Extension:Moderation/es

La extensión Moderation provee protección contra el vandalismo en wikis pequeños y medianos.

Este es uno de los métodos de protección anti-vandalismo más efectivos y tiene muy poco impacto en usuarios legítimos.

Introducción

 * ¿Cómo funciona?:
 * 1) Cada edición (o imagen subida) por un nuevo usuario es enviada a una cola de moderación.
 * 2) Hasta que el moderador apruebe esta edición, la página no sufre cambios. Ediciones pendientes no están ni en el historial de la página ni en CambiosRecientes.
 * 3) El usuario puede ver su edición y continuar editando su propia versión de la página.

" Si un conflicto de ediciones se detecta y no puede ser resuelto automáticamente, el moderador tiene un botón de fusionar para aplicar la edición manualmente.
 * ¿Cómo moderan los administradores?:
 * 1) Una nueva página especial es proporcionada (Especial:Moderación). Se parece mucho a CambiosRecientes, pero tiene botones de "Aprobar", "Rechazar", "Aprobar todo" y "Rechazar todo".
 * 2) Las ediciones rechazadas se van al archivo de rechazados.
 * 3) Las ediciones aprobadas se aplican normalmente.
 * 4) Se mantienen registros de "quién aprobó qué". Sólo los moderadores pueden verlo.


 * ¿Por qué es bueno?:
 * 1) Los nuevos usuarios no se desaniman por  molestos, verificaciones de número telefónico, etc. Ellos editan normalmente, como si lo hicieran en MediaWiki sin moderación.
 * 2) Los bloqueos se vuelven prácticamente obsoletos. Y los bloqueos no son buenos (considere la posibilidad de golpear a un usuario legítimo con un bloqueo de rango, o la incapacidad de permitir buenas ediciones de un usuario no muy adecuado que a veces tiene la necesidad de vandalizar una página o dos).
 * 3) Se desaconseja el vandalismo por "querer ser notado". Nadie se sentaría durante 5 horas buscando proxies nuevos para enojar al administrador, si se sabe que todas esas acciones no son un problema.
 * 4) Los métodos de vandalismo como "destrozar una página de dos cuentas para evitar la reversión con un solo clic" ya no son efectivos.
 * 5) Los sitios web pueden operar en redes anónimas como TOR o I2P.
 * 6) Users can hide their mistakes from appearing in the revision history and even from moderators by fixing them in time.

Alternativas
¿MediaWiki tiene otros métodos contra el vandalismo? En resumen - no realmente.

MediaWiki fue desarrollado para Wikipedia. En cualquier momento, Wikipedia tiene cientos de voluntarios dispuestos a revertir vandalismo en tiempo real. Casi cualquier otro wiki a parte de Wikipedia no tiene ese tipo de ventaja. La idea integrada contra el vandalismo de MediaWiki es que el vandalismo lleva más tiempo que revertirlo. Normalmente es cierto, pero esto hace un mal trabajo al desaconsejar el vandalismo, y los administradores todavía tienen que revisar si hay vandalismo seguido, incluso si revertirlo no toma mucho de su tiempo.

Hay tres métodos conocidos para luchar contra el vandalismo:

For example, a user can create 100 pages with offensive titles, but they can all be deleted by two clicks in. Moderation extension belongs to this category.
 * 1) Hacer difíciles todas las ediciones. Por ejemplo, Lurkmore.to impone un captcha fuerte en todas las ediciones de nuevos usuarios, y se requiere muchas ediciones para finalmente ser capaz de editar sin el captcha. Por lo tanto el vándalo tiene que pasar mucho tiempo en hacer algunas ediciones.
 * El contra obvio es que todos los usuarios legítimos tienen que pasar el captcha también, lo que podría desalentar ediciones menores como corregir errores de ortografía.
 * 1) Hace cumplir la verificación de usuario - por ejemplo, iniciar sesión vía Facebook. Si la red social verifica que todos sus usuarios tienen un número de teléfono válido, entonces cada intento de vandalismo requiere que el vándalo vaya a la tienda y compre una nueva tarjeta SIM. Este método es extremadamente efectivo, aunque elimina las ediciones anónimas y rechaza a los usuarios que no tienen una cuenta en ninguna red social aceptada.
 * Un fuerte contra de este método es el impacto en la privacidad de los usuarios. En países no democráticos, editar una página de política puede acabar en que el gobierno trate de identificar y perseguir al usuario. Por ejemplo, Lurkmore.to fue contactado por la "fuerza especial anti-extremista" rusa con demandas de revelar información sobre los autores de páginas sobre Ramzan Kadyrov y el cóctel Molotov.
 * 1) Mitigate the results of vandalism.

Is this extension stable?
This extension is stable. It has been deployed in production on Russian Uncyclopedia (absurdopedia.net) since November 2014.

The extension has an automated testsuite with significant coverage (phpunit and Selenium). Every change to Moderation is automatically tested on:


 * 1) newest version of MediaWiki
 * 1) MediaWiki 1.35 (LTS)
 * 2) MediaWiki 1.31 ( legacy LTS )

Please read the files KNOWN_LIMITATIONS, TODO and WONT_DO for all known issues. Feel free to contact the author if you have any questions.

What's the difference from FlaggedRevs or Approved Revs?
and hide the bad revisions only from readers. The vandal edits will still exist in history and RecentChanges, and all editors will stumble upon them when they try to edit the page which was vandalized. Therefore editors would have to revert vandalism quickly.

On the other hand, Moderation completely eliminates vandal edits: non-approved revisions are simply not created in page history, etc. This ensures that not only readers, but also other editors won't see the vandal edits in any of the pages.

In short, (1) FlaggedRevs is for quality control but doesn't help against persistent vandalism. (2) Moderation is specifically against vandalism and renders it completely ineffective.

Installation
For modern versions of MediaWiki (1.35+), use the following instruction:

Installation for older versions of MediaWiki
For MediaWiki 1.31-1.34, replace the above-mentioned "git clone" command with the following:

For MediaWiki 1.27-1.30, replace the above-mentioned "git clone" command with the following:

For MediaWiki 1.23-1.26, replace the above-mentioned "git clone" command with the following:

These versions may still receive security fixes (if any), but not new features.

Parameters for LocalSettings.php

 * $wgModerationEnable: If set to false, then new edits are applied as usual (not sent to moderation). Default: true.
 * $wgModerationTimeToOverrideRejection: Time (in seconds) after which rejected edit could no longer be approved. Default: 2 weeks. Note: old rejected edits are NOT deleted (moderators can always look at them in Rejected folder even if this time has elapsed).
 * $wgModerationOnlyInNamespaces: If set to an array of namespace numbers (e.g. ), moderation is only enabled in these namespaces (edits in other namespaces will bypass moderation). Default (empty array): moderation is enabled everywhere.
 * $wgModerationIgnoredInNamespaces: If set to an array of namespace numbers (e.g. ), non-automoderated users can bypass moderation in these namespaces. Default (empty array): moderation can't be bypassed anywhere.
 * $wgModerationNotificationEnable: If true, notification email will be sent to $wgModerationEmail (e.g. ) each time an edit is queued for moderation. Default: false.
 * $wgModerationNotificationNewOnly: If true, only notify about new pages (but not about edits in existing pages). Default: false.

See also: #Configuration options ONLY for pre-publish review (options not recommended for 95% of wikis).

Additional anti-vandalism tips
In order to prevent vandalism, the following additional measures should be applied:


 * 1) Please restrict the renaming of pages to a trusted group (not just "automoderated"), because it can be used for difficult-to-revert vandalism.
 * 1) Registering new accounts with offensive names is still a way for a vandal to show itself in the RecentChanges. A simple solution is to remove newusers log from RecentChanges:

Recommended use / good practices
The following good-practices are advised:

Not-so-good edits with good intentions (e.g. adding excessive plot details into the Wikipedia article about film) are better made Approved and then reverted as usual. This way the author is not offended and the text is saved in page history, viewable by anyone. Better promote them to  manually for one good edit and not promote for 30 useless-edits-made-for-count. Don't "just in case", except maybe for important templates. Their useful edits to the articles should be allowed, no matter how many times they were blocked. At the same time, trolling on talk pages should be rejected, so are the purposely-low-quality edits.
 * 1) Only vandalism should be Rejected.
 * 1) Any user that is deemed legitimate (does N good edits) should be added into   group.
 * 1) Adding users to   group via  is NOT recommended, as it motivates the vandals to do many very-minor edits (e.g. adding interwiki).
 * 1) Abstain from using.
 * 1) Allow the full rehabilitation of users with a bad history of editing.
 * 1) Please note that an editor who appears to be resubmitting a rejected edit does not necessarily imply an intent to edit-war, but the editor might have made changes to their pending edit without noticing that it was rejected in the meantime.

Non-recommended use: Moderation as pre-publish review extension
Moderation is an anti-vandalism tool first, but some wikis use it for quality control. For example, a wiki of scientific works might choose to:


 * 1) Not Approve any edits until they meet the strict quality standards of the industry.
 * 1) Not Reject any edits that are not yet good enough, so that the author could continue editing it as long as necessary.

Pros of this approach:


 * 1) New page appears as a fully reviewed, correctly formatted document with no typos, etc.
 * 1) No one except the author and moderators would see the imperfect revisions.

Cons:


 * 1) Other users can't improve the article until it is Approved. In fact, they won't even know that it exists.
 * 1) Pending changes don't have an "edit history". Moderation stores only 1 pending change for each Page/User pair. That's inconvenient if you are preparing your page for publication for weeks. User can even accidentally delete the necessary text in their pending revision, and it won't be recoverable.

Configuration options ONLY for pre-publish review
The following parameters are only needed when using Moderation for review. They are not recommended for 95% of wikis (when following the Best Practices, they are totally not needed).

''Why not recommended? Answer: when following Best Practices, you would never Reject a good change just because it is formatted poorly. Whether this edit is good or not, you know from "diff" link. "Preview" link tells you "how is this page formatted", which shouldn't affect your decision.'' ''Why not recommended? Answer: easy to mess up. Moderator can accidentally delete the text of pending edit (and it won't be recoverable). Furthermore, these changes are not attributed to moderator (after approval, it looks as if the original author made the edit this way), which is creepy.''
 * $wgModerationPreviewLink: If true, Preview link is shown on Special:Moderation. Default: false.
 * $wgModerationEnableEditChange: If true, moderators can modify the text of pending changes before Approving. Default: false.

Compatibility with other extensions
Theoretically it should also work with other API-based editors. (currently very few extensions do)
 * 1) Extension:Moderation should be enabled last in LocalSettings.php, because it aborts at least  hook.
 * 1) Extension:Moderation fully supports, meaning that if CheckUser extension is enabled, then any approved edit will have correct IP, user-agent and XFF saved in the checkuser tables.
 * 1) Extension:Moderation is fully compatible with  and.
 * 1)  (also known as Flow) and  will work, but edits in Flow/CommentStreams forums will bypass moderation.
 * Moderation of Flow forums should be implemented in Extension:StructuredDiscussions itself. These forums use a non-text "content model", which is not supported by Moderation.
 * CommentStreams extension misinterprets "edit was queued for moderation" as an error, which can only be fixed in Extension:CommentStreams itself.
 * 1) Extensions that modify several slots of Multi-Content Revisions (not just the main slot, as MediaWiki itself does) are not yet supported.