http://url.for/some/image.png Currently, embedded images cannot be resized, but they may be formatted by surrounding MediaWiki markup or HTML/CSS code.

If this wiki option is not enabled, the image will not be embedded but rendered as a textual link to the external site, just like above.