Manual:Upgrading/ja



ファイル転送
ファイル転送の方法を選択してください:


 * wget
 * SCP または WinSCP でセキュアなコピー
 * SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
 * FTP クライアントを使用.
 * The hosting company might provide a file manager interface via the web browser; check with your provider.
 * その他の方法. これらのプロトコルの一覧は List of file transfer protocols にあります

Preliminary
Read.


 * 1) 要件を確認する
 * 2) リリースノートを読む
 * 3) 既存のファイルとデータベースをバックアップする
 * 4) 新しいファイルを展開する
 * 5) 拡張機能をアップグレードする
 * 6) 更新スクリプトを実行してデータベースをチェックする
 * 7) アップグレードをテストする

システム要件の確認
MediaWiki の要件は以下の通りです:


 * PHP +
 * 以下のうちいずれか 1 つ:
 * MySQL + (または同等の MariaDB)
 * PostgreSQL 8.3+
 * SQLite 3.3.7+
 * Oracle 9.0.1+

PostgreSQL をお使いの場合は、 もお読みください.

詳細情報については、 および をお読みください.

リリースノートを読む
Within the distribution tarball, or within the files checked out/exported from Git, there are a number of files with capitalized filenames, one of which contains the  (wiki). これで新しく始める準備ができました. 今回のリリースでなにが変わっているのかを見てみましょう.

Clear pending jobs
For performance reasons, some actions in the database are delayed, and are managed by the job queue. Those jobs are stored in database and contain parameters with information about actions it should perform. It's strongly recommended to run those pending jobs before upgrading the wiki, to avoid them failing in case the parameter specification of those jobs change on the new version. Use to run all pending jobs and clear the queue before performing the upgrade.

既存のファイルとデータベースをバックアップする

 * Full instructions: 

While the upgrade scripts are well-maintained and robust, things could still go awry. Before proceeding to update the database schema, make a full backup of the wiki, including both the database and the files:


 * the wiki's content, from the database, (make sure you get the character set specified correctly, first check LocalSettings.php). It may be a good idea to create an XML dump in addition to the SQL database dump.
 * MySQL, both SQL dump and XML dump are for use with the  command:

mysqldump --user=wikidb_user --password=wikidb_userpassword wikidb > file.sql mysqldump --user=wikidb_user --password=wikidb_userpassword wikidb --xml > file.xml
 * PostgreSQLとdatabaseのダンプ作成には を使います. 以下のように入力してください:

pg_dump --create -Fc wikidb > file.db.dump
 * SQLite, you use a MediaWiki script for making a backup:

php wikifolder/maintenance/sqlite.php --backup-to file
 * images and other media files (the contents of the  directory, custom logo /skins/common/images/wiki.png)
 * configuration files, e.g.  and   (if present)
 * MediaWiki's program files, including all skins and extensions, especially if you modified them.

tarball パッケージの使用
You can put the new files into place using FTP or the command line. Use the command line, if you have access to it! Using the command line will be much faster than having to upload each single one of the thousands of files via FTP.

You should put the decompressed tarball in a new and empty folder on your server. If you instead extract the new version directly on top of your old version, rather than in a new directory, you should follow the instructions described in Back up existing files and the database: otherwise, if you've made any customizations you may erase them in a way that leaves you with no reference to re-apply them from. Extracting a tarball over top of your live copy of MediaWiki can also leave behind files from the old version of MediaWiki which may interfere with the upgraded code. It's recommended that you unpack the new files into a new directory, and then apply customizations to the new directory (restoring LocalSettings.php, images folder, extensions, and other customizations like custom skins)

FTP コマンドかグラフィカルか
コマンドラインからサーバへ接続できない場合、MediaWikiより.tar,gzファイルをダウンロードし、7zipで解凍することもできます.

ローカルで解凍したあとは、FTPクライアントアプリケーションでディレクトリとファイルをサーバへアップロードしてください.

コマンドライン
You may need to run the command as  if you don't have full write permissions to the wiki install directories under your current user. When untarring a tarball package normally a new directory for the new wiki version will be created and you will have to copy the old configuration files and images directory from your old installation directory:

$ cd /path/to/your/new/installation/ $ wget https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki//mediawiki-.tar.gz $ tar -xvzf mediawiki-.tar.gz $ rm mediawiki-.tar.gz

(Open)Solaris users should use gtar, or:

$ gzip -dc mediawiki-.tar.gz | tar xf -

その他のファイル
tarballを展開した後、古いバージョンをインストールしたディレクトリから新しい方へ幾つかのファイルやフォルダをコピーします.


 * 、ユーザーが行った構成設定が入っているファイルです.
 * ディレクトリ（古いバージョンの場合は ディレクトリ）. 初期設定では、ウィキにアップロードした全てのファイルが入っています. 所有権と権限を変更してください. と （ウェブユーザーが"apache"の場合）を実行します.
 * ディレクトリ内の拡張機能. 出来れば拡張機能も新しいバージョンを取得すべきです. 古い拡張機能が新しいバージョンのMediaWikiで動く保証はありません.
 * custom logoを使用している場合は、バックアップからファイルを復元する必要があります. 1.24以前は 、1.24以降は か （ユーザーの設定による）. それからLocalSettings.php に例えば を追加します.
 * ディレクトリからカスタム・スキン.
 * 古いバージョンでインストールしたファイルや拡張機能に加えた修正.
 * .htaccess ファイル（Apacheを使用し、何かルールを定義した場合）

完了したら、新しいフォルダをウェブサーバーの公開フォルダにします. もしくは古いインストールディレクトリの名前を変更して、新しい方を古い方の名前に変更します.

Git の使用
Gitを使用する場合、ファイルを全く新しい場所にエキスポートしてから、カスタマイズ済みのファイルを新しい場所に前述のようにコピーします.

MediaWiki 1.25以降を使用している場合、Composerで使用している外部のPHPライブラリやWikimedia wiki farmを維持管理するために提供されているコレクションもインストールする必要があるでしょう. インストールや外部ライブラリのアップデートの詳細はGit ダウンロード・ドキュメントで見つけることが出来ます.

パッチの使用
A small patch file is usually made available for a minor version upgrade. Manually download and extract the patch file from the dumps site or follow the directions with wget below. Patches are incremental, you can not  skip a version.


 * 1) MediaWikiディレクトリへ cd で移ってください. (一般的にLocalSettings.phpがある場所となります. )
 * 2) バッチファイルをダウンロードし、 gunzip で解凍してください.
 * 3)  を使い、check what will be changed (e.g.,  )
 * 4) 以上がよろしければ、 無しで patch を実行してください.
 * 「特別:バージョン情報」を確認すると、新しいバージョン番号になっているはずです.

エラーを引き起こす可能性がある残留ファイル
古いバージョンをインストールしたディレクトリに新しいバージョンを解凍した場合、幾つかの古いファイルが問題を引き起こすかもしれません.

プロファイリングを使用しないのに、MediaWikiのルートフォルダに ファイルがある場合、 の参照エラーが表示されるかもしれません. Deleting, or renaming, the  file will resolve this error. The  file, also in the MediaWiki root folder, can serve as a template should you enable profiling in the future.

MediaWiki 1.23 deprecates the skin autodiscovery mechanism of core skin files. After upgrading to this version, you should ensure that the old files,  ,   and   directly in the   directory as well as the according subfolders inside the   directory got removed. MediaWiki will log warnings if any of them are still found to help you remember. (You will also need to adjust any custom skins to follow a similar convention.) See for details.

MediaWiki 1.24 changes the paths of core skin files. After upgrading to this version, you should ensure that the old files,  ,   and   directly in the   directory are no longer present. See for details.

拡張機能のアップグレード
Certain extensions have been updated in order to work with the new version of MediaWiki. Be sure to upgrade to the latest versions of such extensions. You might need to perform manual updates to custom extensions.

Different tarballs include some subsets of extensions and have versioning which helps you upgrade choosing the right one for your MediaWiki core release.

Extension Distributor works well for most people who want a snapshot of extensions that will work with their supported versions of MediaWiki.

If you want a lot of extensions then downloading from Git is probably best.

今までのLocalSettings.phpの適用
今まで使用してきた古いバージョンの を使う場合、新しいバージョンが を使用できるように を修正する必要があるかもしれません.

外装の登録
MediaWiki 1.24から VectorやMonobookやModernやCologneBlueのような同梱されたスキンはMediaWiki のコアの一部ではなくなりました. それらを使用するためには に明示的に設定する必要があります. もしそうしないとMediaWiki はスキンがインストールされていないと警告します.

以下の設定は、1.24より前のバージョンからアップグレードして、以前同梱されていたスキンの1つを使用したい場合に に追加する必要があるものです.

このコードはMediaWiki 1.25より適用されました. MediaWiki 1.24を使用する場合、以下のコードを実行してください:

他のスキンは新しいskin registrationシステムに未だ適用されていないと思われるので、問題が生じた場合は、スキンごとに適切な登録方法をドキュメント・ページで参照してください.

拡張機能の登録
MediaWiki 1.25より、新しい 拡張機能の適用 システムが使われています.

以前は $LocalSettings.php で以下のようにインクルードしていたと思われます:

1.25より、以下のように置き換わります:

Extensions are being adapted to use the new extension registration system. Extensions that are not adapted should use the old way of installing them. Refer to the installation instructions on the extension's page for more information.

その他の変数
幾つかの変数は旧式になり、廃止された物もあります. の中にそれらの変数があっても、何の効果もありません. 新しいバージョンでは新しい変数が追加されたり、既存の変数の型が変更になっている事があります. MediaWikiは変数をまずデフォルトで使用してみて、型が変わっている場合は、後方互換性で使用します. どのような場合でも、リリースノートより変更点を見てください.

更新スクリプトの実行
MediaWiki データベースの更新には２つの方法があります. １つはコマンドラインから行うもの、１つはウェブブラウザから行うものです. もしサーバーにシェルアクセスが出来るなら、コマンドラインによる更新をお勧めします. その理由はタイムアウトやコネクション・リセットによる更新処理の中断のリスクを減らすことが出来るからです.

スクリプトはMediaWikiが必要とする依存ファイルが見つからない場合はダウンロードを試みます.

コマンドライン
Access the command line of your server or an SSH shell or similar. You can access the command line by connecting to your server via SSH. If the local PC you are working on runs Microsoft Windows, you will need a tool like PuTTY to use SSH. From the command line or the Shell, change to the  directory and execute the update script:

$ php update.php On a Linux server if you get an error try performing the same command as root ( sudo php maintenance/update.php ). Note for simple installations on Windows (e.g. with ): First make sure that your web server (such as Apache) and your database (such as MySQL) are running. Then run update.php: right-click it, select Open With, and browse to PHP.exe. The resulting command prompt window will likely autoclose when the schema upgrade completes.

You might see a message that your PHP version is too old and that MediaWiki needs a newer version. After that message the update aborts. Reason for this error is that the command line can use another PHP version than that one which you have when you execute MediaWiki from the web server. When you get this message you should check, if you can execute a newer PHP version on the shell by using a different command: That might e.g. be php5 or php56. If another version is available and - if so - under which name, depends on the setup of your server. If it does not work, ask your hoster; he will surely know.

MediaWiki will inspect the existing schema and update it to work with the new code, adding tables and columns as needed.

What to do in case of "ALTER command denied to user" error (or similar)
In case the scripts abort with a message similar to:

Error: 1142 ALTER command denied to user 'wiki'@'localhost' for table 'mytable' (localhost) ERROR: must be the owner of the mytable relation

This means that you should check that you have defined and  in your  file (in the main directory). These are the user and password needed by this script in order to access to the database.

What to do in case of "unexpected T_STRING" error
Individuals running update.php from the command line may encounter the following error:

 syntax error, unexpected T_STRING, expecting T_OLD_FUNCTION or T_FUNCTION or T_VAR or '}' \ in ~/maintenance/commandLine.inc on line 13

This error occurs when update.php is run from php4.

Individuals who have their site hosted by providers who provide both php4 and php5 should take the following steps:


 * 1) from the command line, enter the command 'whereis php5'
 * 2) once you have discerned the location of the php5 path, list the contents of php5/bin directory
 * 3) once you've determined the name of the php executable (either php or php5), type in the entire path to execute update.php

以下に例を示します:

 $ whereis php5 $ ls -la /usr/local/php5/bin $ /usr/local/php5/bin/php update.php

What to do in case of 'register_argc_argv is set to false' error
以下のようなエラーが出力されると思われます:  Cannot get command line arguments, register_argc_argv is set to false


 * 1) ~/maintenance に行き、既存の'php.ini'を編集するか、作成してください.
 * 2) 以下のように行を追加します:

 register_argc_argv=true


 * 1) php update.php をもう一度実行します

Web ブラウザー

 *  も参照してください

If your database is already big and in high production usage, then you should not be using the Web updater, e.g. because the update process will time out when the maximum_execution_time is reached. In that case you should use update.php from the command-line interface (not from the web). What exactly is "too big" depends on your server (e.g. on its performance, the load and on how long the maximum execution time of PHP allows the script to run). If your wiki is too big for the web updater and your hosting provider does not allow command-line access, then you need to migrate your wiki to another hosting account, preferably to one that does have shell access.


 * 1) Always backup before performing database maintenance.
 * 2) Navigate your webbrowser to  . For example, if your wiki is at , then navigate to.
 * 3) Select your language and click continue.
 * 4) The existing installation should be detected. Follow the instructions on the screen to upgrade it. If asked for the "upgrade key", open your  file and look for the key assigned to.

It might happen that the web-updater does not seem to work: Instead of seeing the initial language selection screen, you might see an empty wiki page, possibly with some error message. In this case it is most likely that your webserver uses Rewrite Rules (most likely for short URLs), which do not show you the updater at mw-config/, but a wiki page at Mw-config/, with capital "M". In this case, rename the .htaccess file for the time of the update. Then you should be able to access the web-updater.

更新のテスト
アップグレードが完了したら、ウェブブラウザでwikiを見て、以下の操作が期待通りに出来るか確認しましょう.
 * 複数のページの閲覧
 * 複数のページの編集
 * ファイルを１つアップロード
 * Special:Versionを開いて、表示されるバージョンが正しいか、拡張機能があるかを確認します.

よくある質問


アップロードはどのくらい大変ですか?
If the only file you have modified is, and you are upgrading from 1.5 or later, the process is very simple. The amount of human work involved is only a few minutes. The database schema changes will take an amount of time proportional to the size of your database — potentially hours for wikis with millions of pages, but for a more typical size of a few thousand pages, it is usually done in seconds.

Minor upgrades, within the same major version, say from 1.13.0 to 1.13.1, do not require any schema changes at all. You can just update the files. The database needs no update, hence it is not necessary to run the installer script.

Upgrading from 1.4 or earlier is potentially complicated because support for character sets other than UTF-8 was dropped, and the schema for storing bulk text changed. Please read the relevant section in the  file.

Upgrading becomes difficult if you have modified our source code, and you don't want your changes to be overwritten. Tools such as diff, patch, Meld or WinMerge may be useful. There is also potential for trouble if you are using unmaintained extensions. Upgrade your extensions at the same time as you upgrade MediaWiki.

If you have modified the skin or use a custom skin you very likely will have to adjust it to work again with the new version of MediaWiki.
 * Instead of patching your "global" css and js (javascript) files everytime you can simply add the code to your MediaWiki:Common.js and MediaWiki:Common.css pages. As these are part of the database which will be reused when you upgrade, you will not have to patch the MediaWiki core files any more.

How do I upgrade from a really old version? In one step, or in several steps?
It depends: If you are upgrading from MediaWiki 1.4 or older, you should upgrade to MediaWiki 1.5 first. If you are upgrading from a Latin-1 wiki, use upgrade1_5.php (found in MediaWiki 1.5) to convert the relevant parts of the database to UTF-8 ( needs to be set to true in your for this to work). Next, run update.php, and then set the option in LocalSettings.php to the encoding previously used by the wiki (e.g. windows-1252). This is basically how Wikipedia and other Wikimedia Foundation sites were upgraded from MediaWiki 1.4 to 1.5 – see the relevant settings file (warning: huge page!) and some related notes at Wikitech. You may need to upgrade to MediaWiki 1.4 before running the upgrade1.5 script. If you want to make a database dump (e.g. MySQL) of your Latin-1 wiki, make sure the type of the  field in the  table is , not  , to avoid character encoding issues.

もし今使用しているバージョンがMediaWiki 1.5 以上なら、1ステップで最新の安定版へアップグレードできます. The vast majority of reports, as well as automated testing, indicate that doing it in one step works just fine. If you have trouble believing this, このメーリングリストを読んで下さい. However, please note that when you update from old versions, chances that you will encounter PHP errors are bigger than when you upgrade from the version directly previous to the new version. You would have received these errors anyway, also if you had not skipped versions, but if you had each time done each single update. Only will you - when you skipped versions - get them all at the same time. この場合、アップグレードが更に難しくなるでしょうが、 but do not forget that you did not have the trouble updating to the intermediate versions, which you skipped!

バックアップは第一にするべきですか?
簡潔な回答: はい.

Long answer: It depends on a) how much you value your data, b) how hard it is to create a backup and c) how confident you are with MySQL maintenance and administration.

An upgrade failure may leave your database in an inconsistent state, in between two versions. A PHP or MySQL error might happen during upgrade leaving your database partly upgraded. In such situations it may be possible to somehow fix this problem with much manual work. However, it will be way easier to just put a database backup from before running update.php in place and to continue with that. Otherwise you might have hours of - needless - work.

Recovery is often complex. Volunteers on the support forums are unlikely to be impressed if you neglect to make a backup and then need help to recover from upgrade-related corruption. A better outcome is if you can revert to your backup, and then report the bug against the corresponding MediaWiki project in the upgrade process which caused the corruption.

Can I keep my LocalSettings.php?
Yes, but you may have to make some minor changes. The format of is largely backwards compatible. Changes which break LocalSettings.php compatibility will be documented in the "configuration changes" section of the release notes.

Can my wiki stay online while it is upgrading?
Generally yes, however Git may temporarily (for a few seconds) break it.

If you are upgrading between minor releases of MediaWiki, all you need to do is update the source files.

Note: the following assumes you have command line access. If you are upgrading between major releases of MediaWiki, the preferred procedure is as follows:
 * 1) Unpack the new version of MediaWiki into a new directory
 * 2) Prepare that new directory: copy your current LocalSettings.php from the old directory, copy any installed extensions and custom skins (if any). Check  setting in LocalSettings.php and if necessary copy logo file from the old directory to the new directory.
 * 3) In the release notes for the new version, see if any changes need to be made to LocalSettings.php.
 * 4) Place the database in read-only mode by inserting the following variable into LocalSettings.php in the old directory - users will see this message if they attempt an edit during the upgrade process:
 * 5) Run the update script or the web updater in the new directory.
 * 6) Copy the images from the images sub-directory from the old directory to the new directory.
 * 7) Swap the old directory and the new directory.

アップグレードする理由

 * ''Subscribe to mediawiki-announce to be notified of new releases.

Because it's usually easy enough, a single step from your version to latest and also via web.

Recent releases receive security fixes to keep your wiki and your host safe from vandals, while old releases don't (see ). That makes dozens good reasons to upgrade!

New major releases come with new features, which you might want to use: see the release notes for details. In case you need additional arguments to convince your bosses to let you upgrade from a pretty old version, here is a summary:


 * Since 1.5, edits can be previewed before saving also as diff.
 * Since 1.9, an undo button is available.
 * Since 1.12, patrolling on Special:NewPages is much easier.
 * Since 1.13, you can rename (move) files.
 * Since 1.14, you can fix double redirects automatically.
 * Since 1.16, is available.
 * If you have appropriate caching, since 1.17 optimizes pageload speeds a lot.
 * Since 1.17, category sorting makes sense! (especially for non-English letters); extended to 68 languages after 1.21.
 * Since 1.18 and 1.19, users of all languages and genders are correctly addressed by the interface and logs (before 1.15, no gender at all).
 * In 1.19 the skinning system was reworked making it easier to reuse parts of existing skins in your own skins.
 * Since 1.20, diffs are more readable.
 * In 1.21 and 1.23, email notifications become clearer and more predictable, making your wiki more effective.
 * Since 1.22, vandal fighting (patrolling) is less time-consuming.

See also the list of the most voted fixed issues on up to 2014.

Also, in MediaWiki 1.18 we started bundling some vital extensions, like a better editor and anti-vandalism tools ConfirmEdit and Nuke; more have been added in later releases. 

関連項目

 * Greg Sabino Mullane's Blog post provides some more detail about point release upgrades.
 * Project:Support desk if you need help or something went wrong
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