Manual:Wiki family

This page should lead you through the installation and configuration of a small wiki-family.

Scenario 1: Using Virtual Directories with shared-hosting provider to Display Multiple Wikis
This approach takes advantage of symlinks on a Unix-based system. This technique can also be used on Windows systems by installing a program providing symbolic links.

How to use "virtual directories" to operate more than one wiki on a single server, using the same source code (i.e. single set of MediaWiki files), using the same database, on a Unix-based system on a shared host:

See the solution, including step-by-step, detailed instructions: http://www.steverumberg.com/wiki/index.php?title=WikiHelp_-_Method_One

Note that using a language subdomain similar to Wikipedia (en.example.com, fr.example.com and so on) will allow you to produce the capabilities of the above link's Method 2 while providing a simple differentiation of the two wikis through the use of a web server's virtual host capability.

Scenario 2: Passing a Parameter to Index.php to Display Multiple Wikis
How to display different wikis by simply passing a parameter to the index.php file. Allows you to operate more than one wiki on a single server, using the same source code (i.e. single set of MediaWiki files), using the same database, on any system, including a shared host:

See the solution, including step-by-step, detailed instructions: http://www.steverumberg.com/wiki/index.php/WikiHelp

Inspired in part by Scenario 3, below.

For Dummies
Step-by-step instructions for folks who don't know PHP/MySQL: Building two wikis from one MediaWiki instance

You are invited to share your experience/comments/suggestions at my talk page.

Scenario 3: Quick set-up
You want to install more than one wiki on a single server, using the same source code (i.e. single set of MediaWiki files), and using the same database?


 * 1) Install prerequisites.
 * 2) Upload MediaWiki files to web folder on the webserver.
 * 3) From browser, browse to the uploaded folder (for example, if your web server is running as   and MediaWiki files were uploaded to   folder, then the URL would be  ) which will lead to a page which gives a link to Please set up the wiki first. Click the link, fill-in the setup form, and install the first wiki (e.g., MyWiki). For details, see Manual:Config script.
 * 4) After successful installation, move LocalSettings.php into the root directory of your wiki and rename it in such a way to make it easy to track (e.g., myWikiLocalSettings.php)
 * 5) Repeat step three and four above for each wiki you wish to create, creating a new LocalSettings.php file for each wiki (e.g., anotherWikiLocalSettings.php, etc.)
 * 6) If two or more separately installed wikis are to be merged to operate out of files of the main wiki, then after renaming and moving each of your LocalSettings.php files to the main wiki folder, change the variable $wgScriptPath in the each of the LocalSettings.php files to point to the main wiki's folder.
 * 7) Create a LocalSettings.php file for your global settings, then select one from the two possibilities below:


 * 1: If you have different domains/subdomains that link to one directory on your server, use this:
 * To link your subdomains to one directory on your server, you may have to edit the configuration file for your server (can not be done with a  file, try changing   there in Apache web server setup) or, if your site has its own IP address, modify the DNS configuration for your site.


 * OR 2: If your wikis are in different directories (e.g.,   etc) linked to the main wiki directory on your server (say  ), use this:


 * If the function strpos finds the string you search for at the beginning of $callingurl, then the function returns 0 (i.e. it found the string starting at position zero) therefore, you need to change  to.


 * If you use Short URL with the second case (directory based wikis), you need to check the two directories:, to symlink the sources , and adapt.


 * You should use "strpos == 1" or similar instead of plain strpos to avoid redirecting to wrong wiki when the url contains the name after the beginning

You can use a different unique MySQL database for each wiki (see $wgDBname) OR you can use a different table prefix for each wiki (for Postgres, you can achieve a similar effect by using different schemas) (see $wgDBprefix).

It may also be useful to simply redirect any unrecognized wiki URL to the "main" url, instead of "This wiki (in blah) is not available. Check configuration."

Updating wikifarm from the commandline
This method requires the $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"] to be present to run maintenance/update.php - which of course it isn't, from the commandline. This can be overcome by creating a simple php script, "update_subdomain.php" (All of this is done in the mediawiki base install directory): You can now run the code with:


 * It seems to not be possible to run the update script multiple times from the same php script (ie. in a loop), as the runs after the first don't recognise the changed $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']. (Perhaps try setting the dependent variables directly, as in ?) This can be overcome by creating a bash script to run the php script multiple times (called "update_wikifarm.sh"):

Change the subdomain prefixes to suit your wikifarm, then Make the script executable, and run it:

Scenario 4: Drupal-style sites
As above, this setup allows you to install more than one wiki on a single server, using the same source code. This setup has the advantage of being completely transparent to users and reasonably secure in terms of the images directory.


 * Create a base directory to contain all your MediaWiki files e.g.,.
 * Install MediaWiki and additional tools as usual to a version-declaring subdirectory(e.g., /home/web/mediawiki/mediawiki-1.10.0).
 * Link the version-declaring directory to a code directory. e.g.,
 * Create a sites directory to contain our images and settings:
 * Setup the wiki as normal from the /code directory.
 * After successful installation, move LocalSettings.php into a sites directory that will be a match when the site is checked. For example, to capture http://mysite.com/mywiki, one would create the directory mysite.com.mywiki. e.g., . See the Drupal's settings.php file for more information on this.
 * If you intend to use media files, create an images directory in your site directory. e.g., . Make it writable as necessary.
 * Place the Drupal-style LocalSettings.php file in your main directory:
 * Modify your LocalSettings.php to point to the right places. The following modifications deserve special attention:

 ServerAdmin me@myserver.com DocumentRoot /home/web/wiki.mysite.com ServerName wiki.mysite.com CustomLog /var/log/apache2/wiki.mysite.log common # Alias for Wiki so images work Alias /images /home/web/mediawiki/sites/wiki.mysite.com/images # If you want to password protect your site #  #   AuthType Basic #   AuthName "My protected Wiki" #   AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/htpasswd/users-mywiki #  require valid-user #  
 * Prepare your Apache 2 installation. Example site: wiki.mysite.com
 * ln -s /home/web/mediawiki/code /home/web/wiki.mysite.com
 * Create an appropriate VHost configuration:

The site should now work. In my case, I made another copy of the code from which to install and update my LocalSettings.php and databases.

Scenario 5: Multiple wikis sharing common resources
You want to have some wikis in different languages, sharing the same media-files in another, single wiki.

For example:


 * en.yourwiki.org - English language
 * fr.yourwiki.org - French language
 * de.yourwiki.org - German language
 * pool.yourwiki.org - media-files for all of these wikis (like Commons).
 * As there is already an Interwikilink named commons for Wikimedia Commons, we name our media-files-wiki "pool".
 * Think before being creative; if you call your media-files-wiki something like "media" (e.g. media.example.com), it might collide with internal namespaces and nomenclature for embedded media files ( [[media:file.ext]] ).

Install
On your filesystem, create a folder for each wiki. Run the install script for each wiki.

(This solution duplicates source code. You may wish to replace the include, skin, language and extension directories for non-pool installations with symbolic links to the pool's directories [rm -r include && ln -s pooldir/include etc.] to improve cache performance.)

Interwiki
Now you have to set Interwikilinks between all wikis, by editing their MySQL-Databases (if you prefer, install and use Extension:Interwiki)
 * Table Interwiki
 *  iw_prefix - enter the language-code of the wikis, "de" for German, "en" for English, "fr" for French and "pool" for the mediapoolwiki
 *  iw_url - this is the place for the complete URL to the wikis, e.g. " http://de.yourwiki.org/index.php/$1 " for the German wiki (don't forget the "$1" !).

Now you can link an article to the same in another languages. Adding Hauptseite on your English Main_Page will create a link "Deutsch" (under the Navigation bar) which leads to the Main_Page of the German wiki (Hauptseite). For further information visit Help:Interwiki linking

Upload
Make sure that folder "images" of the pool-wiki is writable.

It is useful to change the "Upload file"-Link of the language-wikis to point to poolwiki's upload-site. Open the "LocalSettings.php" of each language-wiki and add:

Use shared files
To use poolwiki's files in the languagewikis, open "LocalSettings.php" for each languagewiki and add:

Now you can integrate pool's files with (e.g.) in the languagewikis.

Image description
In each languagewiki, open (as an admin) the message MediaWiki:Sharedupload.

Change the text to something like: This file is stored in our data-pool. For information and description, please visit the

description there. (And note the ':' at the beginning of the line, which stops 'pool' from being included in the interwiki list at the left of the page.)

If you want to output the media-description, stored in the PoolWiki, too, add to the "LocalSettings.php" of the languagewikis:

Shared Settings
If you have multiple wikis, you'll probably want to share similar settings across them all. Here is how to do that. We recommend that you separate your Extension settings into a different file than your other settings, as detailed below. They can be all put into one large file, but it's not as flexible depending upon your specific needs.

Here is an example directory structure if you do all of the following: en/ es/ pl/ ja/ pool/ ExtensionSettings.php WikiFamilySettings.php SharedMediaSettings.php

Extension Settings

 * Step 1
 * Create a file called ExtensionSettings.php with the following contents, and place it in a location similar to the example above.
 * Step 2
 * Edit the LocalSettings.php file of each wiki that you want to use the shared settings, and add the following.
 * Step 3
 * Now just add all the references to your various extensions

Wiki Family Settings
These are settings that you want to apply to the entire wiki family. For example, maybe you want to be able to easily put all the wikis into read-only mode at the same time. You can also store the username/password for the database(s), if they are all the same. Additionally, you could control user permissions across your entire wiki from this one file.

Note: If you use a Images/Media commons or pool, we recommend that you not put these settings in the WikiFamilySettings.php file. That information only applies to every wiki in your wiki family other than your repository. We recommend putting it in a separate file.

Scenario 6: Multiple wikis through RewriteRules
This approach is based on the work of Mizanur Rahman (see Boolean Dreams Article and it has elements in common with above. Follow steps 1-5 in  to setup the individual wikis. Then modify the LocalSettings.php file for each wiki along the lines:

Wiki 1 Local Settings File:

Similarly for Wiki 2 Local Settings File:

You'll also need a master file, along the lines described in step 7 of to choose the appropriate local settings file for wiki1 or wiki2 based on a url.

Finally, in the .htaccess file you need RewriteRules to map the article urls to standard wiki urls and non-article urls to the folder containing the wiki source. Assuming the wiki source is installed in '/w/', .htaccess would be something like:

Fix for Maintenance Scripts
Maintenance scripts run directly, not via a url so the RewriteRules won't provide a suitable url for the master LocalSettings.php file to $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"] or $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']. To work around this, use a separate global varible to offer an alternate selection method and define the variable on the command line when calling maintenance scripts. A suitable master LocalSettings.php would be something like:

Then, when running a maintenance script, such as importImages.php from the command line:

Here the -d switch modifies the auto_prepend_file setting in php.ini to execute a file before the importImages.php script. This file sets the global variable to select the wiki:

Or we can detect which wiki family member we are serving, and eliminate a separate AdminSettings.php file at the same time, in the (drum roll)...

Ultimate minimalist solution
The ultimate minimalist solution consists of symlinks, $ ls -og lrwxrwxrwx 1 16 2008-11-03 06:29 aaa.example.org -> mediawiki lrwxrwxrwx 1 16 2008-11-03 06:29 bbb.example.org -> mediawiki lrwxrwxrwx 1 16 2008-11-03 06:29 ccc.example.org -> mediawiki Let's see a real example of. In real life we must deal with the slight differences in the names and databases of the sites we manage. Above, we first see if we can detect which wiki we are serving from $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']. Then we turn to looking in $_SERVER['PWD']. This sequence should even correctly detect we are serving bbb in the case of $ cd aaa/maintenance; ...; php ../../bbb/maintenance/bla.php Lastly, we tell maintenance scripts our URL, as all they can guess is localhost. What wiki we are serving is now firmly established, and we go on to customizations for the different wikis.

As you can see, we can dig the URL out of the paths because that's where it is on our wikis. Your wikis may be set up differently.

Note we still individually do database related tasks, e.g., $ php aaa.example.org/maintenance/update.php

(Occasionally there are places where something writing to disk assumes there is only one wiki: 11654.) Upgrading is simple if one tracks SVN.

Images
Unless you do not allow uploads or allow them only for your pool wiki, you will need to create separate image directories and alias them in your vhost configuration:, and in aaa.example.org's vhost: . Same for bbb and ccc.

However you may instead just prefer Manual:Image Administration, where *.example.org/images/ just point to the same single directory. Or one could use e.g., *.example.org/$wgDBname/images/.

Adding new wikis
To add a wiki to a production
 * 1) add its configuration to your web server
 * 2) temporarily comment out the  check of config/index.php and then run it
 * 3) merge the config/LocalSettings.php produced into LocalSettings.php
 * 4) add some pages

Removing old wikis
To remove a wiki from a production
 * 1) remove its configuration from
 * 2) web server
 * 3) LocalSettings.php
 * 4) DROP DATABASE

Wiki Farmer Extension
see Extension:Farmer

Wikimedia Method
Another option is using the method that the Wikimedia Foundation uses. The rough steps are listed below. This method isn't for the faint of heart, but it has fairly good results, as can be seen by the success the Wikimedia Foundation has had by using this :-)  Configure a template copy of MediaWiki through the online configuration wizard. Edit the Main Page if you want a default main page for every wiki you create on your farm. After that, export your database with, phpMyAdmin, etc. Save this on your server in the maintenance/ directory as something like  . Now, write up a few quick scripts to create a new wiki. In a gist, you'll need to add it to a list of wikis, which can be flat-file based or MySQL/SQLite based, and then import the template database dump back into the database under the name of a new wiki. Use a standard suffix after the new database name (i.e. if the wiki is meta.yourdomain.net, then you might choose metawiki as the database name). In your configuration file, add something like this, fixing the database prefix and your domain as necessary:  Configure your DNS with a wildcard A record, and apache with a server alias (like ) and you should be in business.</li> </ol>

You'll probably want to fix some scripts like maintenance/update.php so that you can specify a database name as a command line argument. You'll also need to fix the upload directories unless you want every wiki to use the same files. As said above, this is probably one of the hardest methods to do, and it requires more technical experience, but it can give really good, clean results.