Help:Tables


 * For the article on the database table structure of Mediawiki, see: Manual:Database layout

Tables may be authored in wiki pages using either XHTML table elements directly, or using wikicode formatting to define the table. XHTML table elements and their use are well described on various web pages and will not be discussed here. The benefit of wikicode is that the table is constructed of character symbols which tend to make it easier to perceive the table structure in the article editing view compared to XHTML table elements. As a general rule, it is best to avoid using a table unless you need one. Table markup often complicates page editing.

Wiki table markup summary

 * The above marks must start on a new line except the double  and   for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line. However, blank spaces at the beginning of a line are ignored.
 * XHTML attributes. Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space.
 * Cells and caption ( or ,   or  , and  ) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe . Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
 * Table and row marks ( and  ) do not directly hold content. Do not add pipe  after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it and your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
 * Content may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headings, or nested tables, must be on its own new line.
 * Escaping to insert a pipe character into a table use the &lt;nowiki&gt; markup

Basics
The following table lacks borders and good spacing but shows the simplest wiki markup table structure.

{| cellspacing="0" border="1" !style="width:50%"|You type !style="width:50%"|You get


 * }

The cells in the same row can be listed on one line separated by  (two pipe symbols).

Extra spaces within cells in the wiki markup, as in the wiki markup below, do not affect the actual table rendering.

{| cellspacing="0" border="1" !style="width:50%"|You type !style="width:50%"|You get


 * }

Table headers
Table headers can be created by using " " (exclamation mark) instead of " " (pipe symbol). Headers usually show up bold and centered by default.

{| cellspacing="0" border="1" !style="width:50%"|You type !style="width:50%"|You get


 * }

Caption
A table caption can be added to the top of any table as follows.

XHTML attributes
You can add XHTML attributes to tables. For the authoritative source on these, see the W3C's HTML 4.01 Specification page on tables.

Attributes on tables
Placing attributes after the table start tag applies attributes to the entire table.

{| cellspacing="0" border="1" !style="width:50%"|You type !style="width:50%"|You get


 * }

Attributes on cells
You can put attributes on individual cells. For example, numbers may look better aligned right.

You can also use cell attributes when you are listing multiple cells on a single line. Note that the cells are separated by, and within each cell the attribute(s) and value are separated by.

{| cellspacing="0" border="1" !style="width:50%"|You type !style="width:50%"|You get


 * }

Attributes on rows
You can put attributes on individual rows, too.

{| cellspacing="0" border="1" !style="width:50%"|You type !style="width:50%"|You get


 * }

HTML colspan and rowspan
You can use HTML colspan and rowspan attributes on cells for advanced layout.

{| cellspacing="0" border="1" !style="width:50%"|You type !style="width:50%"|You get


 * }

With HTML attributes and CSS styles
CSS style attributes can be added with or without other HTML attributes.

{| cellspacing="0" border="1" !style="width:50%"|You type !style="width:50%"|You get 


 * }

Attributes can be added to the caption and headers as follows.

{| cellspacing="0" border="1" !style="width:50%"|You type !style="width:50%"|You get 


 * }

Negative numbers
If you start a cell on a new line with a negative number with a minus sign (or a parameter that evaluates to a negative number), your table can get broken, because the characters  will be parsed as the wiki markup for table row, not table cell. To avoid this, insert a space before the value or use in-line cell markup.

CSS vs Attributes
Table borders specified through CSS rather than the border attribute will render incorrectly in a small subset of text browsers.