MediaWiki-Vagrant/zh





MediaWiki-Vagrant 是一个轻便的 MediaWiki 开发环境. 它包含了一系列 Vagrant 和 VirtualBox 的配置脚本，目的是使运行 MediaWiki 虚拟机的创建自动化. 由于配置是面向易于开发而不是安全，MediaWiki-Vagrant 不建议公开访问维基.

用 MediaWiki-Vagrant 创建的虚拟机使得它易于学习，修改和完善MediaWiki的代码：有用的调试信息显示的是默认的，各种开发人员工具都是专门用来检查和与MediaWiki代码进行交互的，包括一个强大的调试器和交互式解释器. 最重要的是，因为配置是自动化的，并且包含在虚拟环境中，所以出错的东西很容易恢复.

System requirements

 * CPU: 64-bit x86 processor
 * OS: Linux, macOS, or Windows
 * Memory:At least 4 GiB RAM total on your system, preferably 8 GiB or more, in order to run both the host operating system and the VM. Do not attempt to run on a system with only 2 GiB RAM, it will eventually fail.
 * Disk:Must have several gigabytes free on the primary drive (/home partition for Linux, C: drive for Windows). Note in particular that the VM disk images will be stored under your home directory by default.
 * Network:Active network connection with sufficient bandwidth to download Debian Linux updates and MediaWiki source code
 * Time for setup:20 minutes to 2 hours, depending on conditions and if you have any troubles

快速入门
(If you are installing MediaWiki-Vagrant from the USB distribution, follow the steps in the README rather than the first four steps.)

  获取Git  (Linux only) Install NFS if it is not already installed. In Ubuntu, use. Fedora usually come with NFS installed, but try  and see the specific documentation page to make sure a Fedora NFS setup is OK.   获取最新版本VirtualBox Note: The latest VirtualBox (5.2.0) does not work with the latest Vagrant (2.0.0). Please install VirtualBox 5.1.30.  获取最新版本Vagrant  获取代码并创建您的机器：

As of early 2017, you might encounter errors during this vagrant up step, where git is unable to clone mediawiki. This is a very cumbersome problem that we track at T152801. If you are getting this error, try the following:
 * 1) in , set
 * 2) in  :
 * 3) uncomment lines 19-20 (start of VM config loops)
 * 4) uncomment line 28, set the memory to 3128
 * 5) uncomment line 32 (end of first loop)
 * 6) uncomment line 45 (end of second loop)
 * 7) copy support/Vargantfile-extra.rb to the root of the repo



Enable additional MediaWiki features, e.g.:

 When Vagrant is done configuring your machine, browse to http://127.0.0.1:8080/ to find your MediaWiki instance. You can login with user  and password. If you have enabled VisualEditor, you will need to browse http://dev.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080/ instead. If you encounter "No wiki found.." message on the above instance, try to destroy vagrant. 

If prompted, enter your Gerrit user name (recommended), or just press Enter.

如果你是在 Windows 上运行
获取用于Windows的Git版本并在其Git Bash壳中运行 命令. 从 运行.

启动故障排除
如果您的问题在此没有回答，建议在IRC询问，频道位于.

任何主机
例如：
 * You can try installing the versions of VirtualBox and Vagrant that your Linux distribution provides. If you're running recent Debian or Ubuntu, try sudo apt-get install virtualbox vagrant to install the packages for VirtualBox and Vagrant.
 * If you get errors from vagrant up, instead install the most recent versions of VirtualBox and Vagrant.
 * If you run into error message like "Couldn't open file $CLONED_REPOSITORY/trusty-cloud", try the following command: vagrant up --provider=virtualbox
 * If you got any puppet errors you might need to init puppet submodules, on vagrant directory run git submodule update --init
 * Use http://127.0.0.1:8080/info.php to check that Apache/PHP is up and running.
 * You might want to compare the output of the initial run of vagrant up in your terminal with this sample. The initial setup may take a long time; if it seems to hang somewhere but there are no errors, just give it a while.
 * If you get warnings that your VirtualBox Guest Additions are the wrong version, you can try installing the vagrant-vbguest plugin which updates them automatically.
 * Vagrant rarely loses pairing with your VM. This thread discusses some ways to work around it (e.g. attaching old VM harddrive to the new profile)
 * Make sure that  repository is up to date:
 * Make sure that  repository is up to date:
 * Make sure that you have enabled virtualization in the BIOS. Sometimes this is under the Security settings.
 * Make sure your language encoding settings are UTF-8. If you get "invalid byte sequence in US-ASCII", try (re)setting your LANG and LC_ALL environment variables to something suitable.

Windows相关

 * If you are on Windows and you get "guest machine entered an invalid state" - "poweroff", try downloading a 4.3.15 build of VirtualBox (there is a known problem with 4.3.14 on Windows). If that does not help, make sure you enable Hardware Virtualization Technology (VT-x or AMD-V) in BIOS. Hardware Virtualization is required. It is not an optional performance enhancement. (Some laptops require you to remove the power cable and battery for 30 seconds )
 * VirtualBox is incompatible with Microsoft's Hyper-V. If you have Hyper-V enabled – which may be the default if you have installed Visual Studio – you'll get the above errors trying to boot up a VM in VirtualBox. There are three possibilities:
 * In command prompt run bcdedit /set hypervisorlaunchtype off to turn off Hyper-V and reboot. To turn Hyper-V back on set it back to auto instead of off
 * Disable Hyper-V through 'Add/Remove Windows Features' in Control Panel and reboot. This will get VirtualBox working, but will prevent you from using any Hyper-V VMs you may have, such as Windows Phone emulators.
 * or, use the Hyper-V provider for Vagrant instead of VirtualBox. This may be unstable.

Mac相关

 * NFS errors To avoid NFS errors, while installing ensure the firewall will accept connections: Apple > System Preferences > Security & Privacy > Firewall > Firewall Options. You will need to UNcheck "Block all incoming connections" and probably also UNcheck "Enable stealth mode" in order to accept the following: netbiosd, nfsd, rpc.lockd, rpc.rquotad, rpcbind, VBoxHeadless. Note, you may need to restart your computer and change the status to "Allow incoming connections" during a couple s. After installation, you may be able to re-check "Block all incoming connections and "Enable stealth mode" now that the firewall rules have been updated.
 * Alternatively you can turn off NFS shares via

Debian 和 Ubuntu
MediaWiki-Vagrant 使用 NFS 与主机 (你的电脑)共享某些文件夹. 您需要设置计算机作为一台“NFS 服务器”. On Debian, sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server will work; you may need to  as well. Note that Debian's NFS server will not start without an entry in . If   doesn't show "nfs" services running, this is likely what's going on. Adding your home directory as the last line in  and then /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart will usually be good enough to get you past this chicken-and-egg problem.


 * The NFS shares used by MediaWiki-Vagrant cannot be run from an encrypted directory as may be the case if you are running on Ubuntu and using an encrypted home directory. To run MediaWiki-Vagrant you can either:
 * Move the MediaWiki-Vagrant directory to an unencrypted volume (e.g. ) before running
 * Alternatively you can turn off NFS shares via
 * NFS setup seems to get stuck sometimes (initial  hangs at "Mounting NFS shared folders"). Restarting the NFS daemon on the host helps. (See #5802.)


 * If you are getting port forwarding errors saying the ports are in use, you may need to open up virtualbox, entirely remove the virtual machine, and try again.

Debian "wheezy"（和更早版本）
天哪！ Your distro has an older version of the Vagrant package, you must install from the official site instead. This is what your failure will look like otherwise:

基本用法
The vagrant command-line tool on the host machine provides several subcommands for controlling your virtual machine. You've already used one: vagrant up, which turns on the virtual machine. Like most vagrant subcommands, you need to run it from the MediaWiki-Vagrant directory or one of its children. When you first run it, Vagrant will fetch a system image and set up requisite software for running MediaWiki. This can take 1–2 hours of CPU and wall clock time on a broadband connection, but it only needs to happen once. When you run vagrant up in the future, it will simply boot up the machine.

vagrant ssh starts an interactive login shell on the virtual machine. It'll log you in as the user vagrant ; root access is available to via sudo, which is passwordless. Because the virtual machine is entirely sandboxed within your computer, it is configured for convenience, not security. As a rule, whenever you encounter a password prompt, the password is.

When you log in, you should see a colorful MediaWiki banner and a few reminders of useful commands.

The command hhvmsh will start an interactive PHP interpreter with MediaWiki's codebase already loaded. You can type in some code, hit 'enter', and the code will be evaluated immediately. If you start a line with '=', its computed value will be pretty-printed. Type ? for quick help or help start for additional instructions.

The  folder corresponds to the MediaWiki-Vagrant folder on your host machine, and its contents is shared. MediaWiki's code is installed in. This allows you to use your normal editor environment on your host machine to edit the MediaWiki code that runs on your virtual machine.

Use vagrant git-update to keep your git repositories, external libraries, and database schema up to date. This command is equivalent to running
 * 1) git pull in   and all extension and skin directories
 * 2) composer update to ensure that the latest Composer-managed libraries are available
 * 3) finally the   script.

You should also occasionally (or when needed for a new feature) update MediaWiki-Vagrant itself, which vagrant git-update does not include. Run:

in your MediaWiki-Vagrant root directory. This will take effect when you run:

(immediately or later).

Log out of your virtual machine by typing logout or by pressing CTRL + D. Now that you're back in a standard command prompt, you can run vagrant halt to shut down the virtual machine and vagrant up to bring it back up. vagrant destroy will delete the virtual machine's files; this command is useful if you want to return your instance to a pristine state. (You'll need to follow up with vagrant up to provision a fresh instance.)

使用任务
MediaWiki-Vagrant sets up a basic MediaWiki instance by default, but it also knows how to configure a range of complementary software, including some popular MediaWiki extensions and their dependencies. These optional software stacks are collectively known as 'roles', and MediaWiki-Vagrant offers an easy and powerful command-line interface for managing them.

 $ vagrant roles list


 * 1) Display a list of available roles.

<div style="font-family: Consolas, monaco, monospace; font-size: 13px; background-color: #333; color: #fff; padding: 1px 12px; width: 375px;margin: auto;"> $ vagrant roles enable role


 * 1) Turn on role for this machine.

<div style="font-family: Consolas, monaco, monospace; font-size: 13px; background-color: #333; color: #fff; padding: 1px 12px; width: 375px;margin: auto;"> $ vagrant roles disable role


 * 1) Turn off role for this machine.

<div style="font-family: Consolas, monaco, monospace; font-size: 13px; background-color: #333; color: #fff; padding: 1px 12px; width: 375px;margin: auto;"> $ vagrant provision


 * 1) After you are done enabling and/or disabling roles, run this to make the change take effect.

Watch a short screencast demonstrating how to use roles. Roles has more information about some roles.

If you add many roles, you may need to increase memory available to the Vagrant VM. In particular, setting up the "browsertests" role involves compiling the  ruby Gem which is a memory-hungry task; if it fails try freeing some memory in the VM or increasing its memory allocation.

See the section Authoring roles below if you're interested in adding roles to MediaWiki-Vagrant.

centralauth
There are some roles that require special attention, centralauth role does not run db migrations automatically via puppet and requires running those by hand. If you get errors on provisioning this role try to run this script on the extension and see the errors it outputs:

mwscript extensions/CentralAuth/maintenance/migrateAccount.php --username 'Admin' --auto

Once you get a more concrete error you probably need to know what migration you need to run from the ones here:

extensions/CentralAuth/db_patches

本地MediaWiki核心拷贝
Sometimes you may want to start over from scratch by removing the entire vagrant directory or cleaning out the vagrant/mediawiki directory. In order to speed up the vagrant provisioning process, you may want to consider keeping a local, updated clone of the MediaWiki core that you copy into vagrant/mediawiki.

for example, assuming you are cloning MediaWiki repos into ~/projects/mediawiki/ :

Update cloned repos
Update the cloned repos as often as possible/necessary.

Or to update all cloned repos:

Vagrant reload
If you change configuration (e.g. vagrant_ram, your VM/MediaWiki web site freezes, or you experience a problem, vagrant reload may resolve it. This will restart your guest. Some roles also require a reload, which should happen automatically.

When to enable roles
Enable roles only once you've successfully run your first vagrant up.

Vagrant behind proxy
If you are behind a proxy, Vagrant might throw some errors. 您可以安装 vagrant-proxyconf. It’s a plugin that allows your virtual machine to use specified proxies. This is a quick set up guide. For a detailed documentation you may check here.

安装插件：

To configure proxy settings for all softwares on all vagrant VMs, add following lines to your  (default  ).

Replace the addresses with the ip and port number of your proxy server. Use the config.proxy.no_proxy option to list out all the sites/domains for which you might want to bypass proxy. For example,

Now when you run a vagrant up, there shouldn’t be any warnings.

To disable the plugin set config.proxy.enabled to false or empty string (""). You can also disable it for specific applications. For example,

MediaWiki-Vagrant prep
You may want to consider using a shell script such as mw-vagrant-prep to prepare a directory for a MediaWiki-Vagrant install.

准备
You can debug the provisioning process by running

PHP
See Manual:How to debug#HHVM. But first work around.

You can debug PHP with Xdebug if you vagrant enable-role zend. Debugging in PHP is different from other client-side debugging. Your IDE listens for incoming connections, and when you access the server with a browser, a special header instructs PHP to connect to your IDE. See MediaWiki-Vagrant/Advanced usage for further information.

Chrome

 * For Chrome users, you should get XDebug Helper, and optionally Clear Cache, HTTP headers, and Mod Headers. Configure clear cache to automatically reload after clearing, and set up keyboard shortcuts (e.g. Ctrl+R for clear&reload, Ctrl+Shift+D to switch XDebugger on/off)

Firefox

 * Firefox users should check out easy Xdebug.
 * Install and configure an xdebug-compatible IDE on your machine (Eclipse, PhpStorm, Emacs, etc)
 * In IDE, start listening for the incoming debug connection
 * In IDE, set break point at the spot that interests you
 * Enable XDebug in the browser and navigate to your vagrant installation ( http://127.0.0.1:8080/... )

日志文件
The mediawiki logs can be found in /vagrant/logs. There are log files for Apache in /var/log/apache2/, but it seems they are not written to. There is a log file for HHVM in /var/log/hhvm/. The PHP notices, warnings, errors, uncaught exceptions are logged by HHVM to the syslog which you can see in /var/log/syslog. The MySQL query log can be obtained by issuing SET GLOBAL general_log = 'ON'; in a client and then looking at /var/lib/mysql/*.log.

运行并调试测试单元
要运行测试：

You can append path/to/tests/to/run.

Some tests may require running as the proper user to create lock files and such, hence this command runs as the "user"  that handles web requests.

For building coverage reports, see Manual:PHP unit testing/Code coverage.

Debugging phpunit tests is a little more complex. This method is a bit hacky, but can be used until debugging remote interpreter improves (e.g. in phpStorm 8 EAP). This workaround lets you run MediaWiki unit tests from the browser.
 * Download phpunit.phar file to the root of you vagrant directory.
 * Create a php file  in the root of the   directory. Do not commit this file to the repository. Paste the following code into it:


 * 在上面的文件中将参数argv更改为测试文件的名称
 * Apache maps the root of the mediawiki directory to . So navigate to http://127.0.0.1:8080/w/unittest.php to run this file
 * Follow #Debugging instructions to attach your debugger

运行浏览器测试
请参见这个页面.

推送更改
If you're using MediaWiki-Vagrant for development you'll probably want to push some commits to MediaWiki core or an extension's repository using git review. By default, all remotes point to the  URLs. To avoid overriding this on a case by case basis, run:

$ git config --global url."ssh:// @gerrit.wikimedia.org:29418/".insteadOf "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/p/"

You also need to have your ssh keys in.

我如何XXX？

 * 检查PHP版本和设置
 * http://127.0.0.1:8080/info.php


 * Edit LocalSettings.php?
 * First, check that there is no role ( vagrant list-roles ) that already does what you need. If not, create a file in  directory. See README and 00-debug.php-example file.


 * Update MediaWiki code?
 * The easiest is to use  from the host.  Or, to just update the code without dependencies, you can use regular git ,  , etc. commands in   and   directories. You can run these commands on the virtual machine, but the file access will be faster on the host machine. MediaWiki-Vagrant pulls code from git master when you initially set up and/or add a role, but doesn't automatically update code after that.


 * Run MediaWiki PHP interpreter
 * ssh to vagrant and run . You might need to run it with


 * Run MediaWiki SQL interpreter
 * ssh to vagrant and run . You might need to run it with

''NN packages can be updated. NN updates are security updates.'' In vagrant ssh:
 * Update virtual machine software packages?
 * does not update system packages in the VM. When you connect with vagrant ssh the login message will inform that you:
 * to update all packages, enter
 * for "automatic installation of security (and other) upgrades", similar to Cloud VPS instances, enter
 * to update to the same packages that are on production WMF servers... TODO


 * Customize Vagrant
 * You should never need to change Vagrantfile directly. There are several aspects of vagrant you can customize:
 * Core settings (git user, ports, ram, ip, port forwarding) can be customized via .settings.yaml file. See  and   for instructions. So for example you may run   to enable port forwarding from host:1234 to guest:80.
 * Perform additional steps after Vagrantfile load by creating a file called Vagrantfile-extra.rb and placing it in the same folder as Vagrantfile - it will be automatically loaded. In case of conflict, values in the 'extra' file will supersede values in this file. See example in support/ directory.


 * 添加自定义Puppet代码？
 * This is ideal if you want to work on your own MediaWiki site locally and let the MediaWiki-Vagrant install your dependencies for you. It's ideal if you have your own fork.  There is a distinction between a role and this use case. Roles are meant to be installed in any order and without breaking. If your fork needs different calls and get in trouble with roles, create your own class and call what you need, including roles.
 * To do so, place your custom puppet code in  with your own class, like so:

To apply your class, add it to the "classes" key in. You can create the file if it doesn't exist.

Then run  to apply the change via Puppet.


 * Update MediaWiki-Vagrant itself?
 * (For example, to use new roles.) In a terminal, change to the vagrant directory on the host computer and enter a regular git command such as . You will typically want to run   after updating to apply any new puppet changes to your virtual machine.


 * Run GUI applications on the virtual machine?
 * If you have an X server installed, SSH into the virtual machine using  to enable X forwarding. (Mac users should update to the latest version of XQuartz.)


 * As an alternative, you can run the virtual machine in GUI mode, which allows you to interact with the VM as though it had a physical display. To enable GUI mode, create a file called  in the root repository folder, with this as its content:


 * Save the file and run  followed by  . The virtual machine's display will appear in a window on your desktop.


 * <span id="Adjust_CPU"> Adjust the resources allocated to the VM?
 * If you'd like to allocate more or less CPU / RAM to the VM, see  for instructions.

Alternatively, you can do it by creating Vagrantfile-extra.rb (see support/ dir for an example):


 * Change the editor used for git commit messages?

Go to Special:NovaProxy, click "Add proxy" and enter a DNS hostname, say View your new wiki at " http:// /wiki/ "
 * Setup a custom hostname?

Create a local.yaml file in the /vagrant/puppet/hieradata directory. In it, add: 运行.
 * Make the custom hostname point to homepage of my vagrant role instead of wiki homepage?


 * Run a branch of MediaWiki other than master?
 * Set the "" key in .  You can create the file if it doesn't exist.


 * Run MediaWiki under PHP5 (Zend PHP) rather than HHVM?
 * Visit the  vhost that MediaWiki-Vagrant provisions automatically. This Apache vhost runs the same configuration as the default   vhost but using PHP5 instead of HHVM.
 * To convert all wikis in your MediaWiki-Vagrant instance to PHP5:  Note that this can significantly improve performance on some testing setups.

MediaWiki设置
As an alternative to managing all MediaWiki settings in a single, large LocalSettings.php file, consider grouping your configurations by component or theme, and creating a separate PHP file in  for each group. This makes it quite easy to keep your settings organized, to temporarily disable specific configurations, and to share settings with others. MediaWiki will automatically load any PHP files in  in lexical order. You can control the order in which your configurations are set by adopting the habit of adding a two-digit prefix to each file name.

例如：

<pre style="background-color: #efefef; border: 0; display: inline-block; font-family: Consolas, monaco, monospace; margin: 0.4em 0 1em; padding: 0.2em 0.6em;"> settings.d/   ├── 10-RunFirst.php ├── 20-SomeExtension.php └── 99-RunLast.php Note that the settings files in  are automatically created and destroyed in response to your Puppet configuration. Don't put your custom settings there, because Puppet will erase or override them. Keep your custom settings files in  instead.

Vagrant flags
vagrant config --list display a list of all current Vagrant flags.

After the initial, in your vagrant directory, you can then set one of the vagrant flags that appears in the config list, e.g.

Job queue
If you're testing something that needs to churn the job queue, you may need to increase the number of job runners. Currently this is not available through LocalSettings.php, but must be set in the config file for the job runner.


 * 1) Open
 * 2) Change the value for the ' ' key from   to the desired value (say,  )
 * 3) Re-provision with
 * 4) Beware this will be a difference from the git master in your code

See instructions above for adjusting CPU core count appropriately (highly recommended for CPU-bound task such as video transcoding).

程序编写任务
The virtual machine created by MediaWiki-Vagrant resembles Wikimedia's production environment in key respects, and it uses the same tool—Puppet—that Wikimedia's technical operations team uses to manage production servers and Wikimedia Cloud VPS instances. Puppet is a configuration management tool that provides a domain-specific language for expressing software configurations in a declarative fashion. Files containing Puppet code are called 'manifests'. When Puppet runs, it interprets the manifests you feed it and configures the machine accordingly. A Vagrant role is a set of Puppet manifests.

MediaWiki-Vagrant's Puppet codebase contains abstractions that make it easy to automate the configuration of MediaWiki extensions and related software. If you are a developer working on a software project that relates to MediaWiki, you are encouraged to submit a patch with a Puppet role for your project. Adding a Vagrant role for your project makes it easy for other developers to check out your work. Using a managed virtual machine as a development sandbox for your project reduces the chance of "works-on-my-machine" errors that often result from geographically remote developers working in incompatible environments.

The easiest way to get started with custom roles is to look at how existing roles are implemented in </>. These roles depend on Puppet modules in  (usually,   translates to a call to  ) and use files and templates from the other  </> directories. The Puppet code is generally well-documented and contains examples that demonstrate its proper usage.

Some of the more useful puppet modules are:
 * mediawiki::extension: install and configure an extension (example)
 * mediawiki::import::text: create a documentation or test page on the wiki (example: declaration, page)
 * mediawiki::import::dump: import a wiki dump (example)
 * require_package: install a system package (example)
 * exec: execute a shell command (example)

Setting up an instance on Cloud VPS
You can use MediaWiki-Vagrant in Cloud VPS to install MediaWiki on a Wikimedia Cloud VPS instance and enable MediaWiki-Vagrant roles in it.

错误
If you spot a bug in MediaWiki-Vagrant, please report it. First, make sure the bug is not a known Vagrant or VirtualBox bug by searching the Vagrant issue tracker on GitHub and the VirtualBox bugtracker. If it is not, go ahead and submit the bug to Wikimedia Phabricator. Clearly describe the issue and include steps to reproduce, whenever possible.

链接

 * Project page on Ohloh
 * MediaWiki-Vagrant on GitHub
 * Issue tracker on Phabricator
 * HHVM/Vagrant steps necessary to enable the hhvm role on older MediaWiki-Vagrant installs
 * Bash commands needed for quick start on Ubuntu
 * Bash commands needed for quick start on Ubuntu