Manual:Upgrading/es



Transferencia de archivos
Elige un método de transferencia de archivos:


 * wget
 * Copia segura con SCP o WinSCP
 * SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
 * Usando un cliente FTP.
 * The hosting company might provide a file manager interface via the web browser; check with your provider.
 * Some other method. There is a list of these at List of file transfer protocols

Pasos preliminares
Lee.


 * 1) Comprueba los requisitos
 * 2) Lee las notas de lanzamiento
 * 3) Realiza una copia de seguridad de los archivos existentes y de la base de datos
 * 4) Extrae los nuevos archivos
 * 5) Actualiza las extensiones
 * 6) Ejecuta el script de actualización para comprobar la base de datos
 * 7) Comprueba la actualización

Verifica los requerimientos
MediaWiki requiere:


 * PHP o posterior
 * MySQL o posterior (o MariaDB equivalente), PostgreSQL 8.3 o posterior,  SQLite 3.3.7 o posterior u Oracle 9.0.1 o posterior

Si estás usando PostgreSQL, lee también.

Para más información, lee y.

Lee las notas de lanzamiento
En el archivo comprimido de la instalación, o en los archivos obtenidos desde Git, encontrarás algunos archivos cuyos nombres se encuentran en mayúsculas. Uno de ellos contiene las notas de lanzamiento:  (wiki). Ahora es el momento de abrirlo y ver qué es lo que ha cambiado en esta versión.

Realiza una copia de seguridad de los archivos existentes y la base de datos

 * Instrucciones completas en: Manual:Backing up a wikiPese a que los scripts de actualización se mantienen en buen estado y son robustos, algo puede salir mal. Antes de proceder a actualizar la estructura de la base de datos, realiza una copia de seguridad completa del wiki, que incluya tanto la base de datos como los archivos:


 * El contenido del wiki, desde la base de datos (asegúrate que especificas correctamente el juego de caracteres, comprobando en LocalSettings.php). Puede ser una buena idea generar un volcado XML además de un volcado SQL de la base de datos.
 * MySQL, tanto el volcado SQL como XML se pueden usar para el comando :

mysqldump --user=wikidb_user --password=wikidb_userpassword wikidb > file.sql mysqldump --user=wikidb_user --password=wikidb_userpassword wikidb --xml > file.xml
 * PostgreSQL, volcado de base de datos para usar con el comando :

pg_dump --create -Fc wikidb > file.db.dump
 * SQLite, puedes usar un script de MediaWiki para crear la copia de seguridad:

php wikifolder/maintenance/sqlite.php --backup-to file
 * imágenes y otros archivos de medios (en contenido del directorio images, logo personalizado /skins/common/images/wiki.png)
 * archivos de configuración, como por ejemplo LocalSettings.php y .htaccess (si está presente)
 * archivos del programa MediaWiki, incluyendo todas las apariencias y extensiones, especialmente si has hecho modificaciones.

Usando un archivo comprimido
Puedes poner los nuevos archivos en su lugar usando FTP o por línea de comandos. Preferiblemente, usa la línea de comandos si tienes acceso a ella. Por línea de comandos es mucho más rápido que tener que subir uno a uno los miles de archivos que componen la instalación por FTP.

FTP o interfaz gráfica
Si no tienes acceso a la línea de comandos en tu servidor, descarga el paquete MediaWiki en tu PC y usa 7zip para extraerlo.

Una vez has extraído los archivos, usa tu cliente FTP preferido para subir los directorios y archivos al servidor.

Línea de comandos
Es posible que necesites ejecutar el comando como sudo si tu cuenta de usuario no tiene permisos para escribir en el directorio de instalación del wiki. Al extraer el paquete de MediaWiki normalmente se creará un nuevo directorio para la versión de MediaWiki, y tendrás que copiar los archivos de configuración anteriores y el directorio de imágenes desde el directorio donde se encuentra la instalación anterior: $ cd /path/to/your/new/installation/ $ wget releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki//mediawiki-.tar.gz $ tar -xvzf mediawiki-.tar.gz $ rm mediawiki-.tar.gz

Los usuarios de (Open)Solaris tienen que usar gtar, o:

$ gzip -dc mediawiki-.tar.gz | tar xf -

Otros archivos
Tras extraer los archivos, deberás copiar o mover algunos archivos y directorios desde el antiguo directorio de instalación al nuevo: Una vez hecho esto, convierte este nuevo directorio en el directorio publicado en el servidor, o renombra el directorio de instalación anterior y después renombra el nuevo para que coincida con el anterior.
 * , que contiene las opciones de configuración anteriores.
 * El directorio  (o   en versiones anteriores), que contiene todos los archivos subidos al wiki, salvo que hayas especificado un directorio de subida de archivos diferente, y cambia el propietario y los permisos.   y   (por ejemplo, si el usuario web es apache).
 * Algunas extensiones en el directorio . Debes obtener versiones actualizadas de las extensiones, no se garantiza que las versiones antiguas de extensiones funcionen con versiones más recientes de MediaWiki.
 * Si usas un logotipo personalizado, también necesitas recuperar este archivo de la copia de seguridad. Antes de la versión 1.24 normalmente se encontraba en . A partir de la versión 1.24 se encuentra en   o   si es donde escogiste dejarlos. Una vez hecho esto, añade en LocalSettings.php por ejemplo
 * Apariencias personalizadas en el directorio.
 * Cualquier modificación realizada a los anteriores archivos de instalación o extensiones.
 * Cualquier archivo .htaccess (si usas Apache y has definido alguna regla en ellos).

Usando Git
If using, export the files into a clean location, and then copy the old customized files into the new location as described in the previous section.

If you are upgrading to MediaWiki 1.25 or later, you will also need to install some external PHP libraries using Composer or a provided collection maintained for the Wikimedia wiki farm. More details on installing and updating external libraries can be found in the Git download documentation.

Usando un parche
Por cada lanzamiento menor normalmente se libera un archivo de parches. Descarga manualmente y extrae el archivo de parches desde el sitio de volcados o sigue las instrucciones con wget a continuación. Los archivos de parches son incrementales, por lo que no puedes saltarte ninguna versión.


 * 1) Cambia al directorio principal de MediaWiki (el que contiene LocalSettings.php).
 * 2) Descarga el archivo de parches y descomprímelo con gunzip.
 * 3) Usa   para comprobar qué se cambiará (ejemplo:  )
 * 4) Si todo va bien, ejecuta patch nuevamente sin.
 * 5) Comprueba Special:Version y deberías ver el nuevo número de versión en su lugar.

Archivos existentes que pueden causar errores
Si descomprimiste los archivos sobre el directorio existente de la versión anterior, algunos archivos pueden causar problemas en la nueva versión.

If you are not using profiling, but have a  file in the MediaWiki root folder, you may receive errors referring to. Deleting, or renaming, the  file will resolve this error. The  file, also in the MediaWiki root folder, can serve as a template should you enable profiling in the future.

MediaWiki 1.23 deprecates the skin autodiscovery mechanism of core skin files. After upgrading to this version, you should ensure that the old files,  ,   and   directly in the   directory as well as the according subfolders inside the   directory got removed. MediaWiki will log warnings if any of them are still found to help you remember. (You will also need to adjust any custom skins to follow a similar convention.) See for details.

MediaWiki 1.24 changes the paths of core skin files. After upgrading to this version, you should ensure that the old files,  ,   and   directly in the   directory are no longer present. See for details.

Actualiza las extensiones
Algunas extensiones han sido actualizadas para que funcionen con la nueva versión de MediaWiki. Asegúrate de actualizar a la última versión de estas extensiones. Puede que necesites realizar actualizaciones manualmente para algunas extensiones personalizadas.

Different tarballs include some subsets of extensions and have versioning which helps you upgrade choosing the right one for your MediaWiki core release.

Extension Distributor works well for most people who want a snapshot of extensions that will work with their supported versions of MediaWiki.

If you want a lot of extensions then downloading from Git is probably best.

Adapta tu LocalSettings.php
Si usas el mismo LocalSettings.php de la versión anterior, puede que necesites adaptarlo a lo que necesita la nueva versión.

Registro de apariencias
Desde MediaWiki 1.24, las apariencias incluidas como Vector, Monobook, Modern and CologneBlue ya no forman parte del núcleo de MediaWiki, y debes registrarlas explícitamente en LocalSettings.php para poder usarlas, en caso contrario MediaWiki mostrará un aviso indicando que no tienes ninguna apariencia instalada.

Esto es lo que debes añadir a LocalSettings.php cuando actualices desde una versión anterior a 1.24 y quieres tener disponible alguna de estas apariencias:

Este código es para MediaWiki 1.25 y posteriores. Para MediaWiki 1.24 necesitas usar este código:

Other skins may still not be adapted to the new skin registration system, so refer to the documentation page about each skin to see how to register it properly in case of problems.

Registro de extensiones
Desde MediaWiki 1.25, las extensiones usan un nuevo sistema de registro.

En versiones anteriores, tu LocalSettings.php</tt> incluiría algo como esto:

Esto puede convertirse en:

Las extensiones están siendo adaptadas para usar el nuevo sistema de registro. Las extensiones que aun no se han adaptado deben seguir usando el sistema anterior de instalación. Para más información, consulta las instrucciones de instalación en la página de cada extensión.

Otras variables
Algunas variables pueden quedar obsoletas o incluso ser quitadas. Normalmente, tenerlas aun en LocalSettings.php</tt> no tendrá efecto alguno. En nuevas versiones se pueden añadir nuevas variables, o cambiar el tipo de alguna variable existente. Intentamos usar valores por defecto adecuados para estas, y si se cambia el tipo de alguna variable intentamos que los valores anteriores sigan funcionando. En cualquier caso, revisa las notas de lanzamiento para ver estos cambios.

Ejecuta el "script" de actualización
You can upgrade the MediaWiki database in two ways: Either from the command line or from the web browser. If you have shell access to your server, upgrading from the command line is recommended, since this reduces the risk of the upgrade process being interrupted by a timeout or connection reset.

The script will also attempt to download any missing dependency which MediaWiki needs.

Línea de comandos
Access the command line of your server or an SSH shell or similar. You can access the command line by connecting to your server via SSH. If the local PC you are working on runs Microsoft Windows, you will need a tool like PuTTY to use SSH. From the command line or the Shell, change to the maintenance</tt> directory and execute the update script:

$ php maintenance/update.php On Linux if you get an error try performing same command as root ( sudo php maintenance/update.php ). Note for simple installations on Windows (e.g. with ): First make sure that your web server (such as Apache) and your database (such as MySQL) are running. Then run update.php: right-click it, select Open With, and browse to PHP.exe. The resulting command prompt window will likely autoclose when the schema upgrade completes.

You might see a message that your PHP version is too old and that MediaWiki needs a newer version. After that message the update aborts. Reason for this error is that the command line can use another PHP version than that one which you have when you execute MediaWiki from the web server. When you get this message you should check, if you can execute a newer PHP version on the shell by using a different command: That might e.g. be php5 or php56. If another version is available and - if so - under which name, depends on the setup of your server. If it does not work, ask your hoster; he will surely know.

MediaWiki will inspect the existing schema and update it to work with the new code, adding tables and columns as needed.

What to do in case of "ALTER command denied to user" error (or similar)
In case the scripts abort with a message similar to: Error: 1142 ALTER command denied to user 'wiki'@'localhost' for table 'mytable' (localhost) ERROR: must be the owner of the mytable relation This means that you should check that you have defined and  in your  file (in the main directory). These are the user and password needed by this script in order to access to the database.

What to do in case of "unexpected T_STRING" error
Individuals running update.php from the command line may encounter the following error: <pre style="overflow:auto;"> syntax error, unexpected T_STRING, expecting T_OLD_FUNCTION or T_FUNCTION or T_VAR or '}' \ in ~/maintenance/commandLine.inc on line 13 This error occurs when update.php is run from php4.

Individuals who have their site hosted by providers who provide both php4 and php5 should take the following steps:
 * 1) from the command line, enter the command 'whereis php5'
 * 2) once you have discerned the location of the php5 path, list the contents of php5/bin directory
 * 3) once you've determined the name of the php executable (either php or php5), type in the entire path to execute update.php

Abajo se muestra un ejemplo: <pre style="overflow:auto;"> $ whereis php5 $ ls -la /usr/local/php5/bin $ /usr/local/php5/bin/php update.php

What to do in case of 'register_argc_argv is set to false' error
Puedes encontrar el error: <pre style="overflow:auto;"> Cannot get command line arguments, register_argc_argv is set to false

<pre style="overflow:auto;"> register_argc_argv=true
 * 1) Ve a ~/maintenance. Edita el archivo 'php.ini', o créalo si no existe.
 * 2) Añade una línea así:
 * 1) Vuelve a ejecutar php update.php

Navegador web

 * Véase también 

If your database is already big and in high production usage, then you should not be using the Web updater, e.g. because the update process will time out when the maximum_execution_time is reached. In that case you should use update.php from the command-line interface (not from the web). What exactly is "too big" depends on your server (e.g. on its performance, the load and on how long the maximum execution time of PHP allows the script to run). If your wiki is too big for the web updater and your hosting provider does not allow command-line access, then you need to migrate your wiki to another hosting account, preferably to one that does have shell access.

It might happen that the web-updater does not seem to work: Instead of seeing the initial language selection screen, you might see an empty wiki page, possibly with some error message. In this case it is most likely that your webserver uses Rewrite Rules (most likely for short URLs), which do not show you the updater at mw-config/, but a wiki page at Mw-config/, with capital "M". In this case, rename the .htaccess file for the time of the update. Then you should be able to access the web-updater.
 * 1) Always backup before performing database maintenance.
 * 2) Navigate your webbrowser to /mw-config/</tt>. For example, if your wiki is at  http://example.org/w/index.php </tt>, then navigate to  http://example.org/w/mw-config/ </tt>.
 * 3) Select your language and click continue.
 * 4) The existing installation should be detected. Follow the instructions on the screen to upgrade it. If asked for the "upgrade key", open your  file and look for the key assigned to.

Test the update
Once the upgrade has been completed, browse to the wiki and check that the following operations work as expected:
 * Viewing pages
 * Editing pages
 * Uploading a file
 * Visit Special:Version and check that the version shown is correct and that the extensions are present.

Preguntas frecuentes
<section begin=FAQ />

¿Qué tan difícil es actualizar?
If the only file you have modified is, and you are upgrading from 1.5 or later, the process is very simple. The amount of human work involved is only a few minutes. The database schema changes will take an amount of time proportional to the size of your database — potentially hours for wikis with millions of pages, but for a more typical size of a few thousand pages, it is usually done in seconds.

Minor upgrades, within the same major version, say from 1.13.0 to 1.13.1, do not require any schema changes at all. You can just update the files. The database needs no update, hence it is not necessary to run the installer script.

Upgrading from 1.4 or earlier is potentially complicated because support for character sets other than UTF-8 was dropped, and the schema for storing bulk text changed. Please read the relevant section in the UPGRADE</tt> file.

Upgrading becomes difficult if you have modified our source code, and you don't want your changes to be overwritten. Tools such as diff, patch, Meld or WinMerge may be useful. There is also potential for trouble if you are using unmaintained extensions. Upgrade your extensions at the same time as you upgrade MediaWiki.

If you have modified the skin or use a custom skin you very likely will have to adjust it to work again with the new version of MediaWiki.
 * Instead of patching your "global" css and js (javascript) files everytime you can simply add the code to your MediaWiki:Common.js and MediaWiki:Common.css pages. As these are part of the database which will be reused when you upgrade, you will not have to patch the MediaWiki core files any more.

¿Cómo actualizo desde una versión muy antigua? ¿En uno o en varios pasos?
It depends: If you are upgrading from MediaWiki 1.4 or older, you should upgrade to MediaWiki 1.5 first. If you are upgrading from a Latin-1 wiki, use upgrade1_5.php (found in MediaWiki 1.5) to convert the relevant parts of the database to UTF-8 ( needs to be set to true in your for this to work). Next, run update.php, and then set the option in LocalSettings.php to the encoding previously used by the wiki (e.g. windows-1252). This is basically how Wikipedia and other Wikimedia Foundation sites were upgraded from MediaWiki 1.4 to 1.5 – see the relevant settings file (warning: huge page!) and some related notes at Wikitech. You may need to upgrade to MediaWiki 1.4 before running the upgrade1.5 script.

If you are upgrading from MediaWiki 1.5 or newer, you can upgrade in one step, from your old version to the latest stable version. The vast majority of reports, as well as automated testing, indicate that doing it in one step works just fine. If you have trouble believing this, read this mailing list post. However, please note that when you update from old versions, chances that you will encounter PHP errors are bigger than when you upgrade from the version directly previous to the new version. You would have received these errors anyway, also if you had not skipped versions, but if you had each time done each single update. Only will you - when you skipped versions - get them all at the same time. This will make the upgrade more difficult, but do not forget that you did not have the trouble updating to the intermediate versions, which you skipped!

If upgrading from a MediaWiki version below 1.19, you may need to add the sha1 field to the revision table manually before running the update script (see and a relevant support desk thread).

¿Debería hacer una copia de respaldo?
Respuesta corta: sí.

Long answer: It depends on a) how much you value your data, b) how hard it is to create a backup and c) how confident you are with MySQL maintenance and administration.

An upgrade failure may leave your database in an inconsistent state, in between two versions. A PHP or MySQL error might happen during upgrade leaving your database partly upgraded. In such situations it may be possible to somehow fix this problem with much manual work. However, it will be way easier to just put a database backup from before running update.php in place and to continue with that. Otherwise you might have hours of - needless - work.

Recovery is often complex. Volunteers on the support forums are unlikely to be impressed if you neglect to make a backup and then need help to recover from upgrade-related corruption. A better outcome is if you can revert to your backup, and then report the bug against the corresponding MediaWiki project in the upgrade process which caused the corruption.

¿Puedo conservar mi LocalSettings.php?
Yes, but you may have to make some minor changes. The format of is largely backwards compatible. Changes which break LocalSettings.php compatibility will be documented in the "configuration changes" section of the release notes.

¿Puede mi wiki seguir funcionando mientras se actualiza?
Generally yes, however Git may temporarily (for a few seconds) break it.

If you are upgrading between minor releases of MediaWiki, all you need to do is update the source files.

Note: the following assumes you have command line access. If you are upgrading between major releases of MediaWiki, the preferred procedure is as follows:
 * 1) Unpack the new version of MediaWiki into a new directory
 * 2) Prepare that new directory: copy your current LocalSettings.php from the old directory, copy any installed extensions and custom skins (if any).
 * 3) In the release notes for the new version, see if any changes need to be made to LocalSettings.php.
 * 4) Place the database in read-only mode by inserting the following variable into LocalSettings.php in the old directory - users will see this message if they attempt an edit during the upgrade process:
 * 5) Run the update script or the web updater in the new directory.
 * 6) Copy the images from the images sub-directory from the old directory to the new directory.
 * 7) Swap the old directory and the new directory.

¿Por qué actualizar?

 * ''Subscribe to mediawiki-announce to be notified of new releases.

Because it's usually easy enough, a single step from your version to latest and also via web.

Recent releases receive security fixes to keep your wiki and your host safe from vandals, while old releases don't (see ). That makes dozens good reasons to upgrade!

New major releases come with new features, which you might want to use: see the release notes for details. In case you need additional arguments to convince your bosses to let you upgrade from a pretty old version, here is a summary:


 * Since 1.5, edits can be previewed before saving also as diff.
 * Since 1.9, an undo button is available.
 * Since 1.12, patrolling on Special:NewPages is much easier.
 * Since 1.13, you can rename (move) files.
 * Since 1.14, you can fix double redirects automatically.
 * Since 1.16, is available.
 * If you have appropriate caching, since 1.17 optimizes pageload speeds a lot.
 * Since 1.17, category sorting makes sense! (especially for non-English letters); extended to 68 languages after 1.21.
 * Since 1.18 and 1.19, users of all languages and genders are correctly addressed by the interface and logs (before 1.15, no gender at all).
 * In 1.19 the skinning system was reworked making it easier to reuse parts of existing skins in your own skins.
 * Since 1.20, diffs are better readable.
 * In 1.21 and 1.23, email notifications become clearer and more predictable, making your wiki more effective.
 * Since 1.22, vandal fighting (patrolling) is less time-consuming.

See also the list of the most voted fixed issues on up to 2014.

Also, in MediaWiki 1.18 we started bundling some vital extensions, like a better editor and anti-vandalism tools ConfirmEdit and Nuke; more have been added in later releases. <section end=FAQ />

Véase también

 * Greg Sabino Mullane's Blog post provides some more detail about point release upgrades.
 * Project:Support desk if you need help or something went wrong
 * (if you don't have a successful backup)
 * (if you don't have a successful backup)
 * (if you don't have a successful backup)
 * (if you don't have a successful backup)