MediaWiki-Vagrant/zh



MediaWiki-Vagrant 是一个轻便的 MediaWiki 开发环境. 它包含了一系列 Vagrant 和 VirtualBox 的配置脚本，目的是使运行 MediaWiki 虚拟机的创建自动化.

The virtual machine that MediaWiki-Vagrant creates makes it easy to learn about, modify, and improve MediaWiki's code: useful debugging information is displayed by default, and various developer tools are set up specifically for inspecting and interacting with MediaWiki code, including a powerful debugger and an interactive interpreter. Best of all, because the configuration is automated and contained in a virtual environment, mistakes are easy to undo.

快速入门
If you are installing MediaWiki-Vagrant from the USB distribution, follow the steps in the README rather than the first four steps.   获取Git   获取最新版本VirtualBox   [//www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html 获取最新版本Vagrant] (the version must be 1.2.6 or higher; For NFS, use 1.5.4 and up)  获取代码并创建您的机器：  $ git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/vagrant $ cd vagrant $ git submodule update --init --recursive $ ./setup.sh # or setup.bat on Windows $ vagrant up

It may take quite some time before the first vagrant up completes; e.g., 1 hour.

MediaWiki-Vagrant will not run on a host that doesn't support VT-X because it specifies a 64bit guest. The 64bit guest is needed in part because it uses use deb packages from WMF production that are only built for amd64 architecture.

运行Windows？获取Git并在Git Bash运行git命令. 从cmd.exe运行setup.bat.  If prompted, enter your Gerrit user name (recommended), or just hit Enter. When Vagrant is done configuring your machine, browse to http://127.0.0.1:8080/ to find your MediaWiki instance. The admin password is ].)
 * If you got any puppet errors you might need to init puppet submodules, on vagrant directory run git submodule update --init


 * Use http://127.0.0.1:8080/info.php to check that Apache/PHP is up and running.
 * You might want to compare the output of the initial run of vagrant up in your terminal with this sample. The initial setup may take a long time; if it seems to hang somewhere but there are no errors, just give it a while.
 * Vagrant rarely loses pairing with your VM. This thread discusses some ways to work around it (e.g. attaching old VM harddrive to the new profile)
 * Make sure that  repository is up to date:

Windows相关

 * If you are on Windows and you get "guest machine entered an invalid state" - "poweroff", try downloading a 4.3.15 build of VirtualBox (there is a known problem with 4.3.14 on Windows). If that does not help, make sure you enable Hardware Virtualization Technology (VT-x or AMD-V) in BIOS. Hardware Virtualization is required. It is not an optional performance enhancement. (Some laptops require you to remove the power cable and battery for 30 seconds )

Mac相关

 * NFS errors To avoid NFS errors, while installing ensure the firewall will accept connections: Apple > System Preferences > Security & Privacy > Firewall > Firewall Options. You will need to UNcheck "Block all incoming connections" and probably also UNcheck "Enable stealth mode" in order to accept the following: netbiosd, nfsd, rpc.lockd, rpc.rquotad, rpcbind, VBoxHeadless. Note, you may need to restart your computer and change the status to "Allow incoming connections" during a couple s. After installation, you may be able to re-check "Block all incoming connections and "Enable stealth mode" now that the firewall rules have been updated.
 * MediaWiki-Vagrant uses NFS to share some folders with the host machine (your computer). You need to set up your computer as an "NFS server", see e.g. Ubuntu instructions. On Debian,   will work; you may need to   as well. Note that Debian's NFS server will not start without an entry in  . If   doesn't show "nfs" services running, this is likely what's going on.  Adding your home directory as the last line in   and then   will usually be good enough to get you past this chicken-and-egg problem.

Ubuntu

 * Vagrant cannot be run from an encrypted directory especially if you are running on Ubuntu and setting for an encrypted home directory. To run vagrant you need to move the MediaWiki-Vagrant's directory on "/opt/" then simply launch.


 * If you have additional questions, IRC is a good option, specifically the channel.

基本用法
The vagrant command-line tool on the host machine provides several subcommands for controlling your virtual machine. You've already used one: vagrant up, which turns on the virtual machine. Like most vagrant subcommands, you need to run it from the MediaWiki-Vagrant directory or one of its children. When you first run it, Vagrant will fetch a system image and set up requisite software for running MediaWiki. This can take 1–2 hours of CPU and wall clock time on a broadband connection, but it only needs to happen once. When you run vagrant up in the future, it will simply boot up the machine.

vagrant ssh starts an interactive login shell on the virtual machine. It'll log you in as the user vagrant ; root access is available to via sudo, which is passwordless. Because the virtual machine is entirely sandboxed within your computer, it is configured for convenience, not security. As a rule, whenever you encounter a password prompt, the password is.

When you log in, you should see a colorful MediaWiki banner and a few reminders of useful commands.

The command hhvmsh will start an interactive PHP interpreter with MediaWiki's codebase already loaded. You can type in some code, hit 'enter', and the code will be evaluated immediately. If you start a line with '=', its computed value will be pretty-printed. Type ? for quick help or help start for additional instructions.

The  folder corresponds to the MediaWiki-Vagrant folder on your host machine, and its contents is shared. MediaWiki's code is installed in. This allows you to use your normal editor environment on your host machine to edit the MediaWiki code that runs on your virtual machine.

Use vagrant git-update to keep your git repositories and database schema up to date. This command is equivalent of performing git pull for core and all extension directories, followed by running the  script.

Log out of your virtual machine by typing logout or by pressing CTRL + D. Now that you're back in a standard command prompt, you can run vagrant halt to shut down the virtual machine and vagrant up to bring it back up. vagrant destroy will delete the virtual machine's files; this command is useful if you want to return your instance to a pristine state. (You'll need to follow up with vagrant up to provision a fresh instance.)

使用任务
MediaWiki-Vagrant sets up a basic MediaWiki instance by default, but it also knows how to configure a range of complementary software, including some popular MediaWiki extensions and their dependencies. These optional software stacks are collectively known as 'roles', and MediaWiki-Vagrant offers an easy and powerful command-line interface for managing them.  $ vagrant list-roles
 * 1) Display a list of available roles.

 $ vagrant enable-role role
 * 1) Turn on role for this machine.

 $ vagrant disable-role role Watch a short screencast demonstrating how to use roles. Roles has more information about some roles.
 * 1) Turn off role for this machine.

If you add many roles, you may need to increase memory available to the Vagrant VM. In particular, setting up the "browsertests" role involves compiling the  ruby Gem which is a memory-hungry task; if it fails try freeing some memory in the VM or increasing its memory allocation.

See the section Authoring roles below if you're interested in adding roles to MediaWiki-Vagrant.

Local MediaWiki core copy
Sometimes you may want to start over from scratch by removing the entire vagrant directory or cleaning out the vagrant/mediawiki directory. In order to speed up the vagrant provisioning process, you may want to consider keeping a local, updated clone of the MediaWiki core that you copy into vagrant/mediawiki.

for example, assuming you are cloning MediaWiki repos into ~/projects/mediawiki/ :

Update cloned repos
Update the cloned repos as often as possible/necessary.

Vagrant reload
Run vagrant reload after your initial vagrant up and after any new vagrant provision commands.

When to enable roles
Enable roles only once you've successfully run your first vagrant up.

Provisioning
You can debug the provisioning process by running

PHP
You can debug PHP with Xdebug if you vagrant enable-role zend. Debugging in PHP is different from other client-side debugging. Your IDE listens for incoming connections, and when you access the server with a browser, a special header instructs PHP to connect to your IDE. See MediaWiki-Vagrant/Advanced_usage for further information.

Chrome

 * For Chrome users, you should get XDebug Helper, and optionally Clear Cache, HTTP headers, and Mod Headers. Configure clear cache to automatically reload after clearing, and set up keyboard shortcuts (e.g. Ctrl+R for clear&reload, Ctrl+Shift+D to switch XDebugger on/off)

Firefox

 * Firefox users should check out easy Xdebug.
 * Install and configure an xdebug-compatible IDE on your machine (Eclipse, PhpStorm, Emacs, etc)
 * In IDE, start listening for the incoming debug connection
 * In IDE, set break point at the spot that interests you
 * Enable XDebug in the browser and navigate to your vagrant installation ( http://127.0.0.1:8080/... )

调试测试单元
This method is a bit hacky, but can be used until debugging remote interpreter improves (e.g. in phpStorm 8 EAP). This workaround lets you run MediaWiki unit tests from the browser.
 * Download phpunit.phar file to the root of you vagrant directory.
 * Create a php file unittest.php in the root of mediawiki directory (mapped as /w on apache). Do not commit this file to the repository.


 * 在上面的文件中将参数argv更改为测试文件的名称
 * 导航至http://127.0.0.1:8080/w/unittest.php
 * Follow #Debugging instructions to attach your debugger

推送更改
If you're using MediaWiki-Vagrant for development you'll probably want to push some commits to MediaWiki core or an extension's repository using git review. By default, all remotes point to the  URLs. To avoid overriding this on a case by case basis, run:

$ git config --global url."ssh://gerrit.wikimedia.org:29418/".insteadOf "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/"

我如何XXX？

 * 检查PHP版本和设置
 * http://127.0.0.1:8080/info.php


 * Edit LocalSettings.php?
 * First, check that there is no role ( vagrant list-roles ) that already does what you need. If not, create a file in  directory. See README and 00-debug.php-example file.


 * Update MediaWiki code?
 * The easiest is to use vagrant git-update from the host. Or you can use regular git fetch, pull , etc. commands in   and   directories. You can run these commands on the virtual machine, but the file access will be faster on the host machine. MediaWiki-Vagrant pulls code from git master when you initially set up and/or add a role, but doesn't automatically update code after that.


 * Run MediaWiki PHP interpreter
 * ssh to vagrant and run mwscript eval.php . You might need to run it with sudo


 * Run MediaWiki SQL interpreter
 * ssh to vagrant and run mwscript sql.php . You might need to run it with sudo


 * Update virtual machine software packages?
 * vagrant provision does not update system packages in the VM. When you connect with vagrant ssh the login message will inform you <tt>NN packages can be updated. NN updates are security updates.</tt> In vagrant ssh:
 * to update all packages, enter sudo apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
 * for "automatic installation of security (and other) upgrades", similar to labs instances, enter sudo unattended-upgrade
 * to update to the same packages that are on production WMF servers... TODO


 * Customize Vagrant
 * You should never need to change Vagrantfile directly. There are several aspects of vagrant you can customize:
 * Core settings (git user, ports, ram, ip, port forwarding) can be customized via .settings.yaml file. See vagrant config --help and vagrant forward-port --help for instructions.
 * Perform additional steps after Vagrantfile load by creating a file called Vagrantfile-extra.rb and placing it in the same folder as Vagrantfile - it will be automatically loaded. In case of conflict, values in the 'extra' file will supersede values in this file. See example in support/ directory.


 * Add custom Puppet code?
 * This is ideal if you want to work on your own MediaWiki site locally and let the MediaWiki-Vagrant install your dependencies for you. Its ideal if you have your own fork.  There is a distinction between a role and this use case. Roles are meant to be installed in any order and without breaking. If your fork needs different calls and get in trouble with roles, create your own class and call what you need, including roles.
 * To do so, place your custom puppet code in  with your own class, like so:

To apply your class, add it to the "classes" key in. You can create the file if it doesn't exist.

Then run  to apply the change via Puppet.


 * Update MediaWiki-Vagrant itself?
 * (For example, to use new roles.) In a terminal, change to the vagrant directory on the host computer and enter a regular git command such as git pull --ff-only . You will typically want to run vagrant provision after updating to apply any new puppet changes to your virtual machine.


 * Run GUI applications on the virtual machine?
 * If you have an X server installed, SSH into the virtual machine using ssh -- -X to enable X forwarding. (Mac users should update to the latest version of XQuartz.)


 * As an alternative, you can run the virtual machine in GUI mode, which allows you to interact with the VM as though it had a physical display. To enable GUI mode, create a file called  in the root repository folder, with this as its content:


 * Save the file and run vagrant halt followed by vagrant up . The virtual machine's display will appear in a window on your desktop.


 * Adjust the resources allocated to the VM?
 * If you'd like to allocate more or less CPU / RAM to the VM, see vagrant config --help for instructions.

Alternatively, you can do it by creating Vagrantfile-extra.rb (see support/ dir for an example):


 * Change the editor used for git commit messages?


 * Run a branch of MediaWiki other than master?
 * Set the "mediawiki::branch" key in .  You can create the file if it doesn't exist.

This change has to be made BEFORE running vagrant up for the first time. If you decide you want to do it later, make the change, destroy your current VM with, delete your existing mediawiki checkout and finally build a new VM with.

高级用法
As an alternative to managing all MediaWiki settings in a single, large LocalSettings.php file, consider grouping your configurations by component or theme, and creating a separate PHP file in  for each group. This makes it quite easy to keep your settings organized, to temporarily disable specific configurations, and to share settings with others. MediaWiki will automatically load any PHP files in  in lexical order. You can control the order in which your configurations are set by adopting the habit of adding a two-digit prefix to each file name.

例如：

<pre style="background-color: #efefef; border: 0; display: inline-block; font-family: Consolas, monaco, monospace; margin: 0.4em 0 1em; padding: 0.2em 0.6em;"> settings.d/   ├── 10-RunFirst.php ├── 20-SomeExtension.php └── 99-RunLast.php Note that the settings files in  are automatically created and destroyed in response to your Puppet configuration. Don't put your custom settings there, because Puppet will erase or override them. Keep your custom settings files in  instead.

程序编写任务
MediaWiki-Vagrant uses Puppet to configure MediaWiki on the virtual machine. Puppet is a configuration management tool that works by providing a domain-specific language for expressing software configurations in a declarative fashion. Files containing Puppet code are called 'manifests'. When Puppet runs, it interprets the manifests you feed it and configures the machine accordingly. MediaWiki-Vagrant's Puppet code is located in the. These roles depend on Puppet modules in. The Puppet code is generally well-documented and contains examples that demonstrate its proper usage.

Setting up labs instances
You can use Labsvagrant to configure Wikimedia Labs machines with a given MediaWiki-Vagrant role.

错误
If you spot a bug in MediaWiki-Vagrant, please report it. First, make sure the bug is not a known Vagrant or VirtualBox bug by searching the Vagrant issue tracker on GitHub and the VirtualBox bugtracker. If it is not, go ahead and submit the bug to Wikimedia Bugzilla. Clearly describe the issue and include steps to reproduce, whenever possible.

TLDR

 * git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/vagrant
 * cd vagrant/
 * ./setup.sh
 * vagrant up
 * vagrant list-roles

链接

 * Project page on Ohloh
 * MediaWiki-Vagrant on GitHub
 * Labsvagrant configure Wikimedia Labs instances based on MediaWiki-Vagrant roles
 * HHVM/Vagrant steps necessary to enable the hhvm role on older MediaWiki-Vagrant installs