Help:Extension:Translate/Page translation administration/it

Cos'è. La funzionalità di traduzione delle pagine permette traduzioni controllate delle pagine wiki in altre lingue. Ciò significa che il contenuto di ogni traduzione sarà, di solito, uguale a quello della pagina sorgente. Ciò è diverso, per esempio, dalle versioni nelle varie lingue degli articoli sulle diverse Wikipedie, che sono pienamente indipendenti l'una dall'altra. Si presume che le pagine vengano solamente tradotte da un linguaggio primario ad un altro, ma i traduttori possono anche approfittare delle traduzione in altre lingue, se queste esistono.

Perché. Senza alcun aiuto, tradurre più di qualche pagina in altre lingue diventa nel migliore dei casi una perdita di tempo, nel peggiore una confusione ingestibile. Con la funzionalità di traduzione delle pagine puoi evitare la confusione e dare una struttura al processo di traduzione. L'idea principale è che il testo sorgente viene segmentato in unità più piccole, ognuna delle quali verrà tradotta individualmente. Quando il testo sorgente viene segmentato in unità, tutti i cambiamenti possono essere isolati e i traduttori devono solamente aggiornare le unità di traduzione che hanno subito modifiche nel testo sorgente. Ciò permette inoltre ai traduttori di lavorare su unità con una dimensione gestibile e condividere il lavoro tra più traduttori o continuare la traduzione in sessioni successive, perché non c'è bisogno di farlo tutto in una volta.

Chi. Questa pagina approfondisce il tutorial di traduzione delle pagine fornendo una panoramica più dettagliata su come lavora il sistema e suggerisce le migliori pratiche per una gran varietà di casi. Questa pagina è rivolta agli amministratori di traduzione di pagine e in generale a chiunque modifica il testo sorgente delle pagine traducibili, anche senza avere accesso alle funzionalità amministrative per l'approvazione dei cambiamenti delle traduzioni.

Vita di una pagina traducibile
Ruoli. Più persone sono coinvolte nel processo di scrittura e traduzione di una pagina wiki: lo scrittore iniziale crea una pagina, qualcuno corregge gli errori di battitura, un amministratore di traduzione pagine marca la pagina per la traduzione, i traduttori traducono, qualcuno apporta delle modifiche alla pagina, un amministratore di traduzione pagine marca questi cambiamenti per la traduzione e i traduttori aggiornano le traduzioni. Questi ruoli possono più o meno sovrapporsi, ma la responsabilità ultima per una traduzione senza problemi è lasciata all'amministratore di traduzione pagine. L'amministratore decide quando la pagina è pronta per la traduzione, si assicura che la segmentazione sia corretta e approva (o corregge i cambiamenti).

Preparazione. Per avere qualcosa di tradotto devi prima scriverlo. Se hai già effettuato qualche traduzione senza l'estensione Translate, vedi di seguito la sezione sulla migrazione delle traduzioni. Se vuoi tante traduzioni velocemente, è cruciale che il testo sorgente abbia una buona forma. Prima di marcare una pagina per la traduzione, chiedi a qualcun'altro di controllarla e se possibile chiedi ad uno specialista della lingua di rendere il testo più chiaro e coinciso. Un vocabolario complesso e delle frasi difficili da capire costituiscono un freno alle traduzioni di molti volontari. Anche il markup può provocare problemi ai traduttori, ma come amministratore di traduzione puoi evitare tali difficoltà, vedi oltre la sezione relativa alla gestione del markup. Naturalmente le modifiche che apporti al testo sorgente della traduzione obbligano all'aggiornamento di tutte le traduzioni esistenti, quindi è meglio attendere finché i contenuti della pagina si sono stabilizzati. D'altro canto, i cambiamenti avvengono, e il sistema li gestisce bene, quindi dai un'occhiata alla sottostante sezione riguardante la gestione delle modifiche.

Etichettatura. Quando il testo è pronto per la traduzione, chiunque può marcare le parti traducibili includendole all'interno delle etichette &lt;translate> e aggiungendo alla pagina la barra &lt;languages />. Quest'ultima aggiunge una lista di tutte le traduzioni della pagina, con le percentuali di completamento e aggiornamento. Non ci sono altre indicazioni dell'esistenza delle traduzioni. Vedi in basso come realizzare l'etichettatura. Il sistema rileverà quando le etichette sono presenti sulla pagina traducibile, e la pagina avrà un collegamento per marcarla per la traduzione. Inoltre se per esempio ti sei dimenticato di aggiungere un'etichetta di chiusura ti avviserà e prevenirà il salvataggio. La pagina traducibile verrà inoltre elencata in Special:PageTranslation come pronta per la marcatura.

Marcatura. Dopo l'etichettatura, un amministratore di traduzione marca la pagina per la traduzione, L'interfaccia viene spiegata in questo esempio di traduzione di una pagina. La responsabilità dell'amministratore di traduzione è di assicurare che la segmentazione abbia senso e che l'etichettatura sia stata fatta correttamente. La pagina può essere marcata nuovamente se nel frattempo è cambiata. Vedi sotto come effettuare modifiche che causino disturbi minimi. La marcatura della pagina avvia un processo in background che usa la coda di operazioni di MediaWiki. Questo processo analizza ogni pagina di traduzione e la rigenera; i cambiamenti nel template della pagina di traduzione saranno rispecchiati e le traduzioni non aggiornate saranno temporaneamente rimpiazzate con il testo sorgente originale. Diversamente, l'interfaccia di traduzione viene aggiornata immediatamente.

Changes. Users can continue making changes to the translatable page source. The changes will be visible to users viewing the page in the source language, but translations are done against the translation units extracted from the last version of the translatable page which has been marked for translation: the translation pages are reported to be 100 % up to date if all translation units have been translated, even if the source page has new changes. You can easily see whether there are unmarked changes when viewing the translatable page in the source language: there is a notice at the top which says that you can translate this page and also links to changes if there are any.

Source language. There is also a translation page with the language code of the source language: it doesn't contain the extra tags and other markup related to page translation which are used in the translatable page source. This page is not linked from the interface, but it is handy for example when you want to transclude the page (typically for translatable templates) or export it.

Closed translation requests. Some translatable pages have a content that is only interesting for a certain period of time. For example announcements and regular status updates, like the Wikimedia monthly highlights. You can keep those pages around with translations, but hide them from the translation interface. This does not prevent further translations to the pages, but it greatly reduces the chance that a user accidentally starts translating the page. Discouraging and its reversion are done from Special:PageTranslation.

Prioritizing languages. You can also define a list of languages that you specifically want translations into; leaving the language list empty is interpreted as all languages allowed. The page will behave like a discouraged page (see previous paragraph) for the languages not in the priority list and, when translating into them, translators will be given a notice. You can also prevent the translation in other languages, say if translations are actually used elsewhere and you won't be able to use them but in some languages.

Grouping. It is possible to group related pages together. These groups work like all the other message groups. They have their own statistics and contain all the messages of the subgroups: in this case translatable pages. This functionality is currently in Special:AggregateGroups. Aggregate message groups are collapsed by default in Special:LanguageStats in the group selector at Special:Translate.

Moving. You can move translatable pages as you would move any other page. When moving you can choose whether you want to move any non-translation subpages too. The move uses a background job to move the many related pages. While the move is in progress, it is not possible to translate the page. Completion is noted in the page translation log.

Deleting. Like move, deletion is accessed from the normal place. You can delete either the whole translatable page, or just one translation page, from the delete button on it. Deletion will also delete all the related translation unit pages. As in move, a background process will delete the pages over time and completion is noted in the page translation log. Deletion requires "delete" and "pagetranslation" permission, but individual translation unit pages can always be deleted with standard "delete".

Reverting. Similarly, reverting incorrect edits works as usual (including rollback button): you only have to edit the affected translation unit and the translation page will be updated as well. To find the edit to the translation unit from the edit to the translation page, just click the "" link for the editor and look for an edit at a similar time.

Protecting. It is possible to protect the translatable page. Translation pages cannot be protected, nor does the protection of the translatable page extend to them. To prevent further edits to translations, you should add the source language as only priority language and disable translations to other languages, see prioritizing languages above. Together these two actions effectively prevent changes to both the source page and translation pages with its translation unit pages. It is possible to protect individual translation unit pages, though it is not advisable.

Removal from translation. It is also possible to unmark a page for translation. First you need to remove all translate tags from the page. Then you can use Special:PageTranslation or follow the link in the top of translatable page to remove it from translation. This will remove any structure related to page translation, but leave all the existing pages in place, freely editable. This action is not recommended.

Anatomia di una pagina da tradurre
The translation of a translatable page will produce many pages, which all together compose the translatable page in the broadest sense: their title is determined by the title of the translatable :


 * (the source page)
 * (the translation pages, plus a copy of the source page without markup)
 * (all the translation unit pages)

In addition to this, there are the translation page template and the sources of translation units, extracted from the source page and stored in the database. The system keeps track of which versions of the source page contain translation tags and which version of them have been marked for translation.

Every time a translation unit page is updated, the system will also regenerate the corresponding translation page. This will result in two edits. The translation unit page edit is hidden by default in recent changes and can be shown by choosing show translations from the translation filter. Any action other than editing (like deleting and moving) the translation unit pages will not trigger the regeneration of the corresponding translation page.

If you need the copy of the source page without markup, e.g. to be pasted in another wiki without Translate, the text will be displayed or saved.
 * identify the source language code (for English, en ) and visit ;
 * click the "" button to reach an address like this and replace  with   in the address bar, press enter:

Segmentazione
Principi generali


 * 1) All text intended for translation must be wrapped inside translate tags. There can be multiple pairs of tags in one page.
 * 2) Everything outside those tags will not change in any translation page. This static text, together with the placeholders which mark the place where the translation of each translation unit will be substituted, is called the translation page template.
 * 3) Too much markup in the text makes it difficult for translators to translate. Use more fine grained placing of translate tags when there are lots of markup.
 * 4) The text inside translate tags is split into translation units where there is one or more empty lines between them (two or more newlines).

Restrictions. The page translation feature places some restrictions on the text. There should not be any markup that spans over two or more translation units. In other words, each paragraph should be self-contained. This is currently not enforced in the software, but violating it will cause invalid rendering of the page, the severity depending on whether MediaWiki itself is able to fix the resulting html output or not.

Parsing order. Beware, the translate tags work differently from other tags, because they do not go through the parser. This should not cause problems usually, but may if you are trying something fancy. In more detail, they are parsed before any other tags like &lt;pre> or &lt;source>, with the exception of &lt;nowiki> which is recognized by the Translate extension in some circumstances (such as rendering a page) but not in others (such as generating the list on Special:PageTranslation of pages containing &lt;translate>). If you want to have the literal expression "&lt;translate>" in the source text, you should escape it like "&amp;lt;translate>".

Tag placing. If possible, try to put the tags on their own lines, with no empty lines between the content and the tags. Sometimes this is not possible, for example if you want to translate some content surrounded by the markup, but not the markup itself. This is fine too, for example:

To make this work, the extension has a simple whitespace handling: whitespace is preserved, except if an opening or closing translate tag is the only thing on a line. In that case the newline after the opening tag or before the closing tag is eaten. This means that they don't cause extra space in the rendered version of the page.

Variables. It is possible to use variables similar to template variables. The syntax for this is. For translators these will show up only as, and in translation pages will automatically be replaced by the value defined in the translatable page (so they are global "constants" across all its translation pages). Variables can be used to hide untranslatable content in the middle of a translation unit. It also works for things like numbers that need to be updated often. You can update the number in all translations by changing the number in the translatable page source and re-marking the page. You do not need to invalidate translations, because the number is not part of the translation unit pages.

Markup examples
Below are listed some alternatives and suggested ways to handle different kinds of wiki markup.

{| class=wikitable No translation: Category:Cars
 * Categorie
 * Categories can be added in two ways: in the translation page template or in one of the translation units. If you have the categories in the translation page template, all translations will end up in the same category. If you have categories inside translation units, you should teach the users a naming scheme. On the right we show two possible schemes which are independent of the technical means to adopt them.


 * All translations in same category (good if only few languages, bad if many).
 * Category name not translated (can be put as is in the translation template).

Translation by adding language suffix: Category:Cars/fi (recommended but unsupported)

There are some such templates available on the wikis which use the Translate extension, but they won't be dealt with here. Translated categories' description pages still have to be created.
 * Category page name not translated (just like the page names).
 * One category for each language.
 * Page translation could be used for the category itself: the categories would be linked together and the headers would be translated (but not the name of the category in links and such).
 * This option is not yet supported out of the box by the Translate extension. You need to either instruct your translators to add the language code suffix to the category markup in the translation, or leave the category out of translation and write your own templates which add the language code automatically.

Sbagliato == &lt;translate>Culture&lt;/translate> ==
 * Intestazioni
 * Headers can in principle be tied to the following paragraph, but it is better to have them separated. This way someone can quickly translate the table of contents before going into the contents. When tagging headers, it is important to include the header markup inside the tags, or MediaWiki will no longer identify them properly, for example when trying to edit a specific section of the source page. The markup also immediately gives translator a context: he/she is translating a header.
 * Headers can in principle be tied to the following paragraph, but it is better to have them separated. This way someone can quickly translate the table of contents before going into the contents. When tagging headers, it is important to include the header markup inside the tags, or MediaWiki will no longer identify them properly, for example when trying to edit a specific section of the source page. The markup also immediately gives translator a context: he/she is translating a header.

Corretto &lt;translate>== Culture ==&lt;/translate> Segmentazione suggerita: &lt;translate>

Culture
Lorem ipsum dolor. &lt;/translate>

&lt;translate> &lt;/translate>
 * Immagini
 * Images that do contain language specific content like text should include the full image syntax in an unit. Other images can only tag the description with optional hint in message documentation of the page after it has been marked.
 * Images that do contain language specific content like text should include the full image syntax in an unit. Other images can only tag the description with optional hint in message documentation of the page after it has been marked.


 * Collegamenti
 * Links can be included in the paragraph they are inside. This allows changing the link label, but also changing the link target to a localized version if one exists.
 * Links can be included in the paragraph they are inside. This allows changing the link label, but also changing the link target to a localized version if one exists.

If the target page is (or should be) also translatable, you should link to it by prepending  to its title. Only the link label will need to be translated, because this automatically redirects users to the translation page in their own interface language, as selected for instance via the UniversalLanguageSelector. However, to achieve a constant behavior the syntax must be used for all links.

Because headers are translated, you cannot rely on the automatically generated id's for headers. You can add your own anchors. To have them outside of the translation template you need to break up the page into multiple translate tag pairs around each header you want to have an anchor to. Collegamenti interni &lt;translate> Helsinki is capital of Finland. &lt;/translate>

Links to translatable pages: &lt;translate> It has marvelous beaches with a lot of seagulls. &lt;/translate> Collegamenti esterni &lt;translate> PHP (website) is a programming language. &lt;/translate> Links within a page: &lt;translate>

Culture
Lorem ipsum dolor.

...

For more about food, see section about culture. &lt;/translate>

&lt;translate> &lt;translate> &lt;/translate>
 * Lists
 * Lists can get long, so might want to split them into multiple parts with for example five items or less in each as follows. Do so only if the items are sufficiently independent to be translate separately in all languages, don't create "lego messages": for instance, you must avoid to split a single sentence in multiple units, or to separate logically dependent parts which may affect each other (with regard to punctuation or style of the list, for instance). To split a list, use -tags. Do not insert new lines as this will break the HTML output.
 * Lists can get long, so might want to split them into multiple parts with for example five items or less in each as follows. Do so only if the items are sufficiently independent to be translate separately in all languages, don't create "lego messages": for instance, you must avoid to split a single sentence in multiple units, or to separate logically dependent parts which may affect each other (with regard to punctuation or style of the list, for instance). To split a list, use -tags. Do not insert new lines as this will break the HTML output.
 * General principles
 * Headings
 * Images
 * Tables
 * Categories&lt;/translate>
 * Links
 * Templates


 * Numeri
 * With numbers and other non-linguistic elements you may want to pull the actual number out of translation and make it a variable. This has multiple benefits:
 * With numbers and other non-linguistic elements you may want to pull the actual number out of translation and make it a variable. This has multiple benefits:

&lt;translate> Income this month  EUR &lt;translate> Note that this prevents the translators from localising the number by doing currency conversion. The  call makes sure the number is formatted correctly in the target language.
 * You can update the number without invalidating translations.
 * Translation memory can work better when the changing number is ignored.


 * Template
 * Templates have varying functions and purposes, so the best solution depends on what the template is for. If the template is not a part of longer paragraph, it should be left out, unless it has parameters that need to be translated. If the template has no linguistic content itself, you don't need to do anything for the template itself.
 * For an example of templates translated with page translation, see Template:Extension-Translate. To use this template, you need to have another template similar to Template:Translatable navigation template, because you cannot include the template by anymore. This is not yet provided by the Translate extension itself, but that is in the plans.
 * For an example of templates translated with page translation, see Template:Extension-Translate. To use this template, you need to have another template similar to Template:Translatable navigation template, because you cannot include the template by anymore. This is not yet provided by the Translate extension itself, but that is in the plans.

Another way is to use the unstructured element translation to translate the template, but then the language of the template will follow the user's interface language, not the language of the page he is viewing.
 * }

Cambiando il testo sorgente
Principi generali


 * Avoid changes
 * Make the changes as isolated as possible
 * Do not add translation unit markers yourself

Unit markers. When page is marked for translation, the system will update the translatable page source and add unique identifiers for each translation unit. See example below. These markers are crucial for the system, which uses them to track changes to each translation unit. You should never add unit markers yourself. The markers are always on the line before the unit; or, if it starts with a header, after the first header on the same line. The different placement for headers is needed to keep section editing working as expected.

&lt;translate>

Birds
&lt;!--T:1--> Birds are animals which....

&lt;!--T:2--> Birds can fly and... &lt;/translate> Changing unit text. Changing is the most common operation for translation units. You can fix spelling mistakes, correct grammar or do other changes to the unit. When re-marking the page for translation, you will see the difference in the unit text. The same difference is also shown to translators when they update their translations. For simple spelling fixes and other cases where you don't want the existing translations to be removed from translation pages, you can avoid invalidating them: translators will still see the difference if they ever update the translation for any reason.

Adding new text. You can freely add new text inside translate tags. Make sure that there is one empty line between adjacent units, so that the system will see it as a new unit. You can also add translate tags around the new text, if it is not inside existing translate tags. Again, do not add unit markers yourself, the system will do it.

Deleting text. You can delete whole units. If you do so, also remove the unit marker.

Splitting units. You can split existing units by adding an empty line in the middle of a unit, or by placing translate tags so that they split the unit. You can either keep the unit marker with the first unit or remove it altogether. In the first case, translators see the old text when updating the old translation. If you removed the unit marker, both units will behave as if no translation ever existed, after the page is re-marked for translation.

Merging units. If you merge units, you have to remove at least all but one unit marker.

Moving units. You can move units around without invalidating translations: just move the unit marker together with the rest of the unit.

Before marking the new version of the page for translation, ensure that the best practices are followed, especially that translators get a new translation unit if the content has changed. Also make sure that there are no unnecessary changes to prevent wasting translators time. If the source page is getting many changes, it may be worthwhile to wait for it to stabilize, and push the work for translators only after that.

Unused unit translations are not deleted automatically, but that should not cause trouble.

Migrating to page translation
If you have been translating pages before using the page translation system, you might want to migrate the pages to the new system, at least the ones you expect to have new translations and want statistics for. You will probably have existing templates for language switching and maybe different page naming conventions.

You can start migration by cleaning up, tagging and marking the source page. You can keep the existing language-switching templates while you migrate the old translations. If your pages follow the language code subpages naming convention, they will be replaced with the source text after marking the source page for translation, but you'll still be able to access translations from history.

This manual task has been partly automated by Special:PageMigration, which shows the source and target units besides each other and allows the user to adjust the units by providing a set of features mentioned later in this page.

How to use?

 * 1) Go to Special:PageMigration
 * 2) Enter the title of the page and the language code. For example, "Help:Special pages" & "fr"
 * 3) The source text which was divided into units by Translate and the imported translations will be shown besides each other with some initial alignment.
 * 4) Use the actions available for each unit to manually do the remaining alignment
 * 5) As translated units editable, do required manual improvements (for add translation variables, fix links and markup, etc.)
 * 6) Click on the "" button. This will create pages under the Translations namespace of the form  . The old translations have been imported into Translate.
 * 7) Else, if you wish to abort the importing, click on the 'Cancel' button.

Actions available
Each row consisting of source and target unit has a set of action icons. They are used as follows:
 * 1) Add: Clicking on this action icon adds a new empty unit below the current one. Use this feature if you want to split the current unit and need a unit below.
 * 2) Swap: Clicking on this action icon swaps the content of the current unit with the unit below it. You can use this feature when the units get aligned improperly due to different ordering of sections. Or when you need to drag a unit below or above. In either case, remember it swaps with the unit below and does not create any additional units.
 * 3) Delete: Clicking on this action icon completely removes the corresponding target unit from the page and shifts the remaining target units up by one unit. Use this to remove unwanted content like code or imported translations which are present completely in the source language. Note: this irrevocable action (in the current session).

Troubleshooting

 * 1) If you mark a page for translation and immediately go to the special page and try to import translations, you may get an error message like "". This is because FuzzyBot didn't fuzzy the messages on the old page yet: the tool won't find an edit by FuzzyBot on the translation page. In this case, simply wait for FuzzyBot to do its job. Once an edit is seen, you can proceed with the imports.
 * 2) Please wait for some time after pressing the "" button. While the button remains gray background, there is a process of import non-empty units. Once the button becomes colored again, import is completed.

Tips

 * 1) Migration will be easier if you first (before the mark to translation) check whether existing translations are similar to the original English text, and manually edit the structure of pages: break paragraphs and lists, add the missing headers (even if empty).
 * 2) Will be useful to check the result in the core translation interface - some of the units may be immediately marked as obsolete because of errors markup or if not all of the translation variables was added.
 * 3) Translation of the page title will have to be added manually. If you do not know very well the language of the imported page, you can try to find the translation of the page title among the "links here" or sometimes in redirects. Note: Please don't translate the namespace, keep it untranslated.