Extension:Cargo/Storing data

The creation of data structures, and storage of data, is done in Cargo exclusively via templates.

Any template that makes use of Cargo needs to contain calls to the parser functions   and  ; or, more rarely, calls to   and  .

  defines the fields for a table of data,   stores data within that table, and   specifies that a template stores its data to a table that has been defined elsewhere.

Declaring a table
A template that stores data in a table needs to also either declare that table, or "attach" itself to a table that is declared elsewhere.

Since there is usually one table per template and vice versa, most templates that make use of Cargo will declare their own table.

Declaring is done via the parser function  .

This function is called with the following syntax:

Neither the table name nor field names can contain spaces or dashes; instead, you can use underscores, CamelCase, etc. Underscores cannot be used at the beginning or end of table and field names.

The field description must start with the type of the field, and in many cases it will simply be the type. The following types are predefined in Cargo:

Any other type specified will be treated as type "String". Fields of types that are unindexed are significantly slower to query on or join on.

A field can also hold a list of any such type. To define such a list, the type value needs to look like "List (delimiter) of type". For example, to have a field called "Authors" that holds a list of string values separated by commas, you would have the following parameter in the #cargo_declare call:

|Authors=List of String

Field parameters
The description string can also have additional parameters; these all are enclosed within parentheses after the type identifier, and separated by semicolons. The current allowed parameters are:


 * For example, to define a field called "Color" that has three allowed values, you could have the following declaration:

|Color=String (size=10;allowed values=Red,Blue,Yellow)


 * Meanwhile, to define a field called "Main ingredient" that is a hierarchy, you could have the following declaration:


 * Main_ingredient = String (hierarchy;allowed values=*Fruits
 * Mangoes
 * Apples
 * Vegetables
 * Root vegetables
 * Carrots
 * Turnips
 * Peppers)

Other <tvar|1>#cargo_declare</> parameters
Other than the table's name and fields, the following parameters can also be added to #cargo_declare:
 * - for setting one or more other Cargo tables as the "parent tables" of this table. This is used within Special:Drilldown, to let the user filter on fields from additional Cargo tables that are tied in some way to this one. It takes the following syntax:
 * _parentTables= tableName1(_localField=localFieldName, _remoteField=remoteFieldName, _alias=tableAlias); tableName2(...); ...
 * Here, 'tableName1' is the name of the table you want to declare as the parent table. '_localField' and '_remoteField' specify the fields in the two tables that need to be joined on (the default values for both are "_pageName"). If '_alias' is defined, then that will be displayed in the drilldown instead of the parent table's name.


 * Example: This drilldown display shows additional drilldown fields from a parent table, "Items" (listed as "Item) (template here)


 * - for setting custom drilldown tabs in Special:Drilldown page. It can be declared like this:
 * _drilldownTabs= Tab1(format=list;delimiter=\;;fields=A,B,C), Tab2(format=table; fields=A,C,D)
 * where 'Tab1' is the display name of the tab, 'format' parameter takes the desired format name and after that you can add all the parameters needed for that format and then 'fields' holds the set of fields to be displayed.


 * Example: This drilldown display also shows custom tabs (template here)


 * 1) cargo_declare also displays a link to the Special:CargoTables page for viewing the contents of this database table.

Attaching to a table
In some cases, you may want more than one template to store their data to the same Cargo table. In that case, only one of the templates should declare the table, while the others should simply "attach" themselves to that table, using the parser function.

This function is called with the following syntax:

Every template can have up to 1 declaration and up to 1 attach. In order for a table create or recreate to automatically populate a page's data, that page needs to transclude one or more templates that either attach or declare that table. If you do not have such a template transcluded, the data will be repopulated into the table on page edit (or blank edit). Using #cargo_attach also provides a link to the "Recreate data" action for that template.

Storing data in a table
A template that declares a table or attaches itself to one should also store data in that table. This is done with the parser function. Unlike  and , which apply to the template page itself and thus should go into the template's &lt;noinclude&gt; section,   applies to each page that calls that template, and thus should go into the template's &lt;includeonly&gt; section.

This function is called with the following syntax:

The field names must match those in the  call elsewhere in the template.

The values will usually, but not always, be template parameters; but in theory they could hold anything.

Storing a recurring event
Special handling exists for storing recurring events, which are events that happen regularly, like birthdays or weekly meetings. For these, the parser function  exists. It takes in a set of parameters for a recurring event (representing the start date, frequency etc.), and simply prints out a string holding a list of the dates for that event. It is meant to be called within  (for a field defined as holding a list of dates), and   will then store the data appropriately. is called with the following syntax:

Of these parameters, only "start=" and "unit=" are required.

By default, if no end date is set, or if the end date is too far in the future,  stores 50 instances of the event. To change this, you can add a setting for  in LocalSettings.php, under the inclusion of Cargo. For instance, to set the number to 100, you would add the following:

If working with recurring events, declare the type of the field of the field to be.

Example
You can see two templates that make use of #cargo_declare and #cargo_store here and here.

Creating or recreating a table
No data is actually generated or modified when a template page containing a #cargo_declare call is saved. Instead, the data must be created or recreated in a separate process. There are two ways to do this:

Web-based tab
From the template page, select the tab action called either "Create data" or "Recreate data". This will bring up an interface that may contain a checkbox reading "Recreate data into a replacement table, keeping the old one for querying". (That checkbox will only appear if the Cargo table in question already exists.)

Once you hit "OK", one of the following will happen:

In all three cases, MediaWiki jobs are used to cycle through all the relevant pages and recreate the data - a separate job is created for each page. This can be a lengthy process for large tables, which is why using the "replacement table" approach is recommended for large tables - it avoids a "down time" period when the table is mostly empty.
 * 1) If the checkbox was selected, a "replacement table" will be created, while the current table remains unaffected. This replacement table can be viewed by anyone, but its data will not be used in queries. (In the database, the actual table will have a name like "cargo__tableName__NEXT".) If/when you think this replacement table is ready to be used, you can click on the "Switch in table" link at Special:CargoTables. This link will delete the current Cargo table and rename the replacement table so that it becomes the official table. Conversely, if you don't want to use the replacement table, you can click on the "Delete" link for it.
 * 2) If the checkbox was not selected, the current table will be deleted immediately, and a new version will get created.
 * 3) If the checkbox was not there, it means that this is a new table. In that case, the table will be created.

Depending on the MediaWiki configuration, a call to MediaWiki's script may be useful or even necessary for these jobs to actually start.

If any templates contain #cargo_attach, they too will get a "Create data" or "Recreate data" tab. If this tab is selected and activated, it will not drop and recreate the database table itself; instead, it will only recreate those rows in the table that came from pages that call that template.

Permissions
The ability to create/recreate data is available to users with the 'recreatecargodata' permission, which by default is given to sysops. You can give this permission to other users; for instance, to have a new user group, 'cargoadmin', with this ability, you would just need to add the following to LocalSettings.php:

Once a table exists for a template, any page that contains one or more calls to that template will have its data in that table refreshed whenever it is resaved; and new pages that contain call(s) to that template will get their data added in when the pages are created.

Command-line script
If you have access to the command line, you can also recreate the data by calling the script cargoRecreateData.php, located in Cargo's  directory. It can be called in one of two ways:

In addition, the script can be called with the  flag, which turns off all printouts. For full usage information, call it with.

Storing page data
You can create an additional Cargo table that holds "page data": data specific to each page in the wiki, not related to infobox data. This data can then be queried either on its own or joined with one or more "regular" Cargo tables. The table is named "_pageData", and it holds one row for every page in the wiki. You must specify the set of fields you want the table to store; by default it will only hold the five standard Cargo fields, like _pageName (see Database storage details). To include additional fields, add to the array $wgCargoPageDataColumns in LocalSettings.php, below the line that installs Cargo.

Currently there are seven more fields that can be added to the _pageData table; here are the fields, and the call to add each one:

Once you have specified which fields you want the table to hold, go to the Cargo /maintenance directory, and make the following call to create, or recreate, the _pageData table:

To recreate with replacement, add a  flag:

The replacement table can then be switched in normally using the  interface.

If you want to get rid of this table, call the following instead:

You do not need to call the "--delete" option if you are planning to recreate the table; simply calling setCargoPageData.php will delete the previous version.

Storing file data
Similarly to page data, you can also automatically store data for each uploaded file. This data gets put in a table called "_fileData", which holds one row for each file. This table again has its own settings array, to specify which columns should be stored, called $wgCargoPageDataColumns.

There are currently five columns that can be set:

To store the full text of PDF files, you need to have the <tt>pdftotext</tt> utility installed on the server, and then add the following to LocalSettings.php:

pdftotext is available as part of several different packages. if you have the PdfHandler extension installed (and working), you may have pdftotext installed already.

To store the number of pages, you need to have the <tt>pdfinfo</tt> utility installed on the server, and then add the following to LocalSettings.php:

Once you have specified which fields you want the table to hold, go to the Cargo /maintenance directory, and make the following call to create, or recreate, the _fileData table:

Database storage details
When the data for a template is created or recreated, a database table is created in the Cargo database that (usually) has one column for each specified field. This table will additionally hold the following columns:

Storage of lists
For fields that have lists of values, the handling is more complex: a whole separate database table is created to hold all the individual values for this field. This table will get the name "MainTableName__FieldName" (e.g. "Books__Authors"), and it will have the following fields:

So if an "Authors" field contained three values, the "Books__Authors" table would have three rows corresponding to that one page.

There's one more complication for list fields: the corresponding field for a list field in the the database table will not actually be given that name, but will rather be called "FieldName__full", e.g. "Authors__full". This is to enable the "true" field name to serve as a "virtual" field within the #cargo_query call, to make querying on the field values table easier (see 'The "HOLDS" command').

Storage of hierarchies
For fields that have a set of allowed values that is defined as being a hierarchy, a separate database table is created to store the whole set of allowed values. This table will get the name "MainTableName__FieldName__hierarchy" (e.g. "Books__Genre__hierarchy"), and it will have the following fields:

For an explanation of this method of storage, see the Wikipedia article "Nested set model".

Storage of file names
If a table has one or more fields of type "File", an additional table is created - for use in searching on files within Special:Drilldown - with the name "MainTableName__files" (e.g. "Books__files"), with the following fields:

Storage of coordinates
For fields of type 'Coordinates', like for fields that hold a list of values, no database field is created with the actual specified field name. Instead, the following three fields are created:

If the coordinates cannot be parsed, the "__full" field still gets the value, but the "__lat" and "__lon" fields are set to null.

Storage of dates
For fields of type 'Date' or 'Datetime', an extra field is created that is named "fieldName__precision". It holds an integer value representing the "precision" of each date value, i.e. whether it holds a full date, only a year, etc. The possible values are: