Help:CirrusSearch

CirrusSearch is a new search engine for MediaWiki. The Wikimedia Foundation is migrating to CirrusSearch since it features key improvements over the previously used search engine, LuceneSearch.

This page describes the features that are new or different compared to the past solutions.

Frequently asked questions
If your question is not answered here, feel free to ask on the talk>Help talk:CirrusSearch|talk page and someone will answer it for you.

What's improved?
The new search engine features three main improvements over the old search engine, namely:


 * Better support for searching in different languages.


 * Faster updates to the search index, meaning changes to articles are reflected in search results much faster.


 * Expanding templates, meaning that all content from a template is now reflected in search results.

Updates
Updates to the search index are done in near real time.

You should be able to search for your changes as soon as you make them.

Changes to templates should take effect in articles that include the template in a few minutes.

The templates changes use the job queue, so performance may vary.

A purge>Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Purge|null edit to the article will force the change through, but that shouldn't be required if everything is going well.

Search suggestions
The search suggestions you get when you type into the search box that drops down candidate pages is substantively the same with articles sorted by the number of incoming links.

Worth noting is that if you start your search with ~ we won't find any articles as you type and you can safely hit enter at any time to jump to the search results page.

ASCII/accents/diacritics folding is turned on for English text, but there are some formatting problems with the result. See [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52656 52656].

Full text search
Full text search (the kind that lands you on the search results page) searching in title, redirects, headings, and article text so it shouldn't present any surprises. The big change here is that templates are expanded.

Stemming
There is support for dozens of languages, but all languages are wanted.

There is a list of currently supported languages at [http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-lang-analyzer.html elasticsearch.org]; see their [http://www.elasticsearch.org/contributing-to-elasticsearch/ documentation on contributing] to submit requests or patches.

Filters (intitle:, incategory: and linksto:)


We've tightened up the syntax around these quite a bit.


 * intitle:foo
 * Find articles whose title contains foo. Stemming is enabled for foo.
 * intitle:"foo bar"
 * Find articles whose title contains foo and bar. Stemming is enabled for foo and bar.
 * intitle:foo bar
 * Find articles whose title contains foo and whose title or text contains bar.
 * -intitle:foo bar


 * Find articles whose title does not contain foo and whose title or text contains bar.
 * intitle: foo bar
 * Syntax error, devolves into searching for articles whose title or text contains intitle:, foo, and bar.
 * incategory:Music
 * Find articles that are in Category:Music
 * incategory:"music history"
 * Find articles that are in Category:Music_history


 * incategory:"musicals" incategory:"1920"
 * Find articles that are in both Category:Musicals and Category:1920
 * -incategory:"musicals" incategory:"1920"
 * Find articles that are not in Category:Musicals but are in Category:1920
 * cow*
 * Find articles whose title or text contains words that start with cow
 * linksto:Help:CirrusSearch
 * find articles that link to a page
 * -linksto:Help:CirrusSearch CirrusSearch
 * find articles that mention CirrusSearch but do not link to the page Help:CirrusSearch

prefix:
The prefix: syntax in its current form is relied upon for a great deal of functionality so it's been recreated as exactly as possible.


 * prefix:cow
 * Find articles in the content namespaces whose title starts with the word "cow".
 * domestic prefix:cow
 * Find articles in the content namespaces whose title starts with the word "cow" and that contain the word "domestic".
 * domestic prefix:Cow/
 * Find all sub-pages of the article "Cow" in the content namespaces that contain the word "domestic". This is a very common search and is frequently built using a special URL parameter called.


 * domestic prefix:Talk:Cow/
 * Find all sub-pages of the talk page "Talk:Cow" in the talk namespace that contain the word "domestic".
 * cow prefix:Pink Floyd/
 * Find all sub-pages of the article "Pink Floyd" in the content namespaces that contain the word "cow". The space is now insignificant.

Note that the old rule of having to put prefix: at the end of the query still applies.

Special prefixes

 * Find articles whose text is most similar to the text of the given articles.
 * Find articles in the talk namespace whose title or text contains the word foo
 * Find articles in the talk namespace whose title or text contains the word foo
 * Find articles in the talk namespace whose title or text contains the word foo


 * Find articles in the file namespace on this wiki and commons whose title or text contains the word
 * You can add  to the query (like  ) to remove the results from commons
 * You can add  to the query (like  ) to remove the results from commons
 * You can add  to the query (like  ) to remove the results from commons

Did you mean
"Did you mean" suggestions are designed to notice if you misspell an uncommon phrase that happens to be an article title. If so, they'll let you know. They also seem to suggest more things than they ought to sometimes.

Prefer phrase matches
If you don't have too much special syntax in your query we'll give perfect phrase matches a boost. I'm being intentionally vague because I'm not sure exactly what "too much special syntax" should be. Right now if you add any explicit phrases to your search we'll turn off this feature.

Fuzzy search
Putting a ~ after a search term (but not double quotes) activates fuzzy search. You can also put a number from 0 to 1 to control the "fuzziness" fraction, e.g. nigtmare~.9 or lighnin~.1 or lighnin~0.1. Closer to one is less fuzzy.

Phrase search and proximity
Surrounding some words with quotes declares that you are searching for those words close together. You can add a ~ and then a number after the second quote to control just how close you mean. The proper name for this "closeness" is "phrase slop". The default "phrase slop" is 1.

Quotes and exact matches
Quotes turn on exact term matches. You can add a ~ to the quote to go back to the more aggressive matcher you know and love.

prefer-recent:
You can give recently edited articles a boost in the search results by adding "prefer-recent:" to the beginning of your search.

By default this will scale 60% of the score exponentially with the time since the last edit, with a half life of 160 days.

This can be modified like this: "prefer-recent:,".

proportion_of_score_to_scale must be a number between 0 and 1 inclusive.

half_life_in_days must be greater than 0 but allows decimal points.

This number works pretty well if very small.

I've tested it around .0001, which is 8.64 seconds.

This will eventually be on by default for Wikinews, but there is no reason why you can't activate it in any of your searches.

hastemplate:
You can find pages that use a certain template by adding the filter  to the search. We provide for the usual "syntactic sugar" of template calls. This means the lenient pagename and fullpagename capitalization works, and the main namespace abbreviation, ":" works. For example to find which articles transclude Quality image the full search can be:, and for that same template name in the main namespace, this works. You can omit the quotes if the template title does not contain a space. will filter pages that do not contain that template.

For wikitext that calls a template directly, you can use insource:, but hastemplate: searches the "post-expansion inclusion", so hastemplate: can find a template acting only temporarily as a "secondary template" or "meta-template", which are seen in neither the source nor content, ( but only included as a helper to any other template producing the final content). All content from a template is now reflected in search results is still the relevant philosophy here.

boost-templates:
You can boost pages' scores based on what templates they contain. This can be done directly in the search via  or you can set the default for all searches via the new   message. replaces the contents of  if the former is specified. The syntax is a bit funky but was chosen for simplicity. Some examples:


 * Find files in the China category sorting quality images first.
 * Find files in the China category sorting quality images first.


 * Find files in the China category sorting quality images first and low quality images last.
 * Find files in the China category sorting quality images first and low quality images last.


 * Find files about popcorn sorting quality images first and low quality images last. Remember that through the use of the  message this can be reduced to just.
 * Find files about popcorn sorting quality images first and low quality images last. Remember that through the use of the  message this can be reduced to just.

Don't try to add decimal points to the percentages. They don't work and search scoring is such that they are unlikely to matter much.

A word of warning about : if you add really really big or small percentages they can poison the full text scoring. Think, for example, if enwiki boosted featured articles by a million percent. Then searches for terms mentioned in featured articles would find the featured articles before exact title matches of the terms. Phrase matching would be similarly blown away so a search like  would find a featured article with those words scattered throughout it instead of the article for Brave New World.

Sorry for the inconsistent  in the name. Sorry again but the quotes are required on this one. Sorry also for the funky syntax. Sorry we don't try to emulate the template transclusion syntax like we do with.

insource:
will search text just in the wikitext. This will pick up template parameter names, URLs in link tags, etc. It has two flavors:
 * and
 * These work pretty similarly to  or regular content search in that they are fast but ignore punctuation.


 * and
 * These run Regular expressions against the page wikitext. They aren't efficient and we only allow a few of them to run at a time on the search cluster, but they are very powerful. The version with the extra  runs the expression case insensitive, and is even less efficient.


 * Tip: Instead of running insource: searches directly, these return much much faster if they always run on filtered results, such as:
 * Regex characteristically need to be honed before being released in the wild. To sharpen a new /regex/ for a wiki-side search, simply start with an intitle: filter of an article-space pagename, or for any other namespace, such as your user sandbox, use a prefix: filter on a fullpagenames. In article space a prefix: search works just as well, but its syntax is less intuitive, because prefix: must go after, but it still filters firstly.
 * Regex characteristically need to be honed before being released in the wild. To sharpen a new /regex/ for a wiki-side search, simply start with an intitle: filter of an article-space pagename, or for any other namespace, such as your user sandbox, use a prefix: filter on a fullpagenames. In article space a prefix: search works just as well, but its syntax is less intuitive, because prefix: must go after, but it still filters firstly.
 * Regex characteristically need to be honed before being released in the wild. To sharpen a new /regex/ for a wiki-side search, simply start with an intitle: filter of an article-space pagename, or for any other namespace, such as your user sandbox, use a prefix: filter on a fullpagenames. In article space a prefix: search works just as well, but its syntax is less intuitive, because prefix: must go after, but it still filters firstly.
 * Regex characteristically need to be honed before being released in the wild. To sharpen a new /regex/ for a wiki-side search, simply start with an intitle: filter of an article-space pagename, or for any other namespace, such as your user sandbox, use a prefix: filter on a fullpagenames. In article space a prefix: search works just as well, but its syntax is less intuitive, because prefix: must go after, but it still filters firstly.


 * If the regexp contains whitespace, you must either backslash-escape each space character,, or put everything after insource: in quotes,  . The metacharacters   must be backslash-escaped or escaped by virtue of being in a character class in square brackets like   or  , or else they have their usual metacharacter meaning. See the [http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl-regexp-query.html#regexp-syntax explanation of the syntax] and the [http://lucene.apache.org/core/4_8_1/core/org/apache/lucene/util/automaton/RegExp.html Lucene grammar for regular expressions].


 * For example, to find usage of a template called Val with an unnamed parameter of four-digits having a possible minus sign and, on the same page, Val with a named parameter "fmt=commas":

Auxiliary Text
Cirrus considers some text in the page to be "auxiliary" to what the page is actually about. Examples include table contents, image captions, and "This article is about the XYZ. For ZYX see ZYX" style links. You can also mark article text as auxiliary by adding the  class to the html element containing the text.

Auxiliary text is worth less than the rest of the article text and it is in the snippet only if there are no main article snippets matching the search.

Lead Text
Cirrus assumes that non-auxiliary text that is between the top of the page and the first heading is the "lead in" paragraph. Matches from the lead in paragraph are worth more in article ranking.

Commons Search
By default when the search contains the file namespace, Cirrus will search commons as well.

You can disable this behavior by adding  to the search.

If you are using a namespace prefix to select the namespace the syntax looks like.

If you aren't using a namespace prefix to select the namespace then the syntax looks like.