Manual:Restoring a wiki from backup/ru

Следует регулярно создавать резервные копии своей вики, даже если вам никогда не понадобится ее восстанавливать: резервные копии обеспечивают душевное спокойствие. Однако резервная копия бесполезна, если вы не можете восстановить, и практика восстановления резервной копии предотвращает последующие страдания. Отсюда и эти инструкции.



Версии и обновления
Инструкции на этой странице должны применяться более или менее равномерно к любой существующей версии MediaWiki. You can restore the database to a more recent version of MediaWiki, but be sure to run the update script. Restoring a database backup of a newer version into an older version of the software is not supported.

File transfer
Unless you have direct access to the server hosting the wiki, (and even then) you will have to choose a method for transferring files:


 * Secure copy with putty or WinSCP
 * SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
 * Using a FTP client.
 * The hosting company might provide a file manager interface via the web browser, check with your provider.
 * Some other method, there is a list of these at List of file transfer protocols

Overview

 * 1) Re-create the database, user and permissions
 * 2) Import the database backup
 * 3) Import the MediaWiki files
 * 4) Check the configuration file
 * 5) Test

Re-create the database, user and permissions
On the server on which you are restoring MediaWiki, ensure you have


 * 1) a correctly-working instance of MySQL
 * 2) a MySQL user with appropriate permissions, if you can't use MySQL user root

If you are restoring from backup due to database corruption, consider reinstalling MySQL! Once MySQL is working properly, create a new MySQL database and grant your user account permissions on the database listed below. You may need to consult the MySQL documentation, your hosting provider's control panel documentation, or the documentation of any other utilities you are using for information on how to do this. From the MySQL prompt as MySQL user root you can:

CREATE DATABASE wikidb; CREATE USER wikidb_user IDENTIFIED BY &#39;wikidb_userpassword&#39;; USE wikidb; GRANT SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE, ALTER, CREATE, INDEX, DROP, LOCK TABLES, USAGE ON wikidb.* TO wikidb_user;

Import the database backup
Next, import your database backup. This will create the tables in the database and populate them with data. Importing takes a variable amount of time, depending upon the number of pages, users, edits, etc. in your wiki.

From the command line using
If a database exists and you want to entirely replace it from the backup. To destroy the database:

mysqladmin -u wikidb_user -p drop wikidb

Substituting as appropriate for  and. The  parameter will prompt you for the password.

Then to create a new database:

mysqladmin -u wikidb_user -p create wikidb

For example after backing up with mysqldump: mysqldump --default-character-set=binary --user=wikidb_user --password=wikidb_userpassword wikidb > dump_of_wikidb.sql
 * 1) Don't do this now: This is how you might have created a backup earlier.
 * 1) The wikidatabase wikidb from which you backed up may have a different name
 * 2) than the wikidatabase wikidb you've created above. Of course wikidb_user and
 * 3) wikidb_userpassword may be different as well.

Make sure to specify the correct character set or the restore may fail, check  to find out which character set it is.

To import  from the command line you simply do:

mysql -u wikidb_user -p wikidb < dump_of_wikidb.sql

and afterwards if required do:

php wikifolder/maintenance/update.php
 * 1) Most people name their wikifolder simply "w", making this pathname
 * 2) something like "htdocs/w/maintenance/update.php"

See also Executing SQL Statements from a Text File

With the browser for phpMyAdmin
Open the browser to your phpMyAdmin, login, choose the wiki database. (Check LocalSettings.php if you're not sure). Select Structure, localhost, Your_Table. Select CheckAll. From the drop down select Drop, then Ok to wipe the old table. Click on Import, select Browse, pick your SQL file and import it. Press Go. Remember to also restore file system components of the wiki that might be required, eg. images, logo, and extensions, (see above under mysql).

Depending on timeout settings and the size of the SQL file, it may take multiple attempts to import everything. Failure to complete the import may leave the database in an inconsistent state, e.g. with missing revisions.

From an XML dump
Main article: 

To import an XML dump into a wiki, use the command-line tool. Do:

php wikifolder/maintenance/importDump.php --dbpass wikidb_userpassword --quiet --wiki wikidb path-to-dumpfile/dumpfile.xml php wikifolder/maintenance/rebuildrecentchanges.php

Substitute,   and   as appropriate.

Afterwards use to import the images: php wikifolder/maintenance/importImages.php wikifolder_backup/images

Import the MediaWiki files
Next, restore your backup of the MediaWiki filesystem: this is the final "large" step in the restore process.

If you followed the backup manual instructions, and backed up the entire directory, this will include the images and extensions directories, plus custom skins, etc. and the configuration file.
 * If you backed up only portions of the directory, e.g. images, extensions, etc. then you will need to first upload/copy a fresh install of the MediaWiki files, then transfer the backed-up directories and files into the correct locations in the new filesystem.

To wipe and restore the wiki file system
Remember to also restore the file system components of the wiki that might be required, eg. images, logo, and extensions. Especially to edit  to check everything is correct. A sequence of Linux commands to wipe and restore the wiki file system could look like this:

wget http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/ /mediawiki-.tar.gz tar -xvzf mediawiki-.tar.gz rm mediawiki-.tar.gz rm -fR wikifolder/ mv mediawiki- wikifolder rm -fR wikifolder/extensions/ cp -R wikifolder_backup/extensions wikifolder/extensions

Open the wiki from the browser and click on the Set up the wiki first link. See for details. If needed, you can run the command-line installer. After this is done edit  to suit the fresh install, restoring lines for extensions, etc. Restore from backup any other files, such as a custom logo and favicon to the correct paths.

If you've not installed as a root Linux/Unix user and the images and thumbnails don't work, you'll need to fix the owner or permissions recursively on the folder that has the uploaded images, usually in wikifolder/images.

Check the configuration file
The final task involves verification of, and possibly modifying, the  file. Check the following configuration options:
 * If you are restoring onto the same server from which you backed up, you probably need not change anything.
 * If you are restoring onto a new server (i.e., if you are moving or duplicating the MediaWiki), certain entries will almost undoubtedly require changing, and you may need to change the database connection information as well.

You might also need to check the paths to diff3, ImageMagick, etc.

Test
At this point, attempt to access the wiki on the new server and use it. Log in as a sysop and a regular user and check that viewing, creating and editing pages and uploading files still works. You will need to fix any problems reported either by PHP or MediaWiki itself.

Frequent problems
After your move you might see PHP warnings stating that certain files could not be accessed. This is most likely caused by T37472: The column md_deps in the module-deps table contains absolute file paths, which are used to locate the images and LESS files that CSS depends on. These paths will break when the wiki is e.g. moved to another folder or to another server.

Until this bug is solved, you can use this workaround to manually fix wrong entries in the module_deps table: This can be used to update wrong path segments and to fix the error.



См. также

 * (if you don't have a successful backup)
 * Script: Fullsiterestore
 * (if you don't have a successful backup)
 * Script: Fullsiterestore
 * Script: Fullsiterestore
 * Script: Fullsiterestore