How to become a MediaWiki hacker/bg

Тази статия е написана с цел да помогне на разработчиците да придобият основните умения, нужни за допринасяне към развитието на МедияУики.

The main path to get started with Wikimedia development is to contribute to Wikimedia projects that offer mentoring. An alternative without mentoring is to fix a good first bug.

Ако сте опитен разработчик, който вече е запознат с употребата на МедияУики, вместо това по-добре посетете .

За други начини как да се включите в Wikimedia общността, вижте 

Преглед
МедияУики е софтуера зад Уикипедия, сродните й проекти и хиляди уикита по света.

Most of MediaWiki and extensions are written in the PHP programming language. JavaScript is used for providing interactive interface elements along with jQuery and Vue.js as client JavaScript libraries.

Some supporting tools are written in other languages, including batch files, shell scripts, makefiles and Python.

MediaWiki is primarily written for the LAMP platform and runs on most operating systems. MediaWiki primarily uses the MySQL or MariaDB database servers.

Development happens in an open source style, is largely coordinated online, and supported by the Wikimedia Foundation, though volunteer community developers play a huge part as well.

The main developer list is wikitech-l. The main developer IRC channels are and. Follow this tutorial to set up Git and Gerrit in order to submit patches.
 * Development discussion happens on, , and IRC channels.
 * Source code is stored on and managed using the Git revision control system and can be viewed here
 * Code review is performed on and can be viewed here.
 * Bug reports and feature requests are filed, and projects are coordinated on and can be viewed here

Find or create a task
Before you ever develop a feature or fix a bug in a MediaWiki project, it is important that you do your research about it. This includes:


 * 1) Search Phabricator if an open or closed Task (Document Types field) already exists. If it doesn't, create one. If this is a very small change, don't create one.
 * 2) Find and investigate the code that needs to be changed to implement the feature. Comment your findings on the Phabricator Task if they might be helpful to others who implement it or review your changes.
 * 3) Determine if you can likely add the feature or fix the bug based the code you investigated and the changes needed. If the task is large or complex, you should find something easier and work your way up to eventually be able to handle tasks of that size. If you believe you can complete it, assign yourself to the Task and begin working on it.

Set up your development environment
Once you have found something you can work on, the next step to developing MediaWiki or an extension is creating an environment to run MediaWiki, its database, and any other external features so that you can develop and test them.

You can install and develop MediaWiki on Linux, Windows, or macOS using any of the three solutions below.

Docker

 * MediaWiki Docker – Run MediaWiki using Docker.

Docker is a good option if you want to setup a MediaWiki installation quickly and are not planning on installing many extensions.

You can also try the experimental mwcli tool which sets up Docker with a few simple commands and provides basic orchestration functionality between MediaWiki, MySQL, ElasticSearch, Memcache, and other types of containers.

Виртуална машина с Vagrant

 * MediaWiki Vagrant – Run MediaWiki on a Linux virtual machine using Vagrant.

Vagrant allows you start a MediaWiki instance you can develop as well as allowing you to add and develop any of 250+ extensions - all with a single command.

This saves you installation and configuration time compared to manually adding extensions in a Docker or local installation, but it runs a bit slower than the other two options.



Ръчно инсталиране
MediaWiki can be developed by installing it and its dependencies locally on your system.

It will take much more time to set up than Docker or Vagrant.


 * 1)  — Check hardware requirements and install dependencies
 * 2)  — Изтеглете последния изходен код от Git.
 * 3)  — Продължете с инсталирането и първоначалната конфигурация.
 * 4) * Настройте  различни режими за отстраняване на грешки във вашата среда, за да показва рано предупреждения и грешки.

Open a code editor
The two recommended code editors for editing MediaWiki are VSCode and PhpStorm. VSCode is free and PhpStorm is paid, however, you can acquire a PhpStorm license for free if you are a student by linking your GitHub Education account to your JetBrains account, or by requesting a license granted to Wikimedia.

To determine which editor you should use, know that all-around, PhpStorm has more and more-powerful features than VSCode, however, you may not want to become "tied" to it and instead it may be beneficial to learn and expose yourself to the ever-growing ecosystem of VSCode and its extensions. Additionally, PhpStorm takes significantly longer to load on start than VSCode as it builds an index of the entire repository whereas VSCode progressively loads. Therefore, VSCode is typically useful for file-viewing sessions or small changes and PhpStorm for larger changes. It makes sense to have both installed for these reasons.

To develop the MediaWiki codebase that is inside a Docker container you can establish a remote connection to it and open the MediaWiki folder inside it using VSCode or PhpStorm.

Change and test the code
Change the code and view your changes by reloading your MediaWiki browser tab. Make sure to follow. Write and run tests on your code to make sure it works and is formatted properly.

Note, you can save time by ensuring your changes will be accepted before taking the time to write tests. Create a patch without needed tests and ask for someone to review it stating that you will add tests after they review it.

Create a patch
Finally, to submit your code to be reviewed and added to the repository you are contributing to, follow.

PHP
МедияУики е написан на PHP, така че ще трябва да се запознаете с PHP, за да се справите с основния код на МедияУики.


 * Научете PHP
 * Ръководство за PHP — Достъпно на много езици. Ако нямате познания за PHP, но знаете как да програмирате на други обектно-ориентирани езици за програмиране, PHP ще бъде лесен за научаване за вас.
 * PHP Programming at Wikibooks.
 * PHP at Wikiversity.


 * Ресурси за PHP:
 * Ръководство за PHP — Достъпно на много и различни езици.
 * Конвенции за кодиране в PHP сред общността на МедияУики.


 * Неща, които трябва да знаете:
 * The script  in MediaWiki provides a basic PHP interpreter with MediaWiki objects and classes loaded.
 * Also, the script  in MediaWiki is a replacement of   based on PsySH, see

База данни
Many features require some amount of database manipulation, so you'll often need to be familiar with MySQL/MariaDB.


 * Научете MySQL/MariaDB
 * Ръководство за MySQL — From the MySQL reference manual.
 * MySQL at Wikibooks.


 * Ресурси за MySQL/MariaDB
 * MySQL Reference Manuals — Достъпно на много други езици.
 * База данни на MariaDB
 * Database coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.


 * Неща, които трябва да знаете:
 * Тествайте кода си с MySQL/MariaDB.
 * MediaWiki currently uses MySQL and MariaDB as the primary database back-end. It also supports other DBMSes, such as PostgreSQL and SQLite. However, almost all developers use MySQL/MariaDB and don't test other DBs, which consequently break on a regular basis. You're therefore advised to use MySQL/MariaDB when testing patches, unless you're specifically trying to improve support for another DB. In the latter case, make sure you're careful not to break MySQL/MariaDB (or write queries that are horribly inefficient in it), since MySQL/MariaDB is what everybody else uses.



JavaScript и CSS
JavaScript and CSS have become omnipresent in front-end code. You don't have to be familiar with JavaScript, jQuery and CSS to work on MediaWiki, but you might need to, depending on what you choose to work on.


 * Научете JavaScript и CSS
 * JavaScript and CSS at Wikibooks.
 * Първи стъпки с jQuery — Ръководство за jQuery.
 * Learning JavaScript — references and sources.


 * Ресурси за JavaScript и CSS
 * JavaScript coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.
 * CSS coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.

MediaWiki
The MediaWiki code base is large and some parts are ugly; don't be overwhelmed by it. When you're first starting off, aim to write features or fix bugs which only touch a small region of code.


 * MediaWiki basics and must-reads :
 *  — A high-level overview of the main components of MediaWiki and how they work with each other.
 *  — An overview of why and how to write secure code.


 * Ресурси за МедияУики:
 * — Списък на важни файлове и препратки към по-подробна информация.
 * — A list of hooks. If you're trying to find what part of the codebase does something, often a good place to start is by searching for the related hooks.
 * — An overview of general coding conventions within the MediaWiki community.


 * Документация на кода ( class reference ) — Automatically generated documentation from the code and code comments.
 * — A guide to debugging MediaWiki.
 * — A tool to interact with MediaWiki objects live.



Разширения на МедияУики
Ако решите да работите върху код за разширения на МедияУики, следните препратки предоставят повече информация.


 * Основи на разширенията на МедияУики:
 * Разработване на разширения — Как да напишете разширение за МедияУики.
 * Extension writing tutorial


 * Ресурси за разширения за МедияУики:
 * Best practices for extensions
 * A brief introduction to MediaWiki extension development — A video presentation about how to create a MediaWiki extension (slides).
 * Making a MediaWiki extension — Covers how to develop an extension for MediaWiki, best practices, and how to engage the MediaWiki community. От февруари 2011 г.
 * Help for extension developers on the Developer Hub

MediaWiki skins
is helpful if you choose to work on MediaWiki skins.



Вижте също

 * Search for code across repositories
 * – When you've thoroughly read the information in this article, it's time to move on to the information in the developer hub.