Notifications/Developer guide

Notifications, as enabled by the Echo Extension, give MediaWiki users quick updates about actions that affect them. These notifications can help users become more aware of events that relate to them and take quick action if they want to.

This document is intended for MediaWiki extension developers and describes how to extend a MediaWiki extension to use the Notifications system. Currently, the following MediaWiki extensions are using the Echo extension to send notifications:


 * Thanks, to send thanks notifications to users for specific revisions.
 * GettingStarted, to invite new users to start editing articles.
 * PageTriage, to send notifications that indicate whether a page is reviewed and approved, reviewed with issues, or reviewed and nominated for deletion.

For more information about the Notification system, please see the project home page.

Implementing notifications: Step-by-step
1. Do you need notifications?

Although any extension can use the Notification system to send messages, please do not do so unless necessary. Make sure that your notification will not spam users, or overlap with another notification. Notifications should not duplicate each other, and one should bow out if there is an overlap.

2. Choose or create a notification category

Each notification must be assigned to a category, which defines the notification preferences (e.g., opt-in or opt-out; on-wiki or email notification). The notification can be assigned to an existing category or to a new category. See for more information.

3. Define the notification

Each notification is defined with an array of keys and values. Please see for more information.

4. Choose or create a notification formatter class

The formatter class is the engine that defines how to turn an event into a message that the end-user reads. It is specified in the notification definition and should be set to the name of a PHP class (either one predefined in Echo or a custom class in your extension). See section for more information.

5. Hook the notification into Echo

Once the notification is defined, it can be hooked into Echo with the BeforeCreateEchoEvent and EchoGetDefaultNotifiedUsers hooks. Please see for more information.

6. Set up a trigger for the notification

To trigger the notification, use the EchoEvent::create function call, either as part of the extension code (if the extension creates an interface) or in a hook to an existing part of the MediaWiki software. For more information, please see.

7. Monitor the notification

Once the notification has been implemented, monitor its behavior to ensure that it is not spamming users. If it seems to be generating an excessive number of notifications, you might want to rate-limit the event that is generating the notification or ensure that the notification is opt-in only.

Notification categories
Every notification must be assigned to a category, which defines the notification preferences (e.g., opt-in or opt-out; on-wiki or email notification). The notification category can also be used to specify user groups that are eligible to receive the notification, the priority of the notification, and a help tip. Note that multiple notifications can be assigned to a single category.

The assigned category can be one that is predefined by the Echo extension, or a customized category. Predefined categories include:

Creating a new category
Each category definition consists of an array of keys and values. The following is an example of a category definition used by the Thanks extension: $notificationCategories['edit-thank'] = array(    'priority' => 3,     'tooltip' => 'echo-pref-tooltip-edit-thank', );

Notification category parameters
Note that all category parameters are optional.

Defining a notification
Each notification consists of, at minimum, a title and a timestamp. In addition, a notification may also include a payload and primary and secondary action links.

Title: The title is a simple string that conveys a piece of information to a user. It may include links, or may have no data or link associated.

Timestamp: The timestamp reflects the time the notification was generated.

Primary action link: XXXX

Secondary action link: XXXX

Payload: The payload contains secondary data that augments the notification, e.g., an edit summary or a snippet of content such as the first few words of a contribution.

The notification appears in the flyout menu beside the user name as well as on the user’s Notification page and, if email notification preference is set to on, as an email message. Note that the notification can be customized for each of these instances via the notification parameters.

Explain more about customizing for different views?

Each notification definition consists of an array of keys and values. The following is an example of the Thanks notification definition. Note that the notification and the category have the same name (‘edit-thank’), as the Thanks notification is the only notification for this category:

$notifications['edit-thank'] = array(    'primary-link' => array( 'message' => 'notification-link-text-respond-to-user', 'destination' => 'agent' ),     'secondary-link' => array( 'message' => 'notification-link-text-view-edit', 'destination' => 'diff' ),     'category' => 'edit-thank',     'group' => 'positive',     'formatter-class' => 'EchoThanksFormatter',     'title-message' => 'notification-thanks',     'title-params' => array( 'agent', 'difflink', 'title' ),     'flyout-message' => 'notification-thanks-flyout2',     'flyout-params' => array( 'agent', 'title' ),     'payload' => array( 'summary' ),     'email-subject-message' => 'notification-thanks-email-subject',     'email-subject-params' => array( 'agent' ),     'email-body-message' => 'notification-thanks-email-body',     'email-body-params' => array( 'agent', 'title', 'difflink', 'email-footer' ),     'email-body-batch-message' => 'notification-thanks-email-batch-body', 'email-body-batch-params' => array( 'agent', 'title' ), 'icon' => 'thanks', );

Predefined icons
The following icons are defined by the Echo extension and may be used by additional notifications.

From: https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki-extensions-Echo/tree/master/modules/icons

Creating a new icon
Notification icons should be 30x30 pixel monochrome graphics that use the following color scheme:
 * Black for negative actions
 * Green for positive actions
 * Blue for neutral actions

Payloads
Predefined payloads [need list of predefined payloads]

Payload Description tk tk tk tk

Creating a new payload What to say here? Maybe don’t need this section.

Notification formatter-classes

The formatter-class is the engine that defines how to turn an event into a string that the end-user reads. The value should be set to the name of a php class (either predefined or customized). Predefined formatter-classes [need predefined formatter-classes]

Built in formatters: list existing formatting classes/what they handle/ and some examples. > BasicFormatter.php (extends existing formatters;; most examples)

Formatter-class Description tk tk tk tk

Creating a new formatter-class

New formatter-classes can be developed as part of your extension and referred to via the notification’s ‘formatter-class’ parameter.

New classes extend the EchoBasicFormatter and each must have a processParam function, which handles each key and sends it off to the function that handles it. Note that the processParam function must include an ‘else’ statement to capture cases not handled by the function’s ‘if’ statements. Unhandled cases should be directed up to the parent class.

The following example is from the Thanks extension:

class EchoThanksFormatter extends EchoBasicFormatter {

/**    * @param $event EchoEvent * @param $param * @param $message Message * @param $user User */   protected function processParam( $event, $param, $message, $user ) { if ( $param === 'difflink' ) { $eventData = $event->getExtra; if ( !isset( $eventData['revid'] ) ) { $message->params( '' ); return; }           $this->setTitleLink(                $event,                $message,                array( 'class' => 'mw-echo-diff', 'linkText' => wfMessage( 'notification-thanks-diff-link' )->text, 'param' => array(                       'oldid' => $eventData['revid'],                        'diff' => 'prev',                    ) )           );        } else { parent::processParam( $event, $param, $message, $user ); }   } }

Hook the notification into the Echo extension
To hook your notification to the Echo extension, use the following two hooks:

Hook Description BeforeCreateEchoEvent Used to pass Echo your definition for the notification category and the notification definition itself. EchoGetDefaultNotifiedUsers Used to define who gets the notifications (e.g., the user who created the edit)

Example from Thanks: Should we include this example? Or is this not very useful? Something more generic?

public static function onBeforeCreateEchoEvent( &$notifications, &$notificationCategories, &$icons ) { $notificationCategories['edit-thank'] = array(           'priority' => 3,            'tooltip' => 'echo-pref-tooltip-edit-thank',        );

$notifications['edit-thank'] = array(           'category' => 'edit-thank',            'group' => 'positive',            'formatter-class' => 'EchoThanksFormatter',            'title-message' => 'notification-thanks',            'title-params' => array( 'agent', 'difflink', 'title' ),            'flyout-message' => 'notification-thanks-flyout',            'flyout-params' => array( 'agent', 'difflink', 'title' ),            'payload' => array( 'summary' ),            'email-subject-message' => 'notification-thanks-email-subject',            'email-subject-params' => array( 'agent' ),            'email-body-message' => 'notification-thanks-email-body',            'email-body-params' => array( 'agent', 'title', 'difflink', 'email-footer' ),            'email-body-batch-message' => 'notification-thanks-email-batch-body',            'email-body-batch-params' => array( 'agent', 'title' ), 'icon' => 'gratitude', );

return true; }

>EchoGetDefaultNotifiedUsers example from Thanks: Should we include this example? Or is this not very useful?

public static function onEchoGetDefaultNotifiedUsers( $event, &$users ) { switch ( $event->getType ) { case 'edit-thank': $extra = $event->getExtra; if ( !$extra || !isset( $extra['thanked-user-id'] ) ) { break; }               $recipientId = $extra['thanked-user-id']; $recipient = User::newFromId( $recipientId ); $users[$recipientId] = $recipient; break; }       return true; }

Create the notification via the Echo extension
To trigger the notification, use the EchoEvent::create function call, either as part of the extension code (if the extension creates an interface) or in a hook to an existing part of the MediaWiki software. The EchoEvent::create function defines what data gets passed in to the notification.

The following example is used by the Thanks extension:

EchoEvent::create( array( 'type' => 'edit-thank', 'title' => $title, 'extra' => array(                       'revid' => $rev->getId,                        'thanked-user-id' => $recipient,                        'source' => $source,                    ), 'agent' => $agent, ) );

All create function calls must have a 'type' parameter; the rest of the parameters are optional and depend on the notification.

Predefined EchoEvent::create parameters
Create Parameter Required? Value type yes The type of notification. ??? variant no An alternate notification (e.g., a version to be sent to an admin user group) agent no The user who triggered the notification title no Title of page extra no Anything else! The ‘extra’ parameter supports any additional data required (e.g., the revision id of a page)

Opt-in is best
In general, notifications should be opt-in unless they are a critical component of site building and it’s imperative that everyone get them.

XXXX (explain how to use $wgDefaultUserOptions to set opt-in or opt-out?)

Rate-limit notification-generating events
To control the number of notifications sent, you can rate-limit the event that generates the notification (e.g., limit a user to 10 or fewer thanks events per minute)