Manual:Developing extensions/pt-br



A cada extensão consta de três partes:


 * 1) Configuração
 * 2) Execução
 * 3) Localização

Uma mera extensão consiste de três arquivos, um para cada parte:


 * MyExtension/extension.json: Armazena as instruções de configuração. O nome do arquivo deve ser “extension.json” (Nas versões anteriores ao MediaWiki 1.25, as instruções de configuração ficavam num arquivo MyExtension/MyExtension.php, nomeado de acordo com a extensão. Várias extensões ainda são compatíveis com aquelas versões neste arquivo PHP).
 * MyExtension/MyExtension_body.php: Armazena o código para a execução da extensão. O nome de arquivo “MyExtension_body.php” é convencional, porém não obrigatório. Caso sua extensão seja complexa, envolvendo vários arquivos PHP, siga a convenção para colocar seu código de implantação num subdiretório MyExtension/includes (embora as extensões Example e BoilerPlate não sigam essa convenção). Por exemplo, veja a extensão.
 * MyExtension/i18n/*.json: Armazena as informações de localização da extensão.

Originalmente, extensões eram feitas num só arquivo, e ainda é possível encontrar alguns exemplo deste estilo depreciado.

Ao desenvolver uma extensão, substitua “MyExtension” (como encontrado acima) pelo nome da sua extensão. Use nomes em UpperCamelCase no diretório e no(s) arquivo(s) PHP; essa é a convenção geral para nomes de arquivos (A é um bom ponto de partida para a sua extensão. Não deixe de conferir também a predefinição cookiecutter para extensões do MediaWiki no GitHub).

As três partes de uma extensão, configuração, execução e localização, bem como os tipos de extensões, licenciamento, e publicação estão todos descritos nas seguintes seções desta página.

Enquanto estiver programando, recomendamos que você desative o cache com as configurações = CACHE_NONE e  = false, ou você poderá não obter mensagens do sistema ou outras mudanças.

Configuração
O seu objetivo em desenvolver a configuração é consolidá-la para que os usuários que instalarem sua extensão não precisem fazer nada além de incluir o arquivo de configuração no arquivo, desta maneira:

Se você deseja fazer com que sua extensão seja configurável pelo usuário, defina e documente alguns parâmetros de configuração. A configuração deve estar desta maneira:

Para alcançar essa simplicidade, seu arquivo de configuração deve efetuar várias tarefas (descritas detalhadamente nas seguintes seções):


 * registrar qualquer manipulador de mídia, função ao analisador sintático, página especial, marcação personalizada de XML e/ou viariável que sua extensão usar;
 * definir e/ou validar quaisquer variáveis de configuração definidos por você para a sua extensão;
 * preparar as classes usadas pela sua extensão para carregamento automático;
 * determinar quais partes da sua configuração devem ser feitas imediatamente e quais precisam estar em modo de espera até o núcleo do MediaWiki ter sido inicializado e configurado;
 * definir hooks adicionais necessários pela sua extensão;
 * criar ou verificar tabelas de banco de dados requeridas pela sua extensão; e
 * configurar a localização para a sua extensão.

Registrando recursos com o MediaWiki
O MediaWiki lista todas as extensões instaladas na página. Por exemplo, é possível ver todas as extensões instaladas nesta wiki na página Special:Version. It is good form to make sure that your extension is also listed on this page. To do this, you will need to add an entry to for each media handler, parser function, special page, custom XML tag, and variable used by your extension. The entry will look something like this:

See for full details on what these fields do. Many of the fields are optional, but it's still good practice to fill them out. The  refers to the version of the schema the  file is written against. As of writing (1.26alpha), the only supported version is 1.

In addition to the above registration, you must also "hook" your feature into MediaWiki. The above only sets up the Special:Version page. The way you do this depends on the type of your extension. For details, please see the documentation for each type of extension:

Making your extension user configurable
If you want your user to be able to configure your extension, you'll need to provide one or more configuration variables. It is a good idea to give those variables a unique name. They should also follow MediaWiki naming conventions (e.g. global variables should begin with $wg).

For example, if your extension is named "Very silly extension that does nothing", you might want to name all your configuration variables to begin  or. It doesn't really matter what you choose so long as none of the MediaWiki core begins its variables this way and you have done a reasonable job of checking to see that none of the published extensions begin their variables this way. Users won't take kindly to having to choose between your extension and some other extensions because you chose overlapping variable names.

It is also a good idea to include extensive documentation of any configuration variables in your installation notes.

Here is an example boiler plate that can be used to get started:

Preparing classes for autoloading
If you choose to use classes to implement your extension, MediaWiki provides a simplified mechanism for helping PHP find the source file where your class is located. In most cases this should eliminate the need to write your own  method.

To use MediaWiki's autoloading mechanism, you add entries to the field. The key of each entry is the class name; the value is the file that stores the definition of the class. For a simple one class extension, the class is usually given the same name as the extension, so your autoloading section might look like this (extension is named MyExtension):

The filename is relative to the directory the extension.json file is in.

Defining additional hooks
Veja.

Adding database tables
If your extension needs to add its own database tables, use the hook. Ver a página do manual para mais informação em uso.

Instalar localização
Ver:
 * Localização (resumo)
 * Localização (detalhado)

Acrescentar registros
Em MediaWiki, todas as acções pelos usuários em wiki está seguido para transparência e colaboração. Ver para como o fazer.

Execução
The technique for writing the implementation portion depends upon the part of MediaWiki system you wish to extend:
 * Wiki markup: Extensions that extend wiki markup will typically contain code that defines and implements custom XML tags, parser functions and variables.
 * Reporte e administração: Extensions that add reporting and administrative capabilities usually do so by adding special pages. Para mais informações veja.
 * Article automation and integrity: Extensions that improve the integration between MediaWiki and its backing database or check articles for integrity features, will typically add functions to one of the many hooks that affect the process of creating, editing, renaming, and deleting articles. For more information about these hooks and how to attach your code to them, please see.
 * Look and feel: Extensions that provide a new look and feel to MediaWiki are bundled into skins. Pára mais informação aproximadamente como para escrever suas peles próprias, ver e.
 * Segurança: Extensions that limit their use to certain users should integrate with MediaWiki's own permissions system. To learn more about that system, please see . Some extensions also let MediaWiki make use of external authentication mechanisms. For more information, please see . In addition, if your extension tries to limit readership of certain articles, please check out the gotchas discussed in.

Ver também ,

Localização
While developing, you may want to disable both cache by setting $wgMainCacheType = CACHE_NONE and $wgCacheDirectory = false, otherwise your system message changes may not show up.

If you want your extension to be used on wikis that have a multi-lingual readership, you will need to add localisation support to your extension.

Store messages in .json
Store message definitions in a localisation JSON-file, one for each language key your extension is translated in. The messages are saved with a message key and the message itself using standard JSON format. Each message id should be lowercase and may not contain spaces. An example you can find e.g. in extension MobileFrontend. Here is an example of a minimal JSON file (in this case en.json:

en.json

Store message documentation in qqq.json
The documentation for message keys can be stored in the JSON file for the pseudo language with code qqq. A documentation of the example above can be:

qqq.json:

Define messages

 * Assign each message a unique, lowercase, no space message id; e.g.uploadwizard-desc
 * For any text string displayed to the user, define a message.
 * MediaWiki supports parameterized messages and that feature should be used when a message is dependent on information generated at runtime. Parameter placeholders are specified with $n, where n represents the index of the placeholder; e.g.

Define message documentation
Each message you define needs to have an associated message documentation entry Message documentation; in qqq.json e.g.

Load the localisation file
In your setup routine, define the location of your messages files (e.g. in directory i18n/):

Use wfMessage in PHP
In your setup and implementation code, replace each literal use of the message with a call to. In classes that implement (as well as some others such as subclasses of SpecialPage), you can use   instead. Exemplo:

Use mw.message in JavaScript
It's possible to use i18n functions in JavaScript too. Olhar para para obter detalhes.

Tipos de extensões
Extensions can be categorized based on the programming techniques used to achieve their effect. Most complex extensions will use more than one of these techniques:
 * Subclassing: MediaWiki expects certain kinds of extensions to be implemented as subclasses of a MediaWiki-provided base class:
 *  – Subclasses of the class are used to build pages whose content is dynamically generated using a combination of the current system state, user input parameters, and database queries. Both reports and data entry forms can be generated. They are used for both reporting and administration purposes.
 *  – Skins change the look and feel of MediaWiki by altering the code that outputs pages by subclassing the MediaWiki class.
 *  – A technique for injecting custom php code at key points within MediaWiki processing. They are widely used by MediaWiki's parser, its localization engine, its extension management system, and its page maintenance system.
 *  – XML style tags that are associated with a php function that outputs HTML code. You do not need to limit yourself to formatting the text inside the tags. You don't even need to display it. Many tag extensions use the text as parameters that guide the generation of HTML that embeds google objects, data entry forms, RSS feeds, excerpts from selected wiki articles.
 *  – A technique for mapping a variety of wiki text string to a single id that is associated with a function. Both variables and parser functions use this technique. All text mapped to that id will be replaced with the return value of the function. The mapping between the text strings and the id is stored in the array $magicWords. The interpretation of the id is a somewhat complex process – see  for more information.
 *  – Variables are something of a misnomer. They are bits of wikitext that look like templates but have no parameters and have been assigned hard-coded values. Standard wiki markup such as or  are examples of variables. They get their name from the source of their value: a php variable or something that could be assigned to a variable, e.g. a string, a number, an expression, or a function return value.
 *  – .  Similar to tag extensions, parser functions process arguments and returns a value. Unlike tag extensions, the result of parser functions is wikitext.
 *  – you can add custom modules to MediaWiki's "action" web API, that can be invoked by JavaScript, bots or third-party clients.

Support other core versions
You can visit the extension support portal to keep on top of changes in future versions of MediaWiki and also add support for older versions that are still popular.

Publicando
To autocategorize and standardize the documentation of your existing extension, please see. To add your new extension to this Wiki:

Deploying and registering
Consultar. If your extension adds namespaces, you may wish to register its default namespaces; likewise, if it adds database tables or fields, you may want to register those at.

Documentação do ajuda
You should provide public-domain help documentation for features provided by your extension. é um buem exemplo. You should give users a link to the documentation via the function.

Providing support / collaboration
Extension developers should open an account on Wikimedia's, and request a new project for the extension. This provides a public venue where users can submit issues and suggestions, and you can collaborate with users and other developers to triage bugs and plan features of your extension.

Ver também

 * – implements some example features with extensive inline documentation
 * – uma extensão clichê funcionando, útil como um ponto de partida para o seu próprio ramal
 * Read the Example extension, base your own code on the BoilerPlate extension.
 * cookiecutter-mediawiki-extension – a template for the python tool cookiecutter to generate a boilerplate extension (with variables etc.)
 * Allow you to get going quickly with your own extension. Can also generate the BoilerPlate extension.
 * - copy specific code from them
 * – explains how your extension can provide an API to clients
 * – explains how your extension can provide an API to clients