Docker

You can read about Docker here.

For production
Official

See Comparison_of_distribution_options.

Community

This is a list of community maintained docker installations of mediawiki (use at your own risk):
 * https://github.com/rlewkowicz/docker-mediawiki-stack/tree/REL1_28.
 * https://github.com/pastakhov/compose-mediawiki-ubuntu (MediaWiki + Memcached + Parsoid + RESTBase + Elasticsearch + Vagrant).

For development
Take a look at https://github.com/addshore/mediawiki-docker-dev which has a complete README to get you setup.