Extension:Memento

What can this extension do?
The idea of the Memento extension is it to make it as straightforward to access articles of the past as it is to access their current version.

The Memento framework allows you to see versions of articles as they existed at some date in the past. All you need to do is enter a URL of an article in your browser and specify the desired date in a browser plug-in. This way you can browse the Web of the past. What the Memento extension will present to you is a version of the article as it existed on or very close to the selected date. Obviously, this will only work if previous (archived) versions are available on the Web. Fortunately, MediaWiki is a Content Management System which implies that it maintains all revisions made to an article. This extension leverages this archiving functionality and provides native Memento support for MediaWiki.

Use Cases
Users often wish to see versions of resources both before and after certain events, for example, the page about Michael Jackson both before and after his death, or follow the evolution of the description of the TSA's approach to air travel security since 2001.

Additionally, editors can benefit from Memento access to see where the hot spots of activity are, and the differences before and after editing wars.

By exposing Memento TimeGates and giving HTTP access to versions, MediaWiki allows for easy access to software agents to perform time series analysis of its resources, either by extracting information from the article (text mining, data extraction, etc) or from the upcoming data platform Wikidata. As the information may change many times, allowing fine grained access is extremely valuable compared to the DBPedia implementation.

How Memento Works
This extension accesses older articles by implementing support for the Accept-Datetime HTTP header to perform content negotiation in the date-time dimension, built on the principles of RFC 2295. This enables MediaWiki to be used as a web archive. The IETF Memento Internet Draft provides complete technical information about the Memento framework.

The extension works in two simple steps:
 * When an article is requested by a client, this extension will return the URL to a TimeGate in the HTTP Link header.
 * Upon navigating to the TimeGate, it redirects the client to the version of the requested resource that was the live version at the date-time expressed.

The date-time should be expressed as a value of the Accept-Datetime HTTP header. The MementoFox Firefox Extension can be used to set this date-time value and browse the past web, thus making your web browser a time machine.

This plug-in uses the same handlers as MediaWiki to connect to the database. Hence all the existing database permissions and page access permissions are honored. This plug-in only uses a 'DB_SLAVE' database connection, which means that the database connection can only read from the tables. Therefore, this plug-in makes no changes to the data in the wiki.

Download instructions

 * Unzip the file memento.zip to your MediaWiki extensions folder.

Installation
To install this extension, add the following to LocalSettings.php:

Note: $IP stands for the root directory of your MediaWiki installation, the same directory that holds LocalSettings.php.

Configuration parameters
Optional: Set this variable to true if you want memento functionality for deleted articles. You may omit this variable and the extension will assume it as false.

Short URL
This plugin works with Short URLs only. If your server does not support Short URL, add these lines to your LocalSettings.php file.

Server Setup
In addition to the default MediaWiki installation, this plugin will also work in a setup with URL rewriting. This plugin will also work with wikis in a proxy setup.

Time Interval and PHP Version
When specifying date-time for retrieving a memento, a client can also specify time intervals as explained in the Memento RFC. For time intervals to work with this extension, the minimum required PHP version is 5.3.0. If the wiki server is installed with an older version, the plugin will return HTTP status code 501 Not Implemented, when time interval is specified by the client.

TimeGates, TimeBundles/TimeMaps and their Workings
The earlier implementations of this plugin combined the functionality of a TimeGate and the Memento Plugin into one single extension. This version of the plugin however, implements a separate TimeGate. A TimeGate is a resource that enables transparent datetime content negotiation. The TimeMap exposes all the available mementos for a resource enabling cross-archive services and provides finer datetime granularity.

The current implementation has three separate plugins:
 * 1) Memento Plugin: When visiting any article in your wiki, this client will return the URL of the article's TimeGate in the Link header. This URL can be used to retrieve the mementos of the article.
 * 2) TimeGate: The TimeGate parses the datetime in the Accept-Datetime header, performs the content negotiations and redirects the client to the appropriate version that was live during the datetime expressed in the header.
 * 3) TimeMap: The TimeMap retrieves the mementos of the article, and serializes it in application/link-format.

The TimeGate can be accessed directly with the URL: http://your.wikiserver.here/index.php/Special:TimeGate. This extension will return the URL of the TimeGate in the Link header for every article that is visited. The URL format is: http://your.wikiserver.here/index.php/Special:TimeGate/http://your.wikiserver.here/index.php/Title The Memento page returns the URL to the TimeMap in the Link header. The URL format is: http://your.wikiserver.here/index.php/Special:TimeMap/http://your.wikiserver.here/index.php/Title

Usage
The best way to experience this extension is by installing the MementoFox Plugin for the Firefox browser. After installing MementoFox, enter the URL of a page in your wiki and set the desired date-time in MementoFox. MementoFox will use the TimeGate installed in the wiki to redirect you to the version of the article that was live at the requested date-time.

After setting the date-time in MementoFox, a user can click both the internal and external links in the page and navigate the web in the past.

This extension can also be used and tested in two other ways:


 * 1) Using a Firefox browser: Install the Modify Headers Firefox extension. Then set the Accept-Datetime header from the Tools/Modify Headers menu option. The syntax to use is Accept-Datetime: Sat, 03 Oct 2009 10:00:00 GMT</tt>. Set it to a date-time at which your wiki was already generating history pages. Then enter a URL of a page from your wiki that has associated history pages around the date-time you chose. Using the Live HTTP Headers Firefox Extension, the request and response headers involved in this transaction can be seen. The URL to the TimeGate can be obtained from the <Link> header, using this extension. This URL can be used to navigate to the TimeGate.
 * 2) Using the UNIX command line tool curl</tt>:

For complete information about the memento framework and it's request and response headers, please refer to the IETF Memento Internet Draft.

Namespaces
The extension renders the requested page the same way MediaWiki does. It queries the wiki database table page</tt> with the requested title. Both MediaWiki reserved namespaces and custom namespaces are accounted for by retrieving the namespace_id</tt> from the object $wgTitle</tt>. If the namespace does not exist, then the extension treats the namespace also as part of the title.

For example, if the requested title is 'Memento:Main_Page', the plugin will first check if a namespace exist for "Memento" and retrieve it's corresponding namespace_id</tt>. It will then query the page</tt> table for the title 'Main_Page' with the namespace_id</tt>. Otherwise, it will treat "Memento" also as part of the title and search the page</tt> table for the title 'Memento:Main_Page'. If the title could not be found in the database, then an HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found</tt> is returned.

Templates
Mediawiki by default, retrieves the most recent version of a template when transcluded in an article. This extension cannot perform datetime content negotiations on transcluded templates. However, we have written a quick fix that would perform this operation by adding the following code to the file Parser.php</tt> in the directory path/to/wiki/includes/parser/</tt>. Paste the code above in the function statelessFetchTemplate(...)</tt>, immediately after the variable  is declared. This code will fetch the revision_id of the template for the datetime requested and direct mediawiki to use this rev_id</tt> instead of fetching the latest version of the template. This code's been written for mediawiki version 1.8+.

This patch to the MediaWiki core is NOT MANDATORY for this plugin to work.

Caching
Mediawiki by default searches it's cache for templates using the title and retrieves the most recent version. For best result, it is recommended that the caching is disabled for templates so that mediawiki always queries the database for the revision. this can be done by either commenting the respective lines in the function getTemplateDom</tt> in Parser.php or write a simple code to skip the caching part if the Accept-Datetime</tt> header is detected.

Special Pages
Special pages under the URL http://your.wikiserver.here/index.php/Special:SpecialPages do not have a history, i.e. there are no revisions to these pages. Hence, the Memento extension will return an <tt>HTTP/1.1 406 Not Acceptable</tt>.

Deleted Contributions
To perform date-time negotiations for the deleted revisions in MediaWiki, most wiki setups require "Administrator" privileges for the user logged in. Even with administrative access, MediaWiki can only show the revisions in "Edit" mode.

To enable this feature, set the configuration variable <tt>$wgMementoConfigDeleted</tt> to <tt>true</tt> in LocalSettings.php.

Timestamps
This extension searches for and retrieves the revisions of an article using the time the article's date modified. Timestamps are not unique identifiers and it is possible that an article will have more than one revision at any given time. This extension handles this situation by redirecting to the revision that has the highest revision id.

MediaWiki does not resolve deleted revisions using revision ids, but use timestamps instead in their URIs. Hence, we could not come up with a way to resolve a situation when more than one deleted revision has the same timestamp.

Wikis with Memento Plug-in Installed
JISC Dev8D

W3C Wiki

DCMI Wiki