Help:Extension:ParserFunctions/es

La extensión brinda once funciones del analizador sintáctico que suplementan las "" ya presentes en MediaWiki. (Es posible que sea configurado para proporcionar funciones de analizador adicionales para el manejo de cadenas; estas funciones de cadena están documentadas .) Todas las parser functions proporcionadas por esta extensión tienen la forma:

#expr
Esta función, evalúa una expresión matemática, y devuelve el resultado. Esta función está también disponible en por medio de la función.



Los operadores disponibles están listados a continuación, en orden de preferencia. Para más información sobre la sintaxis y uso de cada operador, se puede consultar la documentación (en inglés) Help:Calculation. La exactitud y el formato del resultado devuelto, depende del sistema operativo del servidor que ejecuta la wiki, y el formáto numérico que use el servidor

Cuando se evalúa usando algebra booleana, el cero evalúa a, y cualquier valor diferente de cero, positivo o negativo, evalúa a  :



Una expresión de entrada vacía regresa una cuerda vacía. Las expresiones nulas regresan algún mensaje de error entre muchos, los cuales pueden ser detectados utilizando el  función:



El orden de los operandos de adición y de sustracción antes o después de un número es significativo y puede ser tratado como valor positivo o negativo en vez de un operando con una entrada errónea:



Nota, si utilizas las palabras mágicas, tienes que formatearlas en crudo para sacar comas y traducir los números. Por ejemplo, resultados en ado, donde  queremos 0, los cuales pueden ser obtenidos utilizando. Esto es especialmente importante en algunos lenguajes donde los números están traducidos. Por ejemplo, en Bengali, productos ৩০,০৬১.



Redondeo
Rounds del número a la izquierda a un múltiplo de 1/10 elevado a una potencia, con el exponente igual al valor truncado del número dado a la derecha.

Para redondear hacia arriba o hacia abajo, use la unaria  o $piso respectivamente.

Cadenas
Las expresiones solo funcionan con valores numéricos, no pueden comparar cadenas o caracteres. puede ser usado en su lugar.



#if
Esta función evalúa una cadena de prueba y determina si está vacía o no. Una cadena de prueba que contiene solo espacios en blanco se considera vacía.





Esta función primero prueba si el primer parámetro no está vacío. Si el primer parámetro no está vacío, la función muestra el segundo argumento. Si el primer parámetro está vacío o contiene solo caracteres de espacios en blanco (espacios, nuevas líneas, etc.), se muestra el tercer argumento.



La cadena de prueba siempre se interpreta como texto puro, por lo que las expresiones matemáticas no se evalúan (véase #ifexpr):



El último parámetro (falso) se puede omitir:



La función puede ser insertada. Para hacerlo, anide la función #if interna en su forma completa en lugar de un parámetro de la función #if adjunta. Es posible hasta siete niveles de anidamiento, aunque eso puede depender de la wiki o del límite de memoria.

También puede usar un parámetro como la cadena de prueba en su declaración. Debe asegurarse de agregar  (símbolo pipe) después del nombre de la variable. (De modo que si el parámetro no tiene un valor, se evalúa como una cadena vacía en lugar de la cadena " ").



Veasé para más ejemplos de esta función.

#ifeq
Esta función de analizador compara dos cadenas de entrada, determina si son idénticas y devuelve una de las dos cadenas según el resultado. Si se requieren más comparaciones y cadenas de salida, considere usar.



Si ambas cadenas son valores numéricos válidos, las cadenas se comparan numéricamente:



De lo contrario, la comparación se hace como texto; esta comparación es sensible a mayúsculas y minúsculas:


 * →  (compare con el ejemplo similar anterior, sin las comillas)
 * →  (compárese con el ejemplo similar anterior, con   devolviendo un número válido primero)
 * →  (compare con el ejemplo similar anterior, sin las comillas)
 * →  (compárese con el ejemplo similar anterior, con   devolviendo un número válido primero)

Como ejemplo práctico, considere una existente   usando el analizador para elegir entre dos tiempos estándar, corto y largo. Toma el parámetro como la primera entrada para compararlo con la cadena "short": no existe una convención para el orden, pero es más fácil de leer si el parámetro va primero. El código de la plantilla se define como:



se produce lo siguiente:


 * → 20
 * → 40
 * → 40

#iferror
Esta función toma una cadena de entrada y devuelve uno de los dos resultados; la función se evalúa como  si la cadena de entrada contiene un objeto HTML con , como lo generan otras funciones del analizador como  ,   y  , errores template como bucles y recursiones, y otros errores del analizador "failoft".



Se pueden omitir una o ambas cadenas de retorno. Si se omite la cadena, se devuelve la   si no es errónea. Si la cadena  también se omite, se devuelve una cadena vacía en caso de error:


 * → &zwnj;
 * → &zwnj;
 * → &zwnj;
 * → &zwnj;
 * → &zwnj;
 * → &zwnj;

Some errors may cause a tracking category to be added, using  will not suppress the addition of the category.

#ifexpr
Esta función evalúa una expresión matemática y devuelve una de dos cadenas dependiendo del valor booleano del resultado:



La entrada  se evalúa exactamente como para   arriba, con los mismos operadores disponibles. La salida se evalúa como una expresión booleana.

Una expresión de entrada vacía evalúa :



Como se mencionó anteriormente, cero se evalúa como  y cualquier valor distinto de cero se evalúa como , por lo que esta función es equivalente a una que usa   y   solamente:



excepto para una expresión de entrada vacía o incorrecta (un mensaje de error se trata como una cadena vacía; no es igual a cero, por lo que obtenemos ).



comparando



Cualquiera o ambos valores de retorno pueden omitirse; no se da salida cuando la rama apropiada se deja vacía:



Boolean operators of equality or inequality operators are supported.



#ifexist
Esta función toma una cadena de entrada, la interpreta como el título de una página y devuelve uno de los dos valores dependiendo de si la página existe o no en el wiki local.



The function evaluates to  if the page exists, whether it contains content, is visibly blank (contains meta-data such as category links or, but no visible content), is blank, or is a. Only pages that are redlinked evaluate to, including if the page used to exist but has been deleted.



The function evaluates to  for  that have been customized, and for  that are defined by the software.



If a page checks a target using, then that page will appear in the  list for the target page. So if the code  were included live on this page, /Foo will list.

On wikis using a shared media repository,  can be used to check if a file has been uploaded to the repository but not to the wiki itself:



If a local description page has been created for the file, the result is exists for all of the above.

does not work with interwiki links.



Límites de ifexist
is considered an "expensive parser function"; only a limited number of which can be included on any one page (including functions inside transcluded templates). When this limit is exceeded, any further  functions automatically return false, whether the target page exists or not, and the page is categorized into Category:. The name of the may vary depending on the content language of your wiki.

For some use cases it is possible to emulate the ifexist effect with css, by using the selectors  (to select links to unexisting pages) or   (to select links to existing pages). Furthermore, since the number of expensive parser functions that can be used on a single page is controlled by, one can also increase the limit in LocalSettings.php if needed.

ifexist and wanted pages
A page that does not exist and is tested for using #ifexist will end up on the Wanted Pages. See for the reason, and w:Template:Linkless exists for a workaround.

#rel2abs
This function converts a relative file path into an absolute filepath.



Con la entrada, la siguiente sintaxis es válida:


 * → el nivel actual
 * → go up one level
 * → go down one level into the subdirectory /foo

If the  is not specified, the full page name of the page will be used instead:



Invalid syntax, such as  or , is ignored. Since no more than two consecutive full stops are permitted, sequences such as these can be used to separate successive statements:



For a similar group of functions see also Help:Magic words#URL data. Built-in parser functions include: 'localurl:', 'fullurl:', 'anchorencode:' etc.

#switch
Véase también: w:Help:Switch parser function

This function compares one input value against several test cases, returning an associated string if a match is found.

Ejemplos:




 * 1) switch with partial transclusion tags can affect a configuration file that enables an editor unfamiliar with template coding to view and edit configurable elements.

Predeterminado
The  is returned if no   string matches the  :



In this syntax, the default result must be the last parameter and must not contain a raw equals sign (an equals sign without ). If it does, it will be treated as a case comparison, and no text will display if no cases match. Esto se da porque el valor por defecto no ha sido definido (está vacío). Sin embargo, en el caso que coincida se devolverá su cadena de texto asociada.



Alternatively, the default result may be explicitly declared with a  string of " ".

Default results declared in this way may be placed anywhere within the function:



If the  parameter is omitted and no match is made, no   is returned:





Agrupando resultados
It is possible to have 'fall through' values, where several  strings return the same   string. This minimizes duplication.

Aquí, todos los casos 2, 3 y 4 devolverán ; mientras que los casos 6 y 7 devolverán. El " " del último parámetros puede ser omitido en el caso anterior.



Usar con parámetros
La función puede ser usada con parámetros como una cadena de texto de prueba. In this case, it is not necessary to place the pipe after the parameter name, because it is very unlikely that you will choose to set a case to be the string " ". ( This is the value the parameter will default to if the pipe is absent and the parameter doesn't exist or have a value. Véase .)



En el caso anterior, si  es igual a , la función devolverá. Si es igual a, la función devolverá. Si el parámetro está vacío o no existe, la función devolverá.

As in the section above, cases can be combined to give a single result.



Aquí, si  es igual a ,   o  , la función va a devolver. Si iguala a, la función devolverá. Si el parámetro está vacío o no existe, la función va a devolver $!.

Adicionalmente, el resultado por defecto puede ser omitido si no esperas que devuelva algo en caso de que el parámetro de prueba no coincida con ninguno de los casos.



En este caso, la función devuelve una cadena de texto vacía salvo que  exista e iguale   o. En tal caso, devolverá  o   respectivamente.

Esto posee el mismo efecto de declarar el resultado por defecto como vacío.



Si por alguna razón deseas establecer un caso como " ", la función devolverá su resultado correspondiente cuando el parámetro no exista o no tenga un valor. El parámetro tendrá que existir y tener un valor distinto al de la cadena de texto " " para que devuelva el resultado por defecto de la función.


 * (donde  no existe o está vacío):
 * →  Foo 
 * (donde  tiene el valor " "):
 * →  Bar 
 * (donde  posee el valor " "):
 * →  Foo 

In this hypothetical case, you would need to add the pipe to the parameter.

Comparison behavior
As with, the comparison is made numerically if both the comparison string and the case string being tested are numeric; or as a case-sensitive string otherwise:





A  string may be empty:



Once a match is found, subsequent  are ignored:



Raw equal signs
"Case" strings cannot contain raw equals signs. To work around this, use the = magic word, create a template = containing a single equals sign:, or replace equals sign with HTML code.

Ejemplo:

Replacing #ifeq
can be used to reduce expansion depth.

Por ejemplo:



es equivalente a:



i.e. deep nesting, linear:

On the other hand, the switch replacement could be complicated/impractical for IFs nested in both branches (shown with alternatives of indentation, indented on both sides), making full symmetrical tree:

#time
This parser function takes a date and/or time (in the Gregorian calendar) and formats it according to the syntax given. A date/time object can be specified; the default is the value of the magic word  – that is, the time the page was last rendered into HTML.



The list of accepted formatting codes is given in the table to the right. Any character in the formatting string that is not recognized is passed through unaltered; this applies also to blank spaces (the system does not need them for interpreting the codes). There are also two ways to escape characters within the formatting string: In addition, the digraph  is interpreted as a single literal "x".
 * 1) A backslash followed by a formatting character is interpreted as a single literal character
 * 2) Characters enclosed in double quotes are considered literal characters, and the quotes are removed.

As the list of formatting codes continues to evolve (with the support of new calendars, or of new date fields computed and formatted differently), you should escape all literal characters (not just ASCII letters currently used by formatting codes) that need to be passed through unaltered.

Unfortunately, for now, the ASCII single quote is still not recognized as a simple alternative for marking literal text to the currently supported ASCII double quotes (for example, double quotes are mandatory for in other uses like the delimitation of string values in JSON, C, C++...) and backslashes (which have to be escaped as well in string constants used by many languages, including JSON, C, C++, PHP, JavaScript, Lua). So you still cannot embed any literal double quote without escaping it with a backslash (or you can use other curly, angular or square quotation marks instead).



The  can be in any format accepted by PHP's strtotime function. Absolute (e.g. ), relative (e.g.  ), and combined times (e.g.  ) are accepted.


 * &rarr; 
 * &rarr; 
 * &rarr; 
 * &rarr; 
 * &rarr; 
 * &rarr; 
 * &rarr; 

The  in ISO 639-3 (?) allows the string to be displayed in the chosen language



The  parameter specifies if the date/time object refers to the local timezone or to UTC.

This is a boolean parameters: its value is determined by casting the value of the argument (see the official PHP documentation for details on how string are cast to boolean values).

See the following examples for details:





If you've calculated a Unix timestamp, you may use it in date calculations by pre-pending an  symbol.



Full or partial absolute dates can be specified; the function will "fill in" parts of the date that are not specified using the current values:



A four-digit number is always interpreted as a year, never as hours and minutes:



A six-digit number is interpreted as hours, minutes and seconds if possible, but otherwise as an error (not, for instance, a year and month):


 * →  Input is treated as a time rather than a year+month code.
 * →  Although 19:60:09 is not a valid time, 196009 is not interpreted as September 1960.

The function performs a certain amount of date mathematics:



The total length of the format strings of the calls of  is limited to 6000 characters.

Time Zone issue
There is a bug in this #time parser function (more specifically in PHP DateTime) that does not allow the passing-in of non-integers as relative time zone offsets. This issue does not apply when using an on-the-hour time zone, such as EDT. For example:


 * &rarr;

However, India is on a +5.5 hours time offset from UTC, and thus using its time zone will not normally allow the correct calculation of a relative time zone offset. Here's what happens:


 * &rarr;

To workaround this issue, simply convert the time into minutes or seconds, like this:


 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;

(Tim Starling, the developer of this function, provided the exact syntax for this solution.)

#timel
This function is identical to, when the   parameter is set to  , so it always uses the local time of the wiki (as set in ).

Syntax of the function is:





For instance, see the following examples:





#titleparts
This function separates a page title into segments based on slashes, then returns some of those segments as output.



If the number of segments to return parameter is not specified, it defaults to "0", which returns all the segments from the first segment to return (included). If the first segment to return parameter is not specified or is "0", it defaults to "1":


 * →  See also.
 * →  See also.

Negative values are accepted for both values. Negative values for the number of segments to return parameter effectively 'strips' segments from the end of the string. Negative values for the first segment to return translates to "start with this segment counting from the right":


 * →  Strips one segment from the end of the string. See also.
 * →   Strips all 4 segments from the end of the string
 * →   Strips 5 segments from the end of the string (more than exist)
 * →   Returns last segment. See also.
 * →   Strips one segment from the end of the string, then returns the second segment and beyond
 * →   Start copying at the second last element; strip one segment from the end of the string

Before processing, the pagename parameter is HTML-decoded: if it contains some standard HTML character entities, they will be converted to plain characters (internally encoded with UTF-8, i.e. the same encoding as in the MediaWiki source page using this parser function).


 * For example, any occurrence of,  , or   in pagename will be replaced by.
 * No other conversion from HTML to plain text is performed, so HTML tags are left intact at this initial step even if they are invalid in page titles.

Then the decoded pagename is canonicalized into a standard page title supported by MediaWiki, as much as possible:


 * 1) All underscores are automatically replaced with spaces:
 * →  Not bah_boo, despite the underscore in the original.
 * 1) The string is split a maximum of 25 times; further slashes are ignored and the 25th element will contain the rest of the string. The string is also limited to 255 characters, as it is treated as a page title:
 * If for whatever reason you needed to push this function to its limit, although very unlikely, it is possible to bypass the 25 split limit by nesting function calls:
 * 1) Finally the first substring is capitalized according to the capitalization settings of the local wiki (if that substring also starts by a local namespace name, that namespace name is also normalized).
 * 1) Finally the first substring is capitalized according to the capitalization settings of the local wiki (if that substring also starts by a local namespace name, that namespace name is also normalized).
 * 1) Finally the first substring is capitalized according to the capitalization settings of the local wiki (if that substring also starts by a local namespace name, that namespace name is also normalized).

{{Warning|1= Certain characters that are illegal in a page title will cause #titleparts to not parse the string:


 * → {{#titleparts: {one/two} | 1 | 1 }}. Does not produce the expected: {one
 * → {{#titleparts: page/123 | 1 | 2 }}. Does not work because brackets are illegal in page titles and this parser function does not process links embedded in its input pagename parameter, even when they use the MediaWiki syntax, or any other HTML or MediaWiki tags.
 * → "{{#titleparts: red/#00FF00/blue| 1 | 3 }}". Does not work because "#" is also illegal in page titles.

}}

StringFunctions
All of these functions are integrated from the StringFunctions extension, but are only available if an administrator sets   in.

All of these functions operate in O(n) time complexity, making them safe against DoS attacks.

#len
The #len function returns the length of the given string. The syntax is:

The return value is always a number of characters in the source string (after expansions of template invocations, but before conversion to HTML). If no string is specified, the return value is zero.

#pos
The #pos function returns the position of a given search term within the string. The syntax is:

The offset parameter, if specified, tells a starting position where this function should begin searching.

If the search term is found, the return value is a zero-based integer of the first position within the string.

If the search term is not found, the function returns an empty string.

#rpos
The #rpos function returns the last position of a given search term within the string. The syntax is:

If the search term is found, the return value is a zero-based integer of its last position within the string.

If the search term is not found, the function returns -1.

#sub
The #sub function returns a substring from the given string. The syntax is:

The start parameter, if positive (or zero), specifies a zero-based index of the first character to be returned.

Example: returns.

returns.

If the start parameter is negative, it specifies how many characters from the end should be returned.

Example: returns.

The length parameter, if present and positive, specifies the maximum length of the returned string.

Example: returns.

If the length parameter is negative, it specifies how many characters will be omitted from the end of the string.

Example: returns.

If the start parameter is negative, it specifies how many characters from the end should be returned. The length parameter, if present and positive, specifies the maximum length of the returned string from the starting point.

Example: returns.

#count
The #count function returns the number of times a given substring appears within the provided text.

#replace
The #replace function returns the given string with all occurrences of a search term replaced with a replacement term.

If the search term is unspecified or empty, a single space will be searched for.

If the replacement term is unspecified or empty, all occurrences of the search term will be removed from the string.

Currently the syntax doesn't provide a switch to toggle case-sensitivity setting. But you may make use of magic words of formatting as a workaround. (e.g. ) For example, if you want to remove the word "Category:" from the string regardless of its case, you may type:
 * Case-insensitive replace :

But the disadvantage is that the output will become all lower-case. If you want to keep the casing after replacement, you have to use multiple nesting levels (i.e. multiple replace calls) to achieve the same thing.

#explode
The #explode function splits the given string into pieces and then returns one of the pieces. La sintaxis es:

The delimiter parameter specifies a string to be used to divide the string into pieces. This delimiter string is then not part of any piece, and when two delimiter strings are next to each other, they create an empty piece between them. If this parameter is not specified, a single space is used. The limit parameter is available in ParserFunctions only, not the standalone StringFunctions version, and allows you to limit the number of parts returned, with all remaining text included in the final part.

The position parameter specifies which piece is to be returned. Pieces are counted from 0. If this parameter is not specified, the first piece is used (piece with number 0). When a negative value is used as position, the pieces are counted from the end. In this case, piece number -1 means the last piece. Examples:


 * returns
 * returns
 * returns
 * returns

The return value is the position-th piece. If there are fewer pieces than the position specifies, an empty string is returned.

#urldecode
converts the escape characters from an 'URL encoded' string back to readable text. The syntax is:

Notes:
 * This function works by directly exposing PHP's urldecode function.
 * A character-code-reference can be found at www.w3schools.com.
 * The opposite,, has been integrated into MediaWiki as of version 1.18; for examples, see.
 * urldecode was merged from Stringfunctions in 2010, by commit 1b75afd18d3695bdb6ffbfccd0e4aec064785363

Limits
This module defines three global settings:


 * $wgStringFunctionsLimitSearch
 * $wgStringFunctionsLimitReplace
 * $wgStringFunctionsLimitPad

These are used to limit some parameters of some functions to ensure the functions operate in O(n) time complexity, and are therefore safe against DoS attacks.

$wgStringFunctionsLimitSearch
This setting is used by #pos, #rpos, #replace, and #explode. All these functions search for a substring in a larger string while they operate, which can run in O(n*m) and therefore make the software more vulnerable to DoS attacks. By setting this value to a specific small number, the time complexity is decreased to O(n).

This setting limits the maximum allowed length of the string being searched for.

The default value is 30 multibyte characters.

$wgStringFunctionsLimitReplace
This setting is used by #replace. This function replaces all occurrences of one string for another, which can be used to quickly generate very large amounts of data, and therefore makes the software more vulnerable to DoS attacks. This setting limits the maximum allowed length of the replacing string.

The default value is 30 multibyte characters.

Substitución
Parser functions can be substituted by prefixing the hash character with :


 * → the code   will be inserted in the wikitext since the page exists.

Substitution does not work within ; you can use &hellip;  for this purpose.

Redirecciones
Especially   could be handy in  to pages including dates, but this does not work.

Escaping pipe characters in tables
Parser functions will mangle syntax and pipe characters, treating all the raw pipe characters as parameter dividers. To avoid this, most wikis used a template    :! with its contents only a raw pipe character, since MW 1.24 a  replaced this kludge. This 'hides' the pipe from the MediaWiki parser, ensuring that it is not considered until after all the templates and variables on a page have been expanded. It will then be interpreted as a table row or column separator. Alternatively, raw HTML table syntax can be used, although this is less intuitive and more error-prone.

You can also escape the pipe character for display as a plain, uninterpreted character using an HTML entity:.

Stripping whitespace
Whitespace, including newlines, tabs, and spaces, is stripped from the beginning and end of all the parameters of these parser functions. If this is not desirable, comparison of strings can be done after putting them in quotation marks.



To prevent the trimming of then and else parts, see m:Template:If. Some people achieve this by using &lt; &gt;  &lt; /nowiki &gt; instead of spaces.


 * → foofoo
 * → foofoo

However, this method can be used to render a single whitespace character only, since the parser squeezes multiple whitespace characters in a row into one.




 * || → || foofoo 
 * }

In this example, the  style is used to force the whitespace to be preserved by the browser, but even with it the spaces are not shown. This happens because the spaces are stripped by the software, before being sent to the browser.

It is possible to workaround this behavior replacing whitespaces with  (breakable space) or   (non-breakable space), since they are not modified by the software:


 * →  foofoo 
 * → foofoo

Beware that not all parameters are created equal. In ParserFunctions, whitespace at the beginning and end is always stripped. In templates, whitespace at the beginning and end is stripped for named parameters and named unnamed parameters but not from unnamed parameters:


 * → foofoo
 * → foofoo
 * → foofoo



Véase también

 * m:Help:Calculation
 * m:Help:Newlines and spaces
 * m:Help:Comparison between ParserFunctions syntax and TeX syntax
 * , an (incomplete) list of parser functions added by core and extensions.
 * , an (incomplete) list of parser functions added by core and extensions.
 * , an (incomplete) list of parser functions added by core and extensions.
 * Module:String obsoleting
 * Parser functions for Wikibase (the extensions that enables Wikidata): d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:How to use data on Wikimedia projects
 * Parser functions for Wikibase (the extensions that enables Wikidata): d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:How to use data on Wikimedia projects