Manual:MediaWiki feature list/fr

Cette page contient une liste de fonctionnalités natives du logiciel MediaWiki. La manière dont vous utiliserez MediaWiki pour votre propre wiki est fonction du genre de site web que vous voulez créer avec lui. La version pour Wikipédia comporte beaucoup de fonctionnalités très utiles qui ont évolué selon besoins des utilisateurs et les idées des développeurs. Mais plus de fonctionnalités signifie aussi plus de complexité. Avant de vous décider à utiliser MediaWiki, nous vous invitons à évaluer d'autres moteurs de Wikis (voir cette liste ou cette évaluation comparative) et de vérifier si l'un d'eux peut mieux répondre à vos besoins.

Les demandes pour de nouvelles fonctionnalités doivent être proposées dans Bugzilla.

Do I want MediaWiki?
MediaWiki software and extensions have features and benefits, strengths and weaknesses, pros and cons, and in spite of anyone ' s intended purposes, MediaWiki software and extensions can be used for unique, clever, inventive purposes unforeseen by the original programmers or other installers. Here is a brief list of MediaWiki features and benefits. If you develop an equivalent list of your own goals and resources, you can compare this list to your list and see where there ' s a match, or mismatch. Need more help deciding? There are open discussion groups on the web, and "talk" discussion pages behind each main MediaWiki page where you can seek connection with other people ' s experiences.

Note: sample feature list from pages 13-14, in the book "MediaWiki Administrators ' Tutorial Guide: Install, manage, and customize your MediaWiki installation" by Mizanur Rahman, 2007 http://www.packtpub.com/

Please enhance and expand the above table ' s features and benefits to assist visitors to best know what they are getting into. Thanks!

One recurring problem is that system administrators decide to create a wiki, without taking into account many issues. After filling out the previous table, ask yourself the following questions, to see if a wiki is the right software for you:
 * 1) What is my site's intended purpose?
 * Wikis are ideal for collaborative editing and creation of content; they are not very well suited for other purposes, like blogging. Consider whether a wiki is an adequate option for your goals.
 * 1) How many users will this wiki be exposed to?
 * With a few exceptions, installing wiki software is unnecessary when there is a very small group of people interested in editing the wiki. The larger the user base, the higher the probability a wiki makes more sense for you.
 * 1) How many active editors do I expect to edit my wiki?
 * Wikis, due to their open nature, require some maintenance. The larger the editor base, the more hands available to perform those maintenance tasks.
 * 1) What can I do with MediaWiki?
 * MediaWiki is an extremely versatile wiki engine; it is relatively easy to install, but more importantly, allows for the use and creation of extensions. These allow your MediaWiki installation to be extremely customizable with some knowledge of PHP. With the proper motivation, MediaWiki can be "abused" to do almost anything.
 * 1) Is MediaWiki right for me?
 * MediaWiki has its limitations. Currently, there is no support for WYSIWYG editing, so all editors need to learn wikimarkup. That presents a small barrier to entry. A more considerable limitation is that MediaWiki is not meant to be an access control list. MediaWiki raison d'etre is to provide open content; while recent versions have a much stronger security model, there are still significant gaps in individual-based security access. See Preventing access and Security issues with authorization extensions.

How should I configure MediaWiki?
If you have decided that MediaWiki is indeed an appropriate solution, there are still more things to consider. These questions will hopefully help you decide how to configure your wiki in a way that will allow you to minimize issues in the longer term: See Manual:User rights and Help:User rights management for more ideas and information.
 * 1) Who do I want reading my wiki?
 * In spite of all the issues with individual-based page restrictions, MediaWiki can be configured to restrict or allow access to everyone. So, ask yourself whether you want everyone in the Internet to see the contents of your wiki, or if you want to restrict that privilege to those users who have created accounts in your wiki.
 * 1) Who do I want editing my wiki?
 * Perhaps the most common question is whether you want to permit everyone to edit your wiki, similar to the Wikipedia model. MediaWiki allows for fine-grained writing restrictions; you can allow unregistered users to edit talk pages, for example, but only allow users with accounts older than a certain amount of time to edit your content pages. You can restrict editing to sysops, or even to a custom user group you create and delegate.
 * 1) Who do I want creating an account on my wiki?
 * Depending on some of the answers to the questions above, you may want to decide to restrict who can create accounts in a wiki. You can allow anyone to create accounts; or you can even designate that privilege to administrators, who would then be responsible for creating accounts for new users via some process of your choosing.
 * 1) What powers do I want each user group to have?
 * One of the most important questions you need to answer is this one. Granting or removing privileges to a group can be extremely controversial in a large wiki, so having a good idea of what each user should be able to do is critical. Do you want unregistered users to create pages? Do you want registered users to create pages? Do you want wiki administrators to be able to block and delete pages, or do you want to extend more privileges to them? Who is responsible for granting more privileges? Who is responsible for removing them? Who do you want to have more fine-grained powers, such as oversight, checkuser, and rollback?
 * 1) Which extensions should I install?
 * With a few exceptions, extensions are easy to add, whether it be while installing the wiki, or after a couple of years of the wiki being run.

With those answers, you should be able to configure the most critical aspects of your wiki. You can proceed to beginning the installation process in your operating system.

Aspect et convivialité

 * Liens avec raccourcis, le rendu est fonction de l'habillage (skin en anglais)
 * Les habillages ou skins : Les différentes façons de présenter le site.
 * Monobook, habillage par défaut, est un habillage moderne avec des raccourcis et des boîtes à outils.
 * Vector, an even more modern skin with easier to read text, large amount of content space, and has an extension of the same name that adds drop down functionality to the menus.
 * Styles utilisateurs : les utilisateurs peuvent modifier l'aspect et la convivialité du site grâce à une feuille de style CSS personnalisable attachée à leur compte utilisateur.
 * Le seuil d'"ébauche" ("Stub"): les utilisateurs peuvent voir s'afficher les liens vers les articles dans une couleur particulière quand ils ont une taille en octets inférieure à ce seuil.
 * Des versions imprimables des articles peuvent être produites à la demande
 * Numérotation automatique des titres de parties dans un article (optionnel)
 * "ancres" dans une page: générés automatiquement pour les titres de section ; on peut aussi en placer explicitement avec une balise ....
 * Génération d'un sommaire ("TOC") pour les articles longs (optionnel)
 * Transforme automatiquement les numéros ISBN en liens vers une liste modifiable de libraires.
 * Rendu de page compatible XHTML- ou HTML5 (on fait vraiment de notre mieux), integration ordonnée.

Multimédia et extensions

 * Une fonction de téléversement ("upload") de fichiers permet d'importer des fichiers d'images, de sons, etc. (aller à Special:Upload pour voir comment s'effectue cette opération, et la page Téléversement de fichier pour sa description). Les fichiers importés sont listés dans "Recent Changes" et ils sont aussi tracés ("logged") dans Special:Log/upload.
 * Génération de formules mathématiques en usant de la syntaxe LaTeX (voir texvc).
 * Redimensionnement automatique des images avec ImageMagick ou libgd ; syntaxe assez simple pour les légendes et l'alignement des images.
 * WikiHiero pour les hiéroglyphes égyptiens (requiert l'installation de composants indépendants)
 * EasyTimeline pour des graphiques et des tableaux chronologiques (requiert l'installation de composants indépendants)

Conserver la trace des modifications

 * Liste de suivi (Watchlist) : Chaque page comporte un lien "Suivre" ("watch") qui permet à chaque utilisateur de l'ajouter dans sa liste de suivi. Utilisez Special:Watchlist pour suivre les changements récents sur les articles que vous avez déclarés intéressants ; les articles suivis sont aussi affichés en gras dans la liste des modifications récentes (RecentChanges).
 * Le lien Contributions de l'utilisateur dans la barre latérale des pages utilisateur liste tous les articles que l'utilisateur a modifiés, à partir des informations de la base de données.
 * Suivi des modifications récentes étendu avec un regroupement des modifications sur un même article et des liens rapides pour différentier les modifications, afficher l'historique des modifications de l'article, afficher la page utilisateur, ou bloquer l'utilisateur (pour les admins).
 * "Suivi des pages liées": Montre une version de la page Modifications récentes limitée aux pages liées à la page courante.
 * "diffs" en vis-à-vis : deux "diffs" successives sont affichées côte-à-côte et les parties modifiées sont mises en évidence, ce qui facilite la visualisation des modifications. En outre, une « diff » est affiché lors d'un conflit d'édition, ce qui permet de voir exactement et de reprendre aisément ce que vous aviez tenté d'ajouter.
 * Les Real names (« noms réels »). Les utilisateurs peuvent indiquer (optionellement) un « nom réel » d'auteur (censément, leur nom d'état-civil ou d'auteur « dans la vraie vie ») auquel sera attribué le crédit de leurs ajouts.
 * On-page credits (trad : Crédits sur la page). Les administrateurs peuvent autoriser l'affichage d'un paragraphe qui indique quels éditeurs ont travaillé sur une page.

Structures et syntaxe

 * Par défaut, n'est autorisé qu'un usage restreint du HTML. Une option permet l'usage complet du HTML.
 * Syntaxe d'édition basée sur UseMod, avec support pour le mélange de syntaxes wiki et HTML. Par choix délibéré il n'y a pas de support des liens « CamelCase ».
 * les Namespaces (trad : espaces de nom) permettent la séparation des contenus (pour accéder au namespace, utilisez la syntaxe Namespace:Titre de page ).
 * Les pages de discussion (Talk:) sont indépendantes des pages articles, les pages du projet "meta" peuvent être séparées des pages de contenu, les pages « File: » servent à la description des images et multimédia.
 * L'espace de nom MediaWiki: contient tous les textes de l'interface utilisateur, et ils peuvent donc être édités comme n'importe quelle autre page du wiki (uniquement par les admins).
 * L'espace de nom Template: (« modèle ») sert aux messages personnalisables. Les modèles peuvent contenir des variables qui seront remplacées par des valeurs transmises aux modèles depuis la page appelante.
 * Inclusion de pages arbitraires dans tout espace de nom : . Voir la page d'aide générale sur les modèles.
 * Word-extension linking: If you include a link of the form Special:MyLanguage/wars, or Special:MyLanguage/wartime , the system will automatically display it as if you had typed wars or wartime , respectively, saving some typing.
 * Parenthetical hiding ("pipe tricks") If you include a link of the form Special:MyLanguage/kernel (mathematics), the parenthetical portion will be hidden in the link: kernel. This is useful for disambiguating different meanings of a word without making linking too difficult or cluttering up the text of articles. This also works with cropping out namespaces when you want a cleaner-looking link: Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Copyrights becomes Copyrights
 * Link to individual sections of an article, e.g. (these links may become invalid if sections are retitled or removed.)
 * Support for subpages (link to "Foo/Bar" from "Foo" by just typing "/Bar", "Foo/Bar" contains a backlink to "Foo"), these can be enabled or disabled by namespace (e.g., Wikipedia currently supports subpages on discussion pages, to make archiving easy, and on user pages, to give users space for personal pages)
 * Special keywords for inserting dynamic data such as the name of the current page, the current date, the number of articles, etc.
 * Multiple Categories can be assigned to any page, including categories themselves, creating a hierarchy of categories. Category pages automatically list all pages assigned to them, including sub-categories. Categories allow classification and hierarchical browsing of the content.

Editing

 * Section editing. Users can enable an option that allows them to edit individual sections of an article (separated by headlines) instead of loading the entire article.
 * Edit toolbar (JavaScript-based) for formatting text as bold, italic etc. (fully works in Mozilla and IE, other browsers use it to show the syntax, but cannot format text inside the text area because their JavaScript implementation does not support it). If JavaScript is disabled, the toolbar is not shown.
 * Edit summary which is shown in "Recent changes". Will be prefilled with section title when section editing.
 * Double click editing: Users can enable an option that allows them to edit articles by double clicking them.
 * Edit preview (can be shown before or after edit box)
 * Handle edit conflicts (page being saved by a user while still being edited by another one, then saved again). MediaWiki will merge changes automatically if possible and otherwise require the user to do a manual merge.
 * Mark edits as minor; users can decide to hide such edits from the Recent Changes list. Only signed in users can mark edits as minor.

Spam and Vandalism

 * Anti-spam features: Prevent link spamming, and other forms of abusive editing.
 * Spam blacklist: List of spammer's domain names which users are not allowed to link to.
 * Manual:Combating vandalism: Helpful hints and links to some extensions for dealing with vandalism

Discussions

 * Talk pages: Each user (including every anonymous user) and every article has an associated page where messages can be left. These are separate namespaces (see above), "Talk:" and "User talk:".
 * Message notification (user gets a "You have new messages" notice if someone else has edited their user discussion page); this also works for anonymous users, but not for shared IP users
 * Automatic signature: Just type three tildes (~) when you edit, and on saving the page, it will be replaced with your user name and a link to your user page. If you use four tildes, the current date will be added as well. Mainly intended for Talk pages.
 * Support for emailing users through the wiki (email address not shown to the user)

Multilanguage support

 * Translated into many languages (see en:Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination for details)
 * Interlanguage links: handy method for linking articles between wikis in different languages (each language requires its own database)
 * UTF-8 support

Backend

 * Database-driven (MySQL/MariaDB, PostgreSQL, and SQlite are supported)
 * Parser caching: rendered pages are cached to reduce redundant processing
 * Output caching: complete page output can be optionally saved as static HTML files for serving to other clients; support for Squid proxies
 * Cookie-based account and login system, but anonymous users can also edit pages
 * All revisions of an article are stored (optionally compressed)
 * RSS syndication available for many special pages, such as Special:Newpages and Special:Recentchanges
 * RDF metadata

Permissions

 * Different rights for anonymous users, signed in users, sysops, bureaucrats and developers.
 * Signed in users can:
 * move and rename pages
 * upload files
 * have and use a watchlist
 * mark edits as minor edits (eg. typo correction)
 * Admins/Sysops can:
 * protect pages from editing
 * delete and undelete pages
 * edit protected pages
 * ban users by IP address
 * ban users by username, if this option is enabled
 * run SQL queries on the database, if this option is enabled (see Extension:Asksql)
 * Bureaucrats can:
 * create sysops
 * rename users
 * flag bots
 * Developers can:
 * lock the database
 * run various maintenance tasks
 * Other permission schemes (e.g. only signed in users can edit pages) can be configured.

Search and Queries

 * Full text search
 * "Go" button allows direct viewing of a specified article's contents (tries near match if no exact hit)
 * "What links here": View pages that link to the current page (backlinks)
 * Special report pages:
 * New pages: List of newly created articles
 * Ancient pages: Articles sorted by timestamp, ascending
 * List of images
 * List of users
 * Site statistics
 * Orphaned articles (articles that have no links pointing to them)
 * Orphaned images
 * Popular articles (articles by number of visits, works only if counters are enabled)
 * Most wanted articles (non-existent articles sorted by number of links pointing to them)
 * Short articles
 * Long articles
 * List of all pages by title
 * Query API - allows scripted access to various metadata

Misc.

 * Random article display function
 * Users can configure their timezone, which is used on all report timestamps
 * The attributes of many report pages (number of results etc.) can be set in the user preferences

Empty set of help pages
Note that the files in the installation contain many links pointing to documents that are not included in the download. Most important is the empty set of help files, which will be needed by any new user of the site. To remedy these broken links, you must either a) export from this site or manually copy and modify help pages to your installation or b) modify the installation's parameters to change the help link targets to this site, either of which may require a substantial time investment.

Coming soon

 * See Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki roadmap.