Help:CirrusSearch/ja

CirrusSearch （シーラスサーチ）は MediaWiki 向けの新しい検索エンジンです. 古い検索エンジン LuceneSearch と比較して重要な改良点があり、ウィキメディア財団は CirrusSearch へ移行しました. このページでは、新しくなった点や変更点を説明します.

よくある質問
あなたの質問への回答がここで見つからない場合は、遠慮なくトーク ページでお尋ねください. 誰かがお答えします.

改良点
この新しい検索エンジンには、古い検索エンジンと比較して、主に以下の 3 つの改良点があります:


 * さまざま言語での検索への対応を改善
 * 検索インデックスの更新の高速化. これにより記事に加えられた変更が大幅に高速に検索結果に反映されるようになります.
 * テンプレートの展開. これにより、内容のうちテンプレートに入っている部分がすべて検索結果に反映されるようになります.

更新
検索インデックスへの更新はほぼリアルタイムで適用されます. 変更を行うとすぐに、それを検索できるようになるはずです. テンプレートへの変更は、そのテンプレートを参照読み込みしている記事に反映されるまでに数分かかるはずです. テンプレートへの変更はジョブ キューを使用するため、パフォーマンスは変化する場合があります. A null edit to the article will force the change through, but that shouldn't be required if everything is going well.

検索候補の提案
The search suggestions you get when you type into the search box that drops down candidate pages is substantively the same with articles sorted by the number of incoming links. Worth noting is that if you start your search with ~ we won't find any articles as you type and you can safely hit enter at any time to jump to the search results page.

ASCII/accents/diacritics folding is turned on for English text, but there are some formatting problems with the result. See 52656.

全文検索
ページ名、リダイレクト、見出し、記事の本文を検索する、全文検索 (検索結果ページへ導くような機能) には、驚くような変更点はまったくありません. この機能の大きな変更点は、テンプレートが展開されることです.

語幹解釈
この機能は多言語で提供されていますが、すべての言語での対応が望まれています. There is a list of currently supported languages at elasticsearch.org; see their documentation on contributing to submit requests or patches.

絞り込み (intitle:、incategory:、linkesto:)


We've tightened up the syntax around these quite a bit.


 * intitle:foo
 * foo をタイトルに含む記事を検索します. 語幹解釈は有効です.
 * intitle:"fine line"
 * fine line の文字列をタイトルに含む記事を検索します. 語幹解釈は有効です（The finest (lines) はヒットしますが、The finest ever lines はヒットしません）.
 * intitle:foo bar
 * foo をタイトルに含み、かつ、bar をタイトルまたは本文に含む記事を検索します.
 * -intitle:foo bar
 * foo をタイトルに含まず、かつ、bar をタイトルまたは本文に含む記事を検索します.
 * incategory:Music
 * Category:Music に入っている記事を検索します.
 * incategory:"music history"
 * Category:Music_history に入っている記事を検索します.
 * incategory:"musicals" incategory:"1920"
 * Category:Musicals と Category:1920 の両方に入っている記事を検索します.
 * -incategory:"musicals" incategory:"1920"
 * Category:Musicals には入っておらず、Category:1920 に入っている記事を検索します.
 * cow*
 * cow から始まる語をタイトルまたは本文に含む記事を検索します.
 * linksto:Help:CirrusSearch
 * Help:CirrusSearch にリンクしている記事を検索します.
 * -linksto:Help:CirrusSearch CirrusSearch
 * CirrusSearch に言及しながらも、Help:CirrusSearch にリンクしていない記事を検索します.

prefix:
The prefix: syntax in its current form is relied upon for a great deal of functionality so it's been recreated as exactly as possible.

Note that the old rule of having to put prefix: at the end of the query still applies.

morelike:
照会を使えるのは入力する記事から文節を選んだときで、その文節で照会をかけます. 動作を調整するには、検索結果の URL に以下のパラメータを追加します: これらの設定を永続化するには Help:システムのメッセージ の   を無効にする.
 * 指定した記事と文章がもっとも似たものを探す.
 * Find articles about stinging insects.
 * Find templates about regex searching for template usage on the wiki.
 * Find articles about stinging insects.
 * Find templates about regex searching for template usage on the wiki.
 * Find templates about regex searching for template usage on the wiki.
 * : 文書 (分割データベースごと) で、判断に必要な用語を 1 つ要求するときの最小値.
 * : 文書 (分割データベースごと) で、判断に必要な用語を 1 つ要求するときの最大値.
 * : 判断する用語の最大値.
 * : 判断すべき docの入力について用語が出現する最小値. フィールドが小さい場合は . 既定値は必ず 1.
 * : 判断すべき用語の長さの最小値. 既定値は 0.
 * : 単語を無視する場合の上限値. 既定値は無限 (0).
 * (コンマで区切った値のリスト): これらをフィールドとして使用. 許容フィールドは  、 、 、 、   および.
 * ( | ): 使用はフィールドデータに限定.   既定値: システムは   の内容からフィールドを抽出、照会を作成.
 * : 一致する用語のパーセント. 既定値は 0.3 (30 percent).
 * 例:

名前空間
A search domain consisting of one namespace can be specified at the beginning of a query. Two or more namespaces may be set at the search results page, Special:Search, in the Advanced dialog. This can be set for the query, or for the user's default search domain. Enter a namespace name, or enter, or enter a colon    for mainspace.

Namespace aliases are accepted. For the File namespace,  is accepted.


 * Find articles in the Talknamespace whose title or text contains the word "foo".
 * Find articles in the File namespace on this wiki and commons whose title or text contains the word "foo".
 * Add  to the File namespace query to remove the results from commons.
 * Find articles in the File namespace on this wiki and commons whose title or text contains the word "foo".
 * Add  to the File namespace query to remove the results from commons.
 * Add  to the File namespace query to remove the results from commons.

You cannot use an interwiki prefix as a namespace to search other projects.

もしかして
"Did you mean" suggestions are designed to notice if you misspell an uncommon phrase that happens to be an article title. If so, they'll let you know. They also seem to suggest more things than they ought to sometimes.

Prefer phrase matches
If you don't have too much special syntax in your query we'll give perfect phrase matches a boost. I'm being intentionally vague because I'm not sure exactly what "too much special syntax" should be. Right now if you add any explicit phrases to your search we'll turn off this feature.

あいまい検索
Putting a ~ after a search term (but not double quotes) activates fuzzy search. You can also put a number from 0 to 1 to control the "fuzziness" fraction, e.g. nigtmare~.9 or lighnin~.1 or lighnin~0.1. Closer to one is less fuzzy.

フレーズ検索と近接
Surrounding some words with quotes declares that you are searching for those words close together. You can add a ~ and then a number after the second quote to control just how close you mean. The default "closeness" is zero. One means one extra word allowed, and so on. For more than two words in the phrase, the closeness equals the total number of extra words, provided that all the words are also in order left to right.

For the closeness value of words given in right to left order, count and discard all the extra words, then add twice the the total count of remaining words minus one (in other words, add twice the number of segments). For the full proximity algorithm, see Elastic Search.

An explicit AND is required between two phrases because of the "inner" quotation marks.

引用符と完全一致
Quotes turn on exact term matches. You can add a ~ to the quote to go back to the more aggressive matcher you know and love.

prefer-recent:
You can give recently edited articles a boost in the search results by adding "prefer-recent:" to the beginning of your search. By default this will scale 60% of the score exponentially with the time since the last edit, with a half life of 160 days. This can be modified like this: "prefer-recent:,". proportion_of_score_to_scale must be a number between 0 and 1 inclusive. half_life_in_days must be greater than 0 but allows decimal points. This number works pretty well if very small. I've tested it around .0001, which is 8.64 seconds.

This will eventually be on by default for Wikinews, but there is no reason why you can't activate it in any of your searches.

hastemplate:
You can find pages that use a certain template by adding the filter  to the search. We provide for the usual "syntactic sugar" of template calls. This means the lenient pagename and fullpagename capitalization works, and the main namespace abbreviation, ":" works. For example to find which pages transclude Quality image the full search (in all your preferred namespaces) can be: , and for that same template name in the main namespace, this works. You can omit the quotes if the template title does not contain a space. will filter pages that do not contain that template.

For wikitext that calls a template directly, you can use insource:, but hastemplate: searches the "post-expansion inclusion", so hastemplate: can find a template acting only temporarily as a "secondary template" or "meta-template", which are seen in neither the source nor content, ( but only included as a helper to any other template producing the final content). All content from a template is now reflected in search results is still the relevant philosophy here.

boost-templates:
You can boost pages' scores based on what templates they contain. This can be done directly in the search via  or you can set the default for all searches via the new   message. replaces the contents of  if the former is specified. The syntax is a bit funky but was chosen for simplicity. Some examples:


 * Find files in the China category sorting quality images first.
 * Find files in the China category sorting quality images first.


 * Find files in the China category sorting quality images first and low quality images last.
 * Find files in the China category sorting quality images first and low quality images last.


 * Find files about popcorn sorting quality images first and low quality images last. Remember that through the use of the  message this can be reduced to just.
 * Find files about popcorn sorting quality images first and low quality images last. Remember that through the use of the  message this can be reduced to just.

Don't try to add decimal points to the percentages. They don't work and search scoring is such that they are unlikely to matter much.

A word of warning about : if you add really really big or small percentages they can poison the full text scoring. Think, for example, if enwiki boosted featured articles by a million percent. Then searches for terms mentioned in featured articles would find the featured articles before exact title matches of the terms. Phrase matching would be similarly blown away so a search like  would find a featured article with those words scattered throughout it instead of the article for Brave New World.

Sorry for the inconsistent  in the name. Sorry again but the quotes are required on this one. Sorry also for the funky syntax. Sorry we don't try to emulate the template transclusion syntax like we do with.

insource:
This can pick up template arguments, URLs, links, html, etc. It has two forms, one is an indexed search, and the other is regex based.

Tip: Instead of running a bare insource:/regexp/, these return much much faster when you limit the regexp search-domain to the results of one or more index-based searches. An "exact string" regexp search is a basic search; it will simply "quote" the entire regexp, or "backslash-escape" all non-alphanumeric characters in the string. All regexp searches also require that the user develop a simple filter to generate the search domain for the regex engine to search:



Any search without a namespace or prefix searches your default search domain, settable at Special:Search. It is commonly reset by power users to All namespaces, but if this occurs for a bare regexp search, then on a large wiki it will probably incur an HTML timeout before completing the search.

A regex search actually scours each page character-by character. By contrast, an indexed search actually queries a few records from a database separate from the wiki, and provides nearly instant results. When using a regex, include other search terms to limit the regex search domain as much as possible. There are many search terms that use an index and so instantly provide a highly refined search domain for the /regexp/. In order of general effectiveness:


 * insource:"" with quotation marks, duplicating the regexp except without the slashes or escape characters, is ideal.
 * intitle, incategory, and linksto are excellent filters.
 * "word1 word2 word3", with or without the quotation marks, are OK.
 * hastemplate: if it produces less than a few hundred thousand pages, is OK.
 * namespace: is practically useless, but may enable a slow regexp search to complete.

The prefix operator is especially useful with a { {FULLPAGENAME}} or a subdirectory argument. To develop a new regexp, or refine a complex regexp, use  in any edit box. Search terms that do not increase the efficiency of a regexp search are the page-scoring operators: morelike, boost-template, and prefer-recent.

==== メタ文字 ==== This section covers how to escape metacharacters.

For the actual meaning of the metacharacters see the explanation of the syntax. For the formal definition see the Lucene grammar for regular expressions.

The use of a regexp to search for an exact string that includes non-alphanumeric characters is a basic search. It finds regular expression metacharacters literally by placing the entire regexp inside double quotation marks, which blindly "quotes" or "escapes" any possible metacharacters from their advanced search meaning. An advanced search usually escapes metacharacters one at a time with a backslash.

For example  matches a '2', a literal plus sign, another '2', an equals sign, a '4' and a literal dot, with one possible space character between each math term. The equals sign has no special, metacharacter meaning in CirrusSearch, and so need not be escaped, but its OK to escape or quote any character because it basically has no effect. An exact-string search usually "quotes" the regexp because this will neutralize all metacharacter meanings.

Inside double quotes you must use backslash-escape to escape a double-quote character. For example .

Inside the regexp you must use the backslash-escape to quote any slash character that is not delimiting the regexp. For example .

The square-bracket notation for creating your own character-class also escapes metacharacters. To target a literal right square bracket in your character-class pattern, it must be backslash escaped, otherwise it can be interpreted as the closing delimiter of the character-class pattern definition. The first position of a character class will also escape the right square bracket. Inside the delimiting square brackets of a character class, the dash character also has special meaning (range) but can it too can be included literally in the class the same way as the right square bracket can. For example both of these patterns target character that is either a dash or a right square bracket or a dot:  or.

高度な例
For example, using metacharacters to find the usage of a template called Val having, inside the template call, an unnamed parameter containing a possibly signed, three to four digit number, possibly surrounded by space characters, AND on the same page, inside a template Val call, a named argument "fmt=commas" having any allowable spaces around it, (it could be the same template call, or a separate one):



It is fast because it uses two filters so that every page the regexp crawls has the highest possible potential. Assuming your search domain is set to ALL, it searches the entire wiki, because it offers no namespace or prefix.

補助テキスト
Cirrus considers some text in the page to be "auxiliary" to what the page is actually about. Examples include table contents, image captions, and "This article is about the XYZ. For ZYX see ZYX" style links. You can also mark article text as auxiliary by adding the  class to the html element containing the text.

Auxiliary text is worth less than the rest of the article text and it is in the snippet only if there are no main article snippets matching the search.

要略
Cirrus assumes that non-auxiliary text that is between the top of the page and the first heading is the "lead in" paragraph. Matches from the lead in paragraph are worth more in article ranking.

コモンズ検索
By default when the search contains the file namespace, Cirrus will search commons as well. You can disable this behavior by adding  to the search. If you are using a namespace prefix to select the namespace the syntax looks like. If you aren't using a namespace prefix to select the namespace then the syntax looks like.