Help:Templates/ca

Si teniu textos estàndard que voldríeu incloure en diverses pàgines, la funció de plantilles MediaWiki entra en joc.

Creació
Les plantilles són pàgines wiki estàndard amb un contingut dissenyat per a ser transclòs a l'interior d'altres pàgines. Les plantilles segueixen una convenció en que el nom té el prefix " ", assignant-lo a aquest espai de noms; a més d'això, podeu crear-les com qualsevol altra pàgina wiki.

L'ús més simple de plantilles és el següent. Si creeu una pàgina anomenada ''Plantilla:Benvinguda" que contingui:

Hola! Benvinguts al wiki.

haureu creat la vostra primera plantilla! Si a continuació, inseriu el codi:

en qualsevol altra pàgina, quan aquesta pàgina es vegi el text "Hola! Benvinguts al wiki." apareixerà en lloc de. El contingut de la plantilla serà "transclòs" en l'altra pàgina, és a dir, que serà integrat a la pàgina.

A continuació, podeu inserir  en qualsevol punt de qualsevol pàgina en la qual desitgeu donar la benvinguda a algú. Suposem que s'utilitza en 100 pàgines. Si a continuació, canvia el contingut de la plantilla per:

Ei! Benvingut/-da a aquest meravellós wiki.

i tornar a visitar alguna de les 100 pàgines en què es va utilitzar la plantilla, veurà el nou text en lloc de l'original. D'aquesta manera, s'ha canviat el contingut de 100 pàgines sense editar, ja que la plantilla esta transclosa en aquestes pàgines.

Aquest és el mecanisme bàsic. Hi ha diverses característiques addicionals de transclusió que enriqueixen aquest mecanisme i fer les plantilles molt útils.

Ús
Les plantilles poden ser utilitzats en altres pàgines en les següents formes:


 * - com es descriu més amunt, l'enllaç serà reemplaçat de forma dinàmica el contingut actual de Plantilla:Nom en el moment en què es carrega la pàgina amb l'enllaç de la plantilla. L'enllaç es mantindrà sense canvis en la font de la pàgina.
 * - quan s'utilitza aquest enllaç de plantilla, serà reemplaçat una vegada per totes amb el contingut de Plantilla:Nom a partir del moment en què es desa la pàgina amb l'enllaç: una còpia de la contingut de Plantilla:Nom serà substituït per l'enllaç de la plantilla. El contingut és llavors una part de la pàgina, incloent, i es poden editar amb normalitat, per separat dels originals. Nota: els canvis en la pàgina de la plantilla d'origen no es propagaran a la pàgina amb l'enllaç de la plantilla.
 * — això es va introduir per permetre la substitució que no es trenqui la transclusió, mireu w:en:Help:Substitution.
 * inclou la plantilla en una forma que la mostra com la sintaxi del wiki primera (la forma  fa) quan la pàgina que la conté està desgavellada.

De fet, una pàgina wiki ordinària també es pot utilitzar com a plantilla, simplement especificant l'espai de noms que on s'està, per la qual cosa:


 * inclou
 * inclou
 * inclou
 * es reemplaça amb el contingut de

Si no hi ha tal espai de noms, el títol complet se suposa que és una plantilla:


 * inclou

Paràmetres
Per enriquir el mecanisme de transclusió, MediaWiki permet paràmetres que es passen a una plantilla quan es transclou. Els paràmetres permeten que la plantilla tingui continguts diferents o diferents comportaments.

Suposeu que voleu inserir una petita nota d'agraïment a la pàgina de discussió d'altres usuaris, com ara:

The thank you note will have a reason (in this case, "all your effort") and a signature ("Me"). Your objective is that any user is able to thank any other user, for any reason whatsoever.

So that the note will look similar everywhere it is used, you can define a template called Template:Thankyou, for example. Although the note should look similar whenever a user thanks another user, its specific contents (i.e. the reason and the signature) will be different. For that reason, you should pass them as parameters. If we ignore the remaining elements to format the box and place the image, the core content of the template will be this:

A little thank you... for. hugs,

Notice the use of  and. This is the way to identify, within templates, the parameters that will be passed in when the template is used. Note that, within the template, each parameter is surrounded by three braces:. This is different from normal template name usage.

When using the template on a page, you fill in the parameter values, separated by a "pipe" character. MediaWiki allows parameters to be passed to the template in three ways: Anonymously, Numbered, and Named.

Paràmetres anònims
To pass in anonymous parameters, list the values of those parameters sequentially:

In this case, the  template receives parameters   and , producing:

The order in which anonymous parameters are passed in is crucial to its behavior. Reversing the order of the parameters, like so:

would produce this result:

Note: identifying parameters by order (with, etc) works only with anonymous parameters. If your page identifies any parameter by number or name, as shown below, this method will no longer be available to the template which receives them.

Paràmetres numerats
To pass in parameters by number, identify each parameter when passing it:

This time, template  receives parameters   and , though they have been supplied in inverse order, and produces:

Paràmetres amb nom
The third way of passing parameters is by name, instead of numbers. In this case, the template contents would be changed to:

A little thank you... for. hugs,

Within the template, we use  and   to identify each parameter, instead of a number. To pass these parameters by name, identify each parameter when passing it:

In this case, template  receives parameters   and   and produces:

The advantage of using named parameters in your template, besides also being flexible in the order parameters can be passed, is that it makes the template code much easier to understand if there are many parameters.

Valors per defecte
If you transclude a template that expects parameters, but do not provide them, in this way:

in the numbered parameters example above you would get the following:

Since no parameters were passed in, the template presents the parameters themselves, instead of their respective values. In these cases, it may be useful to define default values for the parameters, i.e. values that will be used if no value is passed in. For example, if the template contents are changed to:

A little thank you... for. hugs,

then  defines that if no parameter   is provided, then the value   will be used. Similarly,, defaults parameter   to value. Now, transcluding the template again without passing any parameter, results in the following:

Control de la inclusió de la plantilla
By default, a template's content is displayed in its entirety, both when viewed directly and when included in another page. However, you can control which parts of a template will be seen and included by the use of the  and   tags.

Anything between  and   will be seen only when the template's page is being viewed directly, but not when it is included in another page. This is useful when you want to include text or code in a template that you do not want to propagate to any pages which include it, such as:


 * Category links when categorizing the template itself
 * interlanguage links to similar templates in other languages
 * Explanatory text about how to use the template

Likewise, anything between  and   will be processed and displayed only when the page is being included, but not when the template page is being viewed directly, and is useful in situations such as:


 * Categorizing pages which include the template. Note: when changing the categories applied by a template in this fashion, the categorization of the pages which include that template may not be updated until some time later: this is handled by the . To force the re-categorization of a particular page, open that page for editing and save it without changes.
 * Ensuring that the template's code is not executed when viewing the template page itself. Typically this is because it expects parameters, and its execution without parameters has an undesired result.

Everything outside  and   tags is processed and displayed normally; that is, both when the template page is being viewed directly and when the template is included in another page.

Organització de les plantilles
For templates to be effective, users need to find them, and find out how to use them.

To find them, users can:
 * 1) Click ' > '
 * 2) In the ' list, choose Template and click '.

To give usage information, include an example like this one on the template page:

Usage
Welcome users:

Then, an editor can simply copy and paste the example to use the template.

Còpia d'un wiki a un altre
Templates often require CSS or other templates, so users frequently have trouble copying templates from one wiki to another. The steps below should work for most templates.

Codi de MediaWiki
If you have import rights (Specifically importupload) on the new wiki:
 * 1) Go to Special:Export on the original wiki, and download an .xml file with the complete history of all necessary templates, as follows:
 * 2) * Enter the name of the template in the big text box, e.g. "Template:Welcome". Pay special attention to capitalization and special characters — if the template name isn't exactly correct, the export may still occur but the .xml file will not have the expected data.
 * 3) * Check the box "".
 * 4) * Uncheck the box "".
 * 5) * Click "".
 * 6) Go to Special:Import on the new wiki and upload the .xml file.

If you don't have import rights on the new wiki:


 * 1) Go to the template you want to copy from the original wiki. Go to the edit page, and copy all the wikitext
 * 2) On the new wiki, go to the page with the same name as the template you copied. Hit create/edit and paste the wikitext you copied. In the edit summary of each template, link to the original page for attribution.
 * 3) Back in the original wiki at the edit window, below the edit box, look at the list of "Templates used on this page". For each template listed follow these instructions. Also do that for any template used by any of these templates, and so on.

This will copy the entire code necessary, and will suffice for some templates.

Extensions
An extension often used in templates is ParserFunctions. Visit page and check if any of the functions listed there are used in the templates you've copied. If so, you have to install the. To install it, you'll need system admin access to the server of your MediaWiki installation.

Another dependency that may be used in templates, especially those on Wikipedia, is Lua. Having  in template code is a good sign for it. In case it's used, you need to install the and system admin access is required too. See that page for more instructions about installing and using the extension.

CSS i codi JavaScript
Besides MediaWiki code, many templates make use of CSS and some rely on JavaScript to work fully. If the copied templates are not behaving as expected, this may be the cause. To copy the required CSS and JavaScript to your wiki you'll normally need to have admin privileges, because you'll be editing system messages in the "MediaWiki:" namespace.


 * 1) Look for the use of CSS classes (text like  ) in the template text. If those classes appear in "MediaWiki:Common.css" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.css" on the original wiki, copy them to "MediaWiki:Common.css" on the new wiki and check if the template is now fine.


 * 1) If the copied template is still not working as expected, check if there is code in "MediaWiki:Common.js" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.js" on the original wiki. If so, you can try copying it to "MediaWiki:Common.js" on the new wiki. Normally, it is a good idea to only copy code from trusted sources, and first browsing the code to identify and select the parts that are relevant. You may find comments that can serve as clues to identify the functionality of each part.

Vegeu també

 * Special:MyLanguage/Help:External searches – a template special use case example
 * Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words – fancy stuff you may find in some templates
 * Special:MyLanguage/Help:Parser functions in templates
 * – contains a much more thorough manual on how exactly templates function
 * – describes even more advanced techniques such as dynamic template calls and variable variables
 * – embedding pages from namespaces other than.