Wikibase/Terms/fr



Cloud
A colloquial term for a large group of servers managed by one or more organizations known as "cloud providers": customers of the cloud provider can purchase the use of servers and other hosted services and run their own software, all by connecting to the cloud provider over the internet. In turn, their own customers access and use their software over the internet.

Exemple : Amazon Web Services (AWS) est un founisseur du cloud. Company "Ex", who for the purposes of our example makes an online spreadsheet application called "ExampleCalc", rents servers from AWS, hosts their software on some of AWS's cloud servers and makes access to ExampleCalc available to their own customers. Ex's ExampleCalc is now a cloud-hosted application on AWS.

Base de données
A piece of software that stores organized information and makes it available to other applications, often by means of a set of commands called a query language. Database est souvent utilisé à la place du nom plus formel DBMS. "Database" can also refer to the data itself that such an application stores. Most people don't use "DBMS" when referring to the type of application, instead using the word "database" to refer to both and relying on context to distinguish them.



Objet de données
Une pièce individuelle de données analysée par un ordinateur. It may be a single value or a group of values, and it may have a label or "identifier" with which one can refer to it. Un objet de données possède un type de données.



Type de donnée
The nature of a piece of data and the specific form that it takes.

Exemples : integer (4); string ("Mary had a little lamb"); URL ("https://wikibase.cloud"); time.

DBMS
DataBase Management System &mdash; Système de gestion de base de données. The formal name for a "database" when that term is used to refer to a piece of software that manages stored data, and not the data store itself.

Elasticsearch
A piece of software that allows users to perform full-text searches across large bodies of data. Elasticsearch is often used in conjunction with Wikibase to augment MediaWiki’s own search.

Extension
(MediaWiki) A piece of software that extends MediaWiki's default functionality, that which MediaWiki can do by default. A good example is the VisualEditor, which allows users to edit wiki entries as if they were using a word processor.

Eléments
In RDF, an object, concept, or event that appears in a triple (the subject, possibly also the object).

Examples: "red", "empathy", "New Year's Eve"

See Wikidata's own glossary entry on 'item'.

Hôte
(comme nom) synonyme de serveur.

(comme verbe) héberger un logiciel signifie l'installer sur un serveur et typiquement en offrir l'accès sur internet.



Données liées ouvertes
Linked Open Data (LOD) &mdash; Data that is structured, public and interlinked with other data across the internet. As Sir Tim Berners-Lee describes it: "Linked Open Data is linked data which is released under an open license, which does not impede its reuse for free."

See the excellent Wikipedia article on the topic and this helpful description of five-star data.

MediaWiki
A piece of software running in a web server that lets you create and edit wikis. MediaWiki is free software developed by the MediaWiki community and distributed under the GNU Public License, GPL.

Préfixe
In the query service, prefixes define which Wikibase instance a query element refers to. Bien que Wikidata soit par la valeur par défaut, les requêtes peuvent utiliser d'autres préfixes.

Exemples :

Propriété
In RDF, a descriptor that appears in a triple (the predicate) that describes the relationship between two pieces of information.

Exemples : « est la capitale de », « est l'inventeur de », « est une instance de »

Voir l'entrée 'propriété' du glossaire particulier de Wikidata.

Requêtes
Une commande utilisée pour demander des informations à une base de données.



Langage de requête
A system of commands used to request information from databases. SQL ("structured query language") is a common example of a query language; numerous other query languages have based many of their commands and syntax on SQL. Example: SPARQL. These are "languages" in the sense of programming languages or markup language.



Service de requêtes
See WDQS.

RDBMS
Relational DataBase Management System &mdash; See DBMS. A relational database stores its data in tables and other structures, according to a system or plan known as a schema. All databases that can be used to run MediaWiki are relational: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, etc.

A relational database exists in contrast to a non-relational or NoSQL database, where data is stored unstructured in collections.

RDF
Resource Description Framework. A system of representing information in a structured way, used by Wikibase and other software in the Linked Open Data web.

See the W3C's document on RDF concepts.

Schéma
The system of organization that a relational database uses to store its data. Among other structures, a schema contains tables, views and indices.

Serveur
A computer on which pieces of software run for long periods of time, such as databases. Also: the software that runs on such computers, such as a web server. The senses are often used interchangeably; whether the speaker is referring to the computer itself or the software running on the computer can be difficult to determine and depends on context.

SPARQL
SPARQL Protocol And RDF Query L'anguage &mdash; A query language used to interact with data in RDF data stores such as Wikibase.

See the Apache Software Foundation's SPARQL tutorial.

Déclarations
In RDF, data is presented in the following form: a subject (item), a predicate (property) and an object (item, quantity, mathematical expression...).


 * Example: "&lt;Berlin> &lt;is the capital of> &lt;Germany>."
 * Example: "&lt;Berlin> &lt;has a population of> &lt;3.7 million>."

These three pieces of information together are called a triple, and as a single piece of information it's called a statement.

See the Wikidata glossary entry, the Wikipedia article on triples and the W3C's primer.



Données structurées
Information that's been highly organized so that it can be easily processed by computers.

Triplet
See Statement.

WDQS
WikiData Query Service &mdash; Software that provides a way to extract data from Wikibase by using the SPARQL query language.

See Wikidata's query service doc.



Serveur web
A piece of software that serves web pages and content. Sometimes that content is generated by other server software, which is said to be running "in" the web server.

More precisely, a web server is an application that receives requests and answers them by sending back data that a web browser (Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, etc.) uses to display a web page to an end user. Un serveur web communique via le protocole HTTP et fournit les informations sur internet.

Wiki
A knowledge base, often public, where anyone with access can add and edit information. "Anyone with access" might mean everyone in an organization or everyone in the world.

Wikibase
Wikibase is free software that stores and organizes information that can be collaboratively edited and allows it to be easily consumed by computers, translated into multiple languages and shared with the rest of the world as part of the Linked Open Data web. C'est une extension de MediaWiki.