MediaWiki-Vagrant/zh





MediaWiki-Vagrant是一个轻便的MediaWiki开发环境. 它包含了一系列Vagrant和VirtualBox 的配置脚本，目的是使运行MediaWiki虚拟机的创建自动化. 由于配置是面向易于开发而不是安全，MediaWiki-Vagrant不建议公开访问维基.

用MediaWiki-Vagrant创建的虚拟机使得它易于学习，修改和完善MediaWiki的代码：有用的调试信息显示的是默认的，各种开发人员工具都是专门用来检查和与MediaWiki代码进行交互的，包括一个强大的调试器和交互式解释器. 最重要的是，因为配置是自动化的，并且包含在虚拟环境中，所以出错的东西很容易恢复.

系统需求

 * CPU：64位或32位（x86）处理器
 * 系统：Linux、macOS或者Windows
 * 内存：系统至少需要4GB的RAM，最好是8GB或更多，以便同时运行主机操作系统和虚拟机，不要尝试在只有2GB的RAM上运行，它最终会失败.
 * 磁盘：主驱动器上至少几千兆字节（Linux上的/home分区，Windows上的C盘）. 请特别注意：默认情况下，虚拟机磁盘镜像将储存在您的主目录下.
 * 网络：具有足够的带宽和活动的网络连接以下载Debian Linux更新和MediaWiki源代码.
 * 时间：20分钟至2小时，视情况而定，如果您有任何麻烦

快速入门
（如果要从USB发行版安装MediaWiki-Vagrant，请按照README中的步骤而不是前五个步骤进行操作. ）


 * 1) 获取Git
 * 2) （仅限Linux）安装NFS（如果尚未安装）. 在Ubuntu中，使用 . Fedora通常安装NFS，如果没有运行.
 * 3) 获取VirtualBox
 * 4) 获取最新版本Vagrant
 * 5) 获取代码并创建您的机器：
 * (这将克隆到您的用户主目录中. )
 * 出现提示时，输入Gerrit用户名（推荐），或按Enter.
 * 如果要使用发布分支而不是最新版本，可以使用 立即指定它
 * 1) 启用额外的MediaWiki功能，例如:
 * 2) 当Vagrant完成配置您的计算机后，執行指令 或浏览到 http://dev.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080/ 以查找您的MediaWiki实例.  可以用用户 Admin 和密码 vagrant 登录.
 * 1) 启用额外的MediaWiki功能，例如:
 * 2) 当Vagrant完成配置您的计算机后，執行指令 或浏览到 http://dev.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080/ 以查找您的MediaWiki实例.  可以用用户 Admin 和密码 vagrant 登录.
 * 1) 当Vagrant完成配置您的计算机后，執行指令 或浏览到 http://dev.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080/ 以查找您的MediaWiki实例.  可以用用户 Admin 和密码 vagrant 登录.
 * 1) 当Vagrant完成配置您的计算机后，執行指令 或浏览到 http://dev.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080/ 以查找您的MediaWiki实例.  可以用用户 Admin 和密码 vagrant 登录.

如果你是在 Windows 上运行
获取用于Windows的Git版本并在其Git Bash壳中运行 命令. 不要运行 ，而是从 外壳运行.

如果在Windows 10上使用与WSL Linux兼容的shell：使用 而不是 运行命令. 运行 而不是 ，这在Linux bash shell中不起作用.

运行Vagrant的帐户可能需要“创建符号链接”权限（以管理员身份运行的简单方法）.

启动故障排除
如果您的问题在此没有回答，建议在IRC询问，频道位于.

任何主机
您可能希望将终端中 vagrant up 的初始运行输出与sample进行比较. 初始设置可能需要很长时间，如果它似乎挂在某处但没有错误，只需给它一段时间. 例如：
 * 您可以尝试安装Linux发行版提供的VirtualBox和Vagrant版本. 如果你正在运行最近的Debian或Ubuntu，请尝试 sudo apt-get install virtualbox vagrant 来安装VirtualBox和Vagrant的软件包.
 * 如果您从 vagrant up 收到错误，请安装最新版本的VirtualBox和Vagrant.
 * 如果您遇到错误消息，如“无法打开文件$CLONED_REPOSITORY/trusty-cloud”，请尝试以下命令： vagrant up --provider=virtualbox
 * 如果你有任何木偶错误你可能需要初始化木偶子模块，在vagrant目录运行 git submodule update --init
 * 使用 http://127.0.0.1:8080/info.php 检查Apache/PHP是否已启动并正在运行.
 * 使用 http://127.0.0.1:8080/info.php 检查Apache/PHP是否已启动并正在运行.
 * 如果您收到有关您的VirtualBox Guest Additions版本错误的警告，您可以尝试安装vagrant-vbguest插件，该插件会自动更新它们.
 * Vagrant很少丢失与您的VM配对. 此主题讨论了解决它的一些方法（例如将旧的VM硬盘附加到新的配置文件）
 * 确保 存储库是最新的：
 * 确认你在BIOS启用了虚拟化技术. 有时该设置在安全设置中.
 * 确保您的语言编码设置为UTF-8. 如果你得到“US-ASCII中的无效字节序列”，请尝试（重新）将LANG和LC_ALL环境变量设置为合适的值.


 * 有时您可以通过运行 来修复损坏的安装（例如，“没有wiki被找到……”，这将重建虚拟机而不会重复耗费最多时间部分安装过程.

Windows相关

 * 如果您在Windows上并且“客户机器进入无效状态”-“关机”，请尝试下载4.3.15版本的VirtualBox（在Windows上存在4.3.14的已知问题）. 如果这没有帮助，请确保在BIOS中启用硬件虚拟化技术（VT-x或AMD-V）. 硬件虚拟化是必需的. 它不是可选的性能增强（有些笔记本电脑需要你移除电源线和电池30秒）.
 * VirtualBox不兼容于微软公司的Hyper-V.  如果你启用了Hyper-V，如果您已安装Visual Studio，则可能是默认值，尝试在VirtualBox中启动虚拟机时会遇到上述错误. 有三种可能性：
 * 在命令提示符下运行bcdedit / set hypervisorlaunchtype off关闭Hyper-V并重新启动. 要重新启用Hyper-V，请将其设置为“自动”而不是“关闭”
 * 通过“控制面板”中的“添加/删除Windows功能”禁用Hyper-V并重新启动. 这将使VirtualBox正常工作，但会阻止您使用任何Hyper-V VM，例如Windows Phone模拟器.
 * 或者，使用Hypeer-V进行Vagrant而不是VirtualBox. 这可能不稳定.

Mac相关

 * NFS错误为避免NFS错误，安装时确保防火墙接受连接：Apple>系统偏好设置>安全和隐私>防火墙>防火墙选项. 您需要取消选中“阻止所有传入连接”并可能还要检查“启用隐藏模式”以接受以下内容：netbiosd、nfsd、rpc.lockd、rpc.rquotad、rpcbind和VBoxHeadless. 请注意，在一对 期间，您可能需要重新启动计算机并将状态更改为“允许传入连接”. 安装后，您可以重新检查“阻止所有传入连接”和“启用隐藏模式”，因为防火墙规则已更新.
 * 或者你可以用  关闭NFS共享.

Debian 和 Ubuntu
MediaWiki-Vagrant 使用 NFS 与主机 (你的电脑)共享某些文件夹. 您需要设置计算机作为一台“NFS 服务器”. 在Debian上， sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server 将起作用，您可能还需要. '''请注意，如果没有 中的条目，Debian的NFS服务器将无法启动. ''' 如果 没有显示NFS服务正在运行，那么很可能会发生这种情况. 将您的主目录添加为 中的最后一行，然后 /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart 通常足以让您获得过了这个鸡蛋问题.
 * MediaWiki-Vagrant使用的NFS共享无法从加密目录运行，如果您在Ubuntu上运行并使用加密的主目录，则可能是这种情况. 要运行MediaWiki-Vagrant，您可以：
 * 在运行 之前，将MediaWiki-Vagrant目录移动到未加密的卷（例如 ）
 * 或者，您可以通过 关闭NFS共享
 * NFS设置似乎有时会卡住（初始 挂起“挂载NFS共享文件夹”）. 在主机上重新启动NFS守护程序会有所帮助（见#5802）.
 * 如果您收到端口转发错误，说明端口正在使用中，您可能需要打开虚拟机，完全删除虚拟机，然后重试.

Fedora

 * 如果 网络10.11.12.13不可用 运行 后，通过 禁用SELinux或修复SELinux设置.
 * 如果你得到 这个Vagrant管理的机器的提供商报告它还没有为SSH做好准备. 运行 之后，请确保显式设置提供程序，例如通过 后跟
 * 如果你得到 mount.nfs：mount到NFS服务器10.11.12.13：download-directory/vagrant'失败：RPC错误：无法接收 ，运行

基本用法
The vagrant command-line tool on the host machine provides several subcommands for controlling your virtual machine. You've already used one: vagrant up, which turns on the virtual machine. Like most vagrant subcommands, you need to run it from the MediaWiki-Vagrant directory or one of its children. When you first run it, Vagrant will fetch a system image and set up requisite software for running MediaWiki. This can take 1–2 hours of CPU and wall clock time on a broadband connection, but it only needs to happen once. When you run vagrant up in the future, it will simply boot up the machine.

vagrant ssh starts an interactive login shell on the virtual machine. It'll log you in as the user vagrant ; root access is available to via sudo, which is passwordless. Because the virtual machine is entirely sandboxed within your computer, it is configured for convenience, not security. As a rule, whenever you encounter a password prompt, the password is.

When you log in, you should see a colorful MediaWiki banner and a few reminders of useful commands.

The command phpsh will start an interactive PHP interpreter with MediaWiki's codebase already loaded. You can type in some code, hit 'enter', and the code will be evaluated immediately. If you start a line with '=', its computed value will be pretty-printed. Type ? for quick help or help start for additional instructions.

The  folder corresponds to the MediaWiki-Vagrant folder on your host machine, and its contents is shared. MediaWiki's code is installed in. This allows you to use your normal editor environment on your host machine to edit the MediaWiki code that runs on your virtual machine.

更新
使用 vagrant git-update 可以使您的git存储库，外部库和数据库架构保持最新. 此命令等同于运行
 * 1)  中的 git pull 以及所有扩展和皮肤目录
 * 2) composer update 以确保最新的Composer托管库可用
 * 3) 最后运行 脚本.

您还应偶尔（或在需要新功能时）更新MediaWiki-Vagrant本身， vagrant git-update 不包括在内. 运行：

...在您的MediaWiki-Vagrant根目录中. 这将在您运行时生效：

您可以在您執行 git pull 後立即或稍後執行該指令.

Log out of your virtual machine by typing logout or by pressing CTRL + D. Now that you're back in a standard command prompt, you can run vagrant halt to shut down the virtual machine and vagrant up to bring it back up. vagrant destroy will delete the virtual machine's files; this command is useful if you want to return your instance to a pristine state. (You'll need to follow up with vagrant up to provision a fresh instance.)

使用任务
MediaWiki-Vagrant sets up a basic MediaWiki instance by default, but it also knows how to configure a range of complementary software, including some popular MediaWiki extensions and their dependencies. These optional software stacks are collectively known as 'roles', and MediaWiki-Vagrant offers an easy and powerful command-line interface for managing them.

 $ vagrant roles list


 * 1) Display a list of available roles.

 $ vagrant roles enable role


 * 1) Turn on role for this machine.

 $ vagrant roles disable role


 * 1) Turn off role for this machine.

 $ vagrant provision


 * 1) After you are done enabling and/or disabling roles, run this to make the change take effect.

Watch a short screencast demonstrating how to use roles. Roles has more information about some roles.

If you add many roles, you may need to increase memory available to the Vagrant VM. In particular, setting up the "browsertests" role involves compiling the  ruby Gem which is a memory-hungry task; if it fails try freeing some memory in the VM or increasing its memory allocation.

See the section Authoring roles below if you're interested in adding roles to MediaWiki-Vagrant.

中央认证
There are some roles that require special attention, centralauth role does not run db migrations automatically via puppet and requires running those by hand. If you get errors on provisioning this role try to run this script on the extension and see the errors it outputs:

mwscript extensions/CentralAuth/maintenance/migrateAccount.php --username 'Admin' --auto

Once you get a more concrete error you probably need to know what migration you need to run from the ones here:

extensions/CentralAuth/db_patches

维基数据
A simple  would fail. Here is a complete set of commands to make the Wikidata role up and running.

$ vagrant up $ vagrant git-update $ vagrant ssh $ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade $ composer selfupdate --update-keys $ composer config --global process-timeout 9600 Log out from Vagrant, then you can happily run: $ vagrant roles enable wikidata $ vagrant provision

Note that the first provision may complain, thus looking like a failure. However, if you run a second provision, you will see that everything goes fine.

You may then point your browser to http://wikidata.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080/. To create a new wikidata item load http://wikidata.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080/wiki/Special:NewItem and to create a new property navigate to http://wikidata.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080/wiki/Special:NewProperty

How to import a Wikidata dump
The Vagrant command, which  , does not handle wikis other than the default one (see phab:T183274). You need to run the  script inside the Vagrant box.

Here is the procedure to import XML dumps.

$ mkdir wikidata_dumps $ cd wikidata_dumps $ wget https://dumps.wikimedia.org/wikidatawiki/latest/wikidatawiki-latest-pages-articles10.xml-p5264684p6341661.bz2 $wgWBRepoSettings['allowEntityImport'] = true;
 * download the  chunks. For instance:
 * enable the import of Wikibase entities (see phab:T72898). Append the following line to your :
 * the following BASH script can help you monitor the process. You can paste it in a  file. Note that the highlighted line calls the actual import script:

$ vagrant ssh $ cd /vagrant $ sudo chmod +x import_wikidata.sh $ ./import_wikidata.sh   $ tail -f wd_import.log
 * log into the Vagrant box and run the script. Debug messages should show up there:
 * you can follow the progress log from outside the Vagrant box:

本地MediaWiki核心拷贝
Sometimes you may want to start over from scratch by removing the entire vagrant directory or cleaning out the vagrant/mediawiki directory. In order to speed up the vagrant provisioning process, you may want to consider keeping a local, updated clone of the MediaWiki core that you copy into vagrant/mediawiki.

for example, assuming you are cloning MediaWiki repos into ~/projects/mediawiki/ :

Update cloned repos
Update the cloned repos as often as possible/necessary.

Or to update all cloned repos:

Vagrant reload
If you change configuration (e.g. vagrant_ram, your VM/MediaWiki web site freezes, or you experience a problem, vagrant reload may resolve it. This will restart your guest. Some roles also require a reload, which should happen automatically.

When to enable roles
Enable roles only once you've successfully run your first vagrant up.

Note that vagrant destroy will not reset the enabled roles. Be sure to disable all roles after running vagrant destroy, then run vagrant up. Then you can re-enable any roles and run vagrant provision.

Vagrant behind proxy
If you are behind a proxy, Vagrant might throw some errors. 您可以安装 vagrant-proxyconf. It’s a plugin that allows your virtual machine to use specified proxies. This is a quick set up guide. For a detailed documentation you may check here.

安装插件：

To configure proxy settings for all softwares on all vagrant VMs, add following lines to your  (default  ).

Replace the addresses with the ip and port number of your proxy server. Use the config.proxy.no_proxy option to list out all the sites/domains for which you might want to bypass proxy. For example,

Now when you run a vagrant up, there shouldn’t be any warnings.

To disable the plugin set config.proxy.enabled to false or empty string (""). You can also disable it for specific applications. For example,

MediaWiki-Vagrant prep
You may want to consider using a shell script such as mw-vagrant-prep to prepare a directory for a MediaWiki-Vagrant install.

准备
You can debug the provisioning process by running

PHP
You can debug PHP with Xdebug. Debugging in PHP is different from other client-side debugging. Your IDE listens for incoming connections, and when you access the server with a browser, a special header instructs PHP to connect to your IDE. See MediaWiki-Vagrant/Advanced usage for further information.

HHVM
See Manual:How to debug#HHVM for debugging under HHVM.

Chrome

 * For Chrome users, you should get XDebug Helper, and optionally Clear Cache, HTTP headers, and Mod Headers. Configure clear cache to automatically reload after clearing, and set up keyboard shortcuts (e.g. Ctrl+R for clear&reload, Ctrl+Shift+D to switch XDebugger on/off)

Firefox

 * Firefox users should check out easy Xdebug.
 * Install and configure an xdebug-compatible IDE on your machine (Eclipse, PhpStorm, Emacs, etc)
 * In IDE, start listening for the incoming debug connection
 * In IDE, set break point at the spot that interests you
 * Enable XDebug in the browser and navigate to your vagrant installation ( http://127.0.0.1:8080/... )

日志文件
The mediawiki logs can be found in /vagrant/logs. There are log files for Apache in /var/log/apache2/, but it seems they are not written to. There is a log file for HHVM in /var/log/hhvm/. The PHP notices, warnings, errors, uncaught exceptions are logged by HHVM to the syslog which you can see in /var/log/syslog. The MySQL query log can be obtained by issuing SET GLOBAL general_log = 'ON'; in a client and then looking at /var/lib/mysql/*.log.

运行并调试测试单元
To run the tests for ALL extensions:

To run unit tests for a single extension:

You can append path/to/tests/to/run.

Some tests may require running as the proper user to create lock files and such, hence this command runs as the "user"  that handles web requests.

For building coverage reports, see Manual:PHP unit testing/Code coverage#MediaWiki-Vagrant.

Debugging phpunit tests is a little more complex. This method is a bit hacky, but can be used until debugging remote interpreter improves (e.g. in phpStorm 8 EAP). This workaround lets you run MediaWiki unit tests from the browser.
 * Download phpunit.phar file to the root of your vagrant directory.
 * Create a php file  in the root of the   directory. Do not commit this file to the repository. Paste the following code into it:


 * 在上面的文件中将参数argv更改为测试文件的名称
 * Apache maps the root of the mediawiki directory to . So navigate to http://127.0.0.1:8080/w/unittest.php to run this file
 * Follow #Debugging instructions to attach your debugger

运行浏览器测试
参见.

This link is pointing to deprecated documentation, someone who knows more about testing MediaWiki should update:

推送更改
If you're using MediaWiki-Vagrant for development you'll probably want to push some commits to MediaWiki core or an extension's repository using git review. By default, all remotes point to the  URLs. To avoid overriding this on a case by case basis, run:

$ git config --global url."ssh:// @gerrit.wikimedia.org:29418/".insteadOf "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/"

You also need to have your ssh keys in.

我如何XXX？

 * 检查PHP版本和设置
 * http://127.0.0.1:8080/info.php


 * Edit LocalSettings.php?
 * First, check that there is no role ( vagrant list-roles ) that already does what you need. If not, create a file in  directory. See README and 00-debug.php-example file.


 * Update MediaWiki code?
 * The easiest is to use  from the host.  Or, to just update the code without dependencies, you can use regular git ,  , etc. commands in   and   directories. You can run these commands on the virtual machine, but the file access will be faster on the host machine. MediaWiki-Vagrant pulls code from git master when you initially set up and/or add a role, but doesn't automatically update code after that.


 * Run MediaWiki PHP interpreter
 * ssh to vagrant and run . You might need to run it with


 * Run MediaWiki SQL interpreter
 * ssh to vagrant and run . You might need to run it with

''NN packages can be updated. NN updates are security updates.'' In vagrant ssh:
 * Update virtual machine software packages?
 * does not update system packages in the VM. When you connect with vagrant ssh the login message will inform that you:
 * to update all packages, enter
 * for "automatic installation of security (and other) upgrades", similar to Cloud VPS instances, enter
 * to update to the same packages that are on production WMF servers... TODO


 * Customize Vagrant
 * You should never need to change Vagrantfile directly. There are several aspects of vagrant you can customize:
 * Core settings (git user, ports, ram, ip, port forwarding) can be customized via .settings.yaml file. See  and   for instructions. So for example you may run   to enable port forwarding from host:1234 to guest:80.
 * Perform additional steps after Vagrantfile load by creating a file called Vagrantfile-extra.rb and placing it in the same folder as Vagrantfile - it will be automatically loaded. In case of conflict, values in the 'extra' file will supersede values in this file. See example in support/ directory.


 * 添加自定义Puppet代码？
 * This is ideal if you want to work on your own MediaWiki site locally and let the MediaWiki-Vagrant install your dependencies for you. It's ideal if you have your own fork.  There is a distinction between a role and this use case. Roles are meant to be installed in any order and without breaking. If your fork needs different calls and get in trouble with roles, create your own class and call what you need, including roles.
 * To do so, place your custom puppet code in  with your own class, like so:

To apply your class, add it to the "classes" key in. You can create the file if it doesn't exist.

Then run  to apply the change via Puppet.


 * Update MediaWiki-Vagrant itself?
 * (For example, to use new roles.) In a terminal, change to the vagrant directory on the host computer and enter a regular git command such as . You will typically want to run   after updating to apply any new puppet changes to your virtual machine.


 * Run GUI applications on the virtual machine?
 * If you have an X server installed, SSH into the virtual machine using  to enable X forwarding. (Mac users should update to the latest version of XQuartz.)


 * As an alternative, you can run the virtual machine in GUI mode, which allows you to interact with the VM as though it had a physical display. To enable GUI mode, create a file called  in the root repository folder, with this as its content:


 * Save the file and run  followed by  . The virtual machine's display will appear in a window on your desktop.


 *  Adjust the resources allocated to the VM?
 * If you'd like to allocate more or less CPU / RAM to the VM, see  for instructions.

Alternatively, you can do it by creating Vagrantfile-extra.rb (see support/ dir for an example):


 * Change the editor used for git commit messages?

Go to Horizon, choose Web Proxies, and enter a DNS hostname, say View your new wiki at " http:// /wiki/ "
 * Setup a custom hostname?

Create a local.yaml file in the /vagrant/puppet/hieradata directory. In it, add: 运行.
 * Make the custom hostname point to homepage of my vagrant role instead of wiki homepage?


 * Run a branch of MediaWiki other than master?
 * Set the "" key in .  You can create the file if it doesn't exist.


 * Run MediaWiki under HHVM rather than Zend PHP?
 * To convert all wikis in your MediaWiki-Vagrant instance to HHVM:

MediaWiki设置
As an alternative to managing all MediaWiki settings in a single, large LocalSettings.php file, consider grouping your configurations by component or theme, and creating a separate PHP file in  for each group. This makes it quite easy to keep your settings organized, to temporarily disable specific configurations, and to share settings with others. MediaWiki will automatically load any PHP files in  in lexical order. You can control the order in which your configurations are set by adopting the habit of adding a two-digit prefix to each file name.

例如：

 settings.d/   ├── 10-RunFirst.php ├── 20-SomeExtension.php └── 99-RunLast.php Note that the settings files in  are automatically created and destroyed in response to your Puppet configuration. Don't put your custom settings there, because Puppet will erase or override them. Keep your custom settings files in  instead.

Vagrant flags
vagrant config --list display a list of all current Vagrant flags.

After the initial, in your vagrant directory, you can then set one of the vagrant flags that appears in the config list, e.g.

Job queue
If you're testing something that needs to churn the job queue, you may need to increase the number of job runners. Currently this is not available through LocalSettings.php, but must be set in the config file for the job runner.


 * 1) Open
 * 2) Change the value for the ' ' key from   to the desired value (say,  )
 * 3) Re-provision with
 * 4) Beware this will be a difference from the git master in your code

See instructions above for adjusting CPU core count appropriately (highly recommended for CPU-bound task such as video transcoding).

Additional storage space
By default, there is relatively little free space on the root partition within the VM. If you plan to test uploading and processing of large image and video files, this may be insufficient.

Manual steps:
 * Shut down the VM
 * Open VirtualBox Manager
 * Select the VM and go into Settings
 * Under Storage, select "Controller: SATA" and click the "Add hard disk" icon.
 * Select the default disk image type.
 * Name the disk 'VagrantImageSpace' or similar, and give it enough space (say, 80GB) -- by default the file will start small and expand to actual usage, so give as much space as you might need
 * Close out the dialogs and restart the VM
 * Run  to get a shell inside the terminal
 * Run  to set up new partitions...
 * Type,  ,  , and hit (enter) twice for default size
 * Type  to save the partition table
 * Run  to create the filesystem
 * Run  to edit the mounts list
 * Add line at end:
 * save out
 * Run  to mount the filesystem
 * Run  to set the file permissions
 * Exit the shell
 * Reboot the VM

程序编写任务
The virtual machine created by MediaWiki-Vagrant resembles Wikimedia's production environment in key respects, and it uses the same tool—Puppet—that Wikimedia's technical operations team uses to manage production servers and Wikimedia Cloud VPS instances. Puppet is a configuration management tool that provides a domain-specific language for expressing software configurations in a declarative fashion. Files containing Puppet code are called 'manifests'. When Puppet runs, it interprets the manifests you feed it and configures the machine accordingly. A Vagrant role is a set of Puppet manifests.

MediaWiki-Vagrant's Puppet codebase contains abstractions that make it easy to automate the configuration of MediaWiki extensions and related software. If you are a developer working on a software project that relates to MediaWiki, you are encouraged to submit a patch with a Puppet role for your project. Adding a Vagrant role for your project makes it easy for other developers to check out your work. Using a managed virtual machine as a development sandbox for your project reduces the chance of "works-on-my-machine" errors that often result from geographically remote developers working in incompatible environments.

The easiest way to get started with custom roles is to look at how existing roles are implemented in. These roles depend on Puppet modules in  (usually,   translates to a call to  ) and use files and templates from the other   directories. The Puppet code is generally well-documented and contains examples that demonstrate its proper usage.

Some of the more useful puppet modules are:
 * mediawiki::extension: install and configure an extension (example)
 * mediawiki::import::text: create a documentation or test page on the wiki (example: declaration, page)
 * mediawiki::import::dump: import a wiki dump (example)
 * require_package: install a system package (example)
 * exec: execute a shell command (example)

在云VPS上设置实例
You can use MediaWiki-Vagrant in Cloud VPS to install MediaWiki on a Wikimedia Cloud VPS instance and enable MediaWiki-Vagrant roles in it.

错误
If you spot a bug in MediaWiki-Vagrant, please report it. First, make sure the bug is not a known Vagrant or VirtualBox bug by searching the Vagrant issue tracker on GitHub and the VirtualBox bugtracker. If it is not, go ahead and submit the bug to Wikimedia Phabricator. Clearly describe the issue and include steps to reproduce, whenever possible.

链接

 * Project page on Ohloh
 * MediaWiki-Vagrant on GitHub
 * Issue tracker on Phabricator
 * HHVM/Vagrant steps necessary to enable the hhvm role on older MediaWiki-Vagrant installs
 * Bash commands needed for quick start on Ubuntu
 * Bash commands needed for quick start on Ubuntu