Manual:Developing extensions/ja



各拡張機能は、3つの部分からなります：


 * 1) セットアップ
 * 2) 実行
 * 3) 地域化

最小限の拡張機能は、3つのパートに対応するファイルがそれぞれ1つずつ必要です.


 * MyExtension/extension.json: セットアップの指示を格納するファイルです. ファイル名は必ずextension.jsonにします.  （MediaWiki 1.25以前では、セットアップの指示は拡張機能から名前を取った   ファイル内に記述されていました.  依然として拡張機能の多くには、このPHPファイルに下位互換性のあるシムがあります. )
 * MyExtension.php: これは、拡張機能のための実装コードを格納したファイルです. ファイル名を MyExtension.php のようにする命名規約がありますが、必須ではありません.  ご利用の拡張機能が複雑で複数のPHPファイルから構成される場合は、この命名規約に従って実装コードを名付け という下位ディレクトリに置く必要があります (Example拡張機能はこの規約から除外されています) .  一例として、SemanticMediaWiki 拡張機能を参照してください.
 * MyExtension/i18n/*.json: これは拡張機能の地域化に関わる情報を格納したページです.

拡張機能の開発時には上記のMyExtensionの代わりにご利用の拡張機能名を記入します. ディレクトリ名とPHP名はアッパーキャメルケースにします. これは標準的なファイル命名規約に準じています. (ご利用の拡張機能の処理の導入としてはが適しています. またボイラープレート（大規模なテンプレート）の作成にはMWStewも使用できます. さらにGitHubに置かれたMediaWiki用テンプレートcookiecutter template for MediaWiki extensions on GitHubも参照してください. )

特定の拡張機能の3つのパーツとしてセットアップ、拡張機能と地域化とし、加えてこのページ内には拡張機能の種別とライセンスおよび拡張機能の公開を解説してあります.

セットアップ
セットアップ部分の記述では、皆さんの開発した拡張機能をインストールしようとするユーザーが、ファイルに以下のようにセットアップファイルを追加するだけで済むように、セットアップの統合を目指します.

ユーザーが拡張機能を設定変更できるようにするには設定パラメータの設定と説明文書作成が必要で、ユーザ設定はたとえば下記の例のようになります.

ここまで単純化するには、セットアップファイルに数件のタスクを行います (詳細は下記の説で説明します).


 * 拡張機能が使用するメディアハンドラ、パーサ関数や特別ページ、カスタムXMLタグや変数をすべて登録.
 * 拡張機能用に定義した設定変数を定義と/もしくは検証.
 * 拡張機能のオートロード用に使用するクラスの準備.
 * セットアップ部分で、至急実行すべき部分と、MediaWikiコアの初期化と設定の終了後まで待つべき部分を定義する.
 * 必要なその他のフックの定義
 * 必要なデータベーステーブルの作成もしくは検証.
 * 拡張機能の地域化のための設定.

MediaWikiに拡張機能を登録する
MediaWikiの ページには、インストールされた拡張機能をすべて一覧にしてあります. たとえばこのウィキにインストールされた拡張機能はすべて、Special:Versionで参照できます. このページに皆さんの拡張機能も記載されたかどうか確かめるといいでしょう. その手順は、開発した拡張機能のメディアハンドラとパーサ関数、特別ページとカスタムXMLタグならびに変数の各点をに登録する必要があります. 実行例は次のとおりです.

See for full details on what these fields do. Many of the fields are optional, but it's still good practice to fill them out. The  refers to the version of the schema the  file is written against. As of now (January 2018) versions available are 1 and 2. See here for the documentation on this feature.

In addition to the above registration, you must also "hook" your feature into MediaWiki. The above only sets up the Special:Version page. The way you do this depends on the type of your extension. For details, please see the documentation for each type of extension:

Making your extension user configurable
If you want your user to be able to configure your extension, you'll need to provide one or more configuration variables. It is a good idea to give those variables a unique name. They should also follow MediaWiki naming conventions (e.g. global variables should begin with $wg).

For example, if your extension is named "Very silly extension that does nothing", you might want to name all your configuration variables to begin  or. It doesn't really matter what you choose so long as none of the MediaWiki core begins its variables this way and you have done a reasonable job of checking to see that none of the published extensions begin their variables this way. Users won't take kindly to having to choose between your extension and some other extensions because you chose overlapping variable names.

It is also a good idea to include extensive documentation of any configuration variables in your installation notes.

Here is an example boiler plate that can be used to get started:

Note that after calling  the global variable   does not exist. If you set the variable, e.g. in  then the value given in the will not be used.

Preparing classes for autoloading
If you choose to use classes to implement your extension, MediaWiki provides a simplified mechanism for helping PHP find the source file where your class is located. 多くの場合、 の手順を自作しなくて済みます.

To use MediaWiki's autoloading mechanism, you add entries to the field. The key of each entry is the class name; the value is the file that stores the definition of the class. For a simple one class extension, the class is usually given the same name as the extension, so your autoloading section might look like this (extension is named MyExtension):

The filename is relative to the directory the extension.json file is in.

追加的なフックの定義
を参照してください.

データベース テーブルの追加
If your extension needs to add its own database tables, use the hook. See the manual page for more information on usage.

地域化のセットアップ
関連項目:
 * 地域化 (要約)
 * 地域化 (詳細)
 * Namespaces

Add logs
On MediaWiki, all actions by users on wiki are tracked for transparency and collaboration. See for how to do it.

実行
The technique for writing the implementation portion depends upon the part of MediaWiki system you wish to extend:
 * ウィキ マークアップ: Extensions that extend wiki markup will typically contain code that defines and implements custom XML tags, parser functions and variables.
 * Reporting and administration: Extensions that add reporting and administrative capabilities usually do so by adding special pages. 詳細情報は、 を参照してください.
 * Article automation and integrity: Extensions that improve the integration between MediaWiki and its backing database or check articles for integrity features, will typically add functions to one of the many hooks that affect the process of creating, editing, renaming, and deleting articles. For more information about these hooks and how to attach your code to them, please see.
 * 外観: Extensions that provide a new look and feel to MediaWiki are bundled into skins. スキンの自作については及びを参照してください.
 * セキュリティ: Extensions that limit their use to certain users should integrate with MediaWiki's own permissions system. To learn more about that system, please see . Some extensions also let MediaWiki make use of external authentication mechanisms. 詳細情報は、 を参照してください. In addition, if your extension tries to limit readership of certain articles, please check out the gotchas discussed in.

、 も参照してください

地域化
If you want your extension to be used on wikis that have a multi-lingual readership, you will need to add localisation support to your extension.

Store messages in .json
Store message definitions in a localisation JSON-file, one for each language key your extension is translated in. The messages are saved with a message key and the message itself using standard JSON format. Each message id should be lowercase and may not contain spaces. An example you can find e.g. in extension MobileFrontend. Here is an example of a minimal JSON file (in this case en.json:

en.json

Store message documentation in qqq.json
The documentation for message keys can be stored in the JSON file for the pseudo language with code qqq. A documentation of the example above can be:

qqq.json:

メッセージの定義

 * Assign each message a unique, lowercase, no space message id; e.g.uploadwizard-desc
 * For any text string displayed to the user, define a message.
 * MediaWiki supports parameterized messages and that feature should be used when a message is dependent on information generated at runtime. Parameter placeholders are specified with $n, where n represents the index of the placeholder; e.g.

メッセージの説明文書の定義
Each message you define needs to have an associated message documentation entry Message documentation; in qqq.json e.g.

地域化ファイルの読み込み
In your setup routine, define the location of your messages files (e.g. in directory i18n/):

PHP での wfMessage の使用
In your setup and implementation code, replace each literal use of the message with a call to. In classes that implement (as well as some others such as subclasses of SpecialPage), you can use   instead. 例:

JavaScript での mw.message の使用
It's possible to use i18n functions in JavaScript too. 詳細は を参照してください.

拡張機能の種類
Extensions can be categorized based on the programming techniques used to achieve their effect. Most complex extensions will use more than one of these techniques:
 * Subclassing: MediaWiki expects certain kinds of extensions to be implemented as subclasses of a MediaWiki-provided base class:
 *  – Subclasses of the class are used to build pages whose content is dynamically generated using a combination of the current system state, user input parameters, and database queries. Both reports and data entry forms can be generated. They are used for both reporting and administration purposes.
 *  – Skins change the look and feel of MediaWiki by altering the code that outputs pages by subclassing the MediaWiki class.
 *  – A technique for injecting custom php code at key points within MediaWiki processing. They are widely used by MediaWiki's parser, its localization engine, its extension management system, and its page maintenance system.
 *  – XML style tags that are associated with a php function that outputs HTML code. You do not need to limit yourself to formatting the text inside the tags. You don't even need to display it. Many tag extensions use the text as parameters that guide the generation of HTML that embeds google objects, data entry forms, RSS feeds, excerpts from selected wiki articles.
 *  – A technique for mapping a variety of wiki text string to a single id that is associated with a function. Both variables and parser functions use this technique. All text mapped to that id will be replaced with the return value of the function. The mapping between the text strings and the id is stored in the array $magicWords. The interpretation of the id is a somewhat complex process – see  for more information.
 *  – Variables are something of a misnomer. They are bits of wikitext that look like templates but have no parameters and have been assigned hard-coded values. Standard wiki markup such as or  are examples of variables. They get their name from the source of their value: a php variable or something that could be assigned to a variable, e.g. a string, a number, an expression, or a function return value.
 *  – .  Similar to tag extensions, parser functions process arguments and returns a value. Unlike tag extensions, the result of parser functions is wikitext.
 *  – you can add custom modules to MediaWiki's action API, that can be invoked by JavaScript, bots or third-party clients.
 *  – If you need to store data in formats other than wikitext, JSON, etc. then you can create a new.

Support other core versions
There are two widespread conventions for supporting older versions of MediaWiki core:

Extension maintainers should declare with the  parameter of the Extension template which convention they follow.
 * Master: the master branch of the extension is compatible with as many old versions of core as possible. This results in a maintenance burden (backwards-compatibility hacks need to be kept around for a long time, and changes to the extension need to be tested with several versions of MediaWiki), but sites running old MediaWiki versions benefit from functionality recently added to the extension.
 * Release branches: release branches of the extension are compatible with matching branches of core, e.g. sites using MediaWiki need to use the  branch of the extension. (For extensions hosted on gerrit, these branches are automatically created when new versions of MediaWiki are released.) This results in cleaner code and faster development but users on old core versions do not benefit from bugfixes and new features unless they are backported manually.

Publishing
To autocategorize and standardize the documentation of your existing extension, please see. To add your new extension to this Wiki:

Deploying and registering
If you intend to have your extension deployed on Wikimedia sites (including possibly Wikipedia), additional scrutiny is warranted in terms of performance and security. を参照してください.

If your extension adds namespaces, you may wish to register its default namespaces; likewise, if it adds database tables or fields, you may want to register those at.

Please be aware that review and deployment of new extensions on Wikimedia sites can be extremely slow, and in some cases has taken more than two years.

ヘルプの説明文書
You should provide public-domain help documentation for features provided by your extension. is a good example. You should give users a link to the documentation via the function.

Providing support / collaboration
Extension developers should open an account on Wikimedia's, and request a new project for the extension. This provides a public venue where users can submit issues and suggestions, and you can collaborate with users and other developers to triage bugs and plan features of your extension.

関連項目

 * – 豊富なインライン説明文書を備えた数件のサンプル機能を実装
 * – 自作の拡張機能の出発点として有用な、定型ボイラープレート用拡張機能
 * 拡張機能のサンプルを読みこみ、ボイラープレート拡張機能を自作のコードの基準に使う.
 * cookiecutter-mediawiki-extension – ボイラープレート拡張機能を作成するpythonツールcookiecutter用テンプレート (変数その他が附属)
 * 自作の拡張機能を急速に展開するため役立つ. これによってもボイラープレート拡張機能の作成が可能.
 * - 特定のコードを複写して使用
 * – 自作の拡張機能によりクライアント向けAPIを提供する方法を解説
 * 拡張機能に関する最善の手法
 * 拡張機能に関する最善の手法
 * 拡張機能に関する最善の手法
 * 拡張機能に関する最善の手法
 * 拡張機能に関する最善の手法