Help:Export/vi

Các trang wiki có thể được xuất ở định dạng đặc biệt XML để nhập tải vào tiến trình cài đặt MediaWiki khác (nếu chức năng này được bật trên wiki đích và người dùng là một bảo quản viên ở đó) hoặc sử dụng ở một nơi nào khác làm ví dụ để phân tích nội dung. See also m:Syndication feeds for exporting other information but pages and on importing pages.



Cách xuất
Có ít nhất bốn cách để xuất các trang:

chỉ hoạt động trên MediaWiki 1.5 hoặc mới hơn. Bạn cần có quyền truy cập trực tiếp vào máy chủ để chạy tập lệnh này. Bản sao lưu của các dự án Wikimedia thường xuyên được cung cấp tại https://dumps.wikimedia.org/.
 * Dán tên của các bài viết vào hộp văn bản trong Đặc biệt:Xuất hoặc sử dụng.
 * Tập lệnh sao lưu  nén tất cả các trang wiki vào tệp XML.
 * Lưu ý: bạn có thể cần cấu hình AdminSettings.php để chạy dumpBackup.php thành công. Xem m:MediaWiki để biết thêm thông tin.
 * Có một giao diện OAI-PMH để thường xuyên lấy các trang đã được sửa đổi kể từ một thời điểm cụ thể. Đối với các dự án Wikimedia mà công cụ này không được hiển thị công khai; xem . OAI-PMH contains a wrapper format around the actual exported articles.
 * Use the Pywikibot framework. This won't be explained here.

By default only the current version of a page is included. Optionally you can get all versions with date, time, user name and edit summary. Optionally the latest version of all templates called directly or indirectly are also exported.

Additionally you can copy the SQL database. This is how dumps of the database were made available before MediaWiki 1.5 and it won't be explained here further.

Using 'Special:Export'
To export all pages of a namespace, for example.

Get the names of pages to export
I feel an example is better because the description below feels quite unclear.

( This relies on tabs between the page names; these are typically the result of the fact that the page names are inside td-tags in the html-source. ) Remove all and  tags and replace all  tags to   and  tags to   the html will then be parsed into the needed format.
 * 1) Go to Special:Allpages and choose the desired article/file.
 * 1) Copy the list of page names to a text editor
 * 1) Put all page names on separate lines
 * 1) You can achieve that relatively quickly if you copy the part of the rendered page with the desired names, and paste this into say MS Word - use paste special as unformatted text - then open the replace function (CTRL+h), entering ^t in Find what, entering ^p in Replace with and then hitting Replace All button.
 * 1) The text editor Vim also allows for a quick way to fix line breaks: after pasting the whole list, run the command :1,$s/\t/\r/g to replace all tabs by carriage returns and then :1,$s/^\n//g to remove every line containing only a newline character.
 * 1) Another approach is to copy the formatted text into any editor exposing the html.
 * 1) If you have shell and mysql access to your server, you can use this script:

mysql -umike -pmikespassword -hlocalhost wikidbname select page_title from wiki_page where page_namespace=0 EOF

'' Note, replace mike and mikespassword with your own. Also, this example shows tables with the prefix wiki_ ''


 * 1) Prefix the namespace to the page names (e.g. 'Help:Contents'), unless the selected namespace is the main namespace.
 * 1) Repeat the steps above for other namespaces (e.g. Category:, Template:, etc.)

A similar script for PostgreSQL databases looks like this:

$ psql -At -U wikiuser -h localhost wikidb -c "select page_title from mediawiki.page"

'' Note, replace wikiuser with your own, the database will prompt you for a password. This example shows tables without the prefix wiki_ and with the namespace specified as part of the table name. ''

Alternatively, a quick approach for those with access to a machine with Python installed:

Some wikis may have more pages than will fit on one screen of AllPages; you will need to save each of those pages. You may wish to pipe the output to a file; e.g.  to send it to a file named "main".
 * 1) Go to Special:Allpages and choose the desired namespace.
 * 1) Save the entire webpage as index.php.htm.
 * 1) Run export_all_helper.py in the same directory as the saved file.
 * 1) Save the page names output by the script.

Perform the export

 * Go to Special:Export and paste all your page names into the textbox, making sure there are no empty lines.
 * Click 'Submit query'
 * Save the resulting XML to a file using your browser's save facility.

and finally...

Scroll to the bottom to check for error messages.
 * Open the XML file in a text editor.

Now you can use this XML file to perform an import.

Exporting the full history
Exporting the revision history may be desirable to retain authorship information and attribution. A checkbox in the Special:Export interface selects whether to export the full history (all versions of an article) or the most recent version of articles. A maximum of 100 revisions are returned; other revisions can be requested as detailed in.

Export format
The format of the XML file you receive is the same in all ways. It is codified in XML Schema at https://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10.xsd This format is not intended for viewing in a web browser. Some browsers show you pretty-printed XML with "+" and "-" links to view or hide selected parts. Alternatively the XML-source can be viewed using the "view source" feature of the browser, or after saving the XML file locally, with a program of choice. If you directly read the XML source it won't be difficult to find the actual wikitext. If you don't use a special XML editor "<" and ">" appear as &amp;lt; and &amp;gt;, to avoid a conflict with XML tags; to avoid ambiguity, "&amp;" is coded as "&amp;amp;".

In the current version the export format does not contain an XML replacement of wiki markup (see Wikipedia DTD for an older proposal). You only get the wikitext as you get when editing the article.

DTD
Here is an unofficial, short Document Type Definition version of the format. If you don't know what a DTD is just ignore it.

Processing XML export
Many tools can process the exported XML. If you process a large number of pages (for instance a whole dump) you probably won't be able to get the document in main memory so you will need a parser based on SAX or other event-driven methods.

You can also use regular expressions to directly process parts of the XML code. This may be faster than other methods but not recommended because it's difficult to maintain.

Please list methods and tools for processing XML export here:


 * Parse MediaWiki Dump (crates.io) is a Rust crate to parse XML dumps.
 * Parse Wiki Text (crates.io) is a Rust crate to parse wiki text into a tree of elements.
 * Parse::MediaWikiDump is a perl module for processing the XML dump file.
 * m:Processing MediaWiki XML with STX - Stream based XML transformation
 * The m:IBM History flow project can read it after applying a small Python program, export-historyflow-expand.py.

Details and practical advice

 * To determine the namespace of a page you have to match its title to the prefixes defined in
 * Possible restrictions are
 * - protected pages

Why to export
Why not just use a dynamic database download?

Suppose you are building a piece of software that at certain points displays information that came from Wikipedia. If you want your program to display the information in a different way than can be seen in the live version, you'll probably need the wikicode that is used to enter it, instead of the finished html.

Also if you want to get all of the data, you'll probably want to transfer it in the most efficient way that's possible. The Wikimedia servers need to do quite a bit of work to convert the wikicode into html. That's time consuming both for you and for the Wikimedia servers, so simply spidering all pages is not the way to go.

To access any article in XML, one at a time, link to:

Special:Export/Title_of_the_article



Xem thêm

 * Data portability on English Wikipedia
 * Data portability on English Wikipedia
 * Data portability on English Wikipedia
 * Data portability on English Wikipedia