Manual:Image administration/zh

这篇文章描述了MediaWiki如何存储于处理文件，并给出了配置的相关信息.

可以应用于包括但不限于图片等可以被上传的文件类型. 所有文件存储在对应的"File:"命名空间中. 在 MediaWiki 1.14 之前，使用的是"Image:"命名空间 "Image:" is still retained as an alias for backward compatibility.

Upload and usage of images
参见

启用图片上传
To upload files, these conditions have to be met:


 * 1) MediaWiki must have uploads enabled. Set  to true.
 * 2) The file type must be allowed. More information:.
 * 3) The user must be in a group with the "upload" right. By default this is given to all logged-in users.

Uploads are done using Special:Upload.

See, 

Relevant parameters for file handling
These parameters are relevant:



Image thumbnailing
MediaWiki's extended image syntax allows images to be automatically thumbnailed (see Manual:Configuring file uploads for general help on file uploads).

Image thumbnailing requires either ImageMagick or GD library - neither are part of the default MediaWiki installation, although some versions of PHP include GD. ImageMagick is recommended if better quality thumbnails are needed; it can be downloaded from imagemagick.org. GD is included in some versions of PHP, and it is recommended to use GD on Windows systems. A standalone download of GD is available from LibGD GitHub.

For older versions of MediaWiki (prior to 1.10.0) set to true to enable thumbnailing. In newer versions this is not required.

If you use ImageMagick, set to true in LocalSettings.php. Make sure the variable points to the (absolute) location of the convert command of your installation and that the command is executable by the web server process. For example, Windows users will want to change the default to "C:\ImageMagick\convert.exe" (or similar).

To re-create old thumbnail files before you used ImageMagick you can use.

If rendering fails silently, check and increase.

GraphicsMagick can now also be used as an alternative to ImageMagick. You will need to set $wgImageMagickConvertCommand to the (absolute) location of the 'gm' command. E.g.:

$wgImageMagickConvertCommand = "/usr/bin/gm";

GIF
For thumbnailing GIF-Animations under windows, you need to install ImageMagick as described above.

SVG
MediaWiki supports SVG image rendering: if enabled, SVG images can be used like other image files — they will automatically be rendered as a PNG file and thumbnailed as needed on the fly. If you're on a shared host and no SVG renderer is pre-installed, you should probably ask your provider to install it for you.

为了开启 SVG 支持：


 * 1) Allow upload of SVG files in the LocalSettings.php file: $wgFileExtensions[] = 'svg'; Note that MediaWiki will refuse SVG files containing JavaScript, for security reasons.
 * To avoid a false positive, add $wgAllowTitlesInSVG = true; to the LocalSettings.php file.
 * If you get an error saying the file is corrupt, make sure mime type detection is working properly.
 * 1) Add $wgSVGConverter to LocalSettings.php and set the renderer you want to use.
 * Available options are ImageMagick, ImagickExt, sodipodi, inkscape, batik, rsvg, and imgserv.
 * For example: $wgSVGConverter = 'ImageMagick';
 * 1) * If the converter program is not in the system path, you have to specify the directory that contains the program using $wgSVGConverterPath.
 * 2) * librsvg is fast but not very accurate. It has a ridiculously large chain of dependencies, so you may not want to bother unless you have a repository that includes it and resolves the dependencies for you. The Wikimedia projects use rsvg. Note: As of version 2.22.3, there is a bug in locale handling (see Wikimedia bug report and GNOME bug report). A patch is available for the   tool.
 * 3) * Batik is the most accurate SVG renderer available, although its anti-aliasing is sometimes suboptimal. Its SVG parsing is more strict, causing it to reject "almost valid" SVG files that other renderers accept (e.g. commons:File:UbuntuCoF.svg). Batik relies on Java, and is much slower than rsvg, though this may not be a huge issue unless you're constantly adding SVG files. See SVG benchmarks. Requires a lot of work to get running, if not included in your distribution.
 * 4) * Inkscape also does an accurate job of SVGs, half the speed of rsvg, but was designed for interactive graphical use; however, it comes with inkview which is a viewer/converter program - it requires a writable home directory for the user it's run as. Since it will be running as user www or something similar, it will try to create .inkscape/ and .gnome2/ directories in the corresponding home directory, and will fail silently, crash or hang indefinitely if it is not able to. Inkscape is preferable to rsvg (a) on Windows (it comes as a standalone package) or (b) if you have important SVGs drawn in Inkscape that do not render correctly in rsvg. Inkscape has as complicated a dependency chain as librsvg &mdash; use only if it's in your distribution or available as a complete standalone package.
 * 5) * Sodipodi is the program Inkscape was forked from. The same considerations apply. Sodipod is no longer under active development.
 * 6) * Since version 6.x.x ImageMagick renders SVGs, but imperfectly. This is the default, but avoid it if possible. However, it does work. On Windows, $wgConvertPath must be set to avoid a conflict with Windows' own convert.exe. One simple alternative in this scenario is to add to LocalSettings.php the line, which also allows for spaces in the path.
 * 7) * The PHP Imagick extension supports SVG rendering, however the same considerations as for the regular ImageMagick apply.
 * 8) * The GD library is not capable of converting SVG images to the PNG format, at least according to Joen Asmussen's June 2008 NoScope blog.
 * 9) * Most current web browsers except Internet Explorer (until version 9) can display SVGs directly. Using librsvg to render SVGs to a PNG will give much more accurate results, as well as less bandwidth consumption. Direct SVG display is not supported in MediaWiki by default (Bug 3593), unless you install NativeSvgHandler extension.

Set $wgSVGConverter</tt> = false if SVG rendering is not needed and you wish to make your users download the svg file in order to view it.

JPEG （使用 GD）
Simply add the following line to LocalSetting.php, this will cause auto fall back to GD library.

For errors with JPEG thumbnails, see JPEG (using GD).

TIFF
Generating thumbnails of TIFF files requires MediaWiki 1.15.0 or newer.


 * 1) Allow upload of TIFF files in the LocalSettings.php file: $wgFileExtensions[] = 'tif';</tt>
 * 2) Add $wgTiffThumbnailType</tt> to LocalSettings.php and set to either jpg or png to specify which type of thumbnail you wish to have generated.
 * 3) Making thumbnails of TIFF files may require system resources beyond those needed for thumbnailing JPEG, GIF, or PNG files. Consider appropriate settings for $wgMaxImageArea</tt> and $wgMaxShellMemory</tt>

删除图片
Files, like wiki pages, can only be deleted by users with the " (delete)" permission ( by default). Deletion of files is done by deleting the associated description page (or by clicking the "" link in the "" table).

Deletion of individual revision
If a file has been altered, there is a revision history of the files which is displayed on the file article page. Each revision has a "" link. If this is clicked, the revision and the file are deleted.

The versions of files are separate from the page history of the file description page.

Information about old revisions of files are stored in the oldimage table while information on old revisions of the pages are stored in the Revision table.

恢复文件
Before MediaWiki version 1.8, deleted images/files can not be undeleted (only the associated description page can be restored).

From MediaWiki version 1.8 up to 1.10, archiving deleted images/files (and thus undeleting them) is disabled per default, but can be enabled by setting $wgSaveDeletedFiles = true.

Since MediaWiki version 1.11, this is enabled per default, and $wgSaveDeletedFiles is deprecated. Instead, the behavior is controlled by $wgFileStore.

Information about deleted images are stored in the filearchive table.

删除档案文件
自 MediaWiki 1.11版起，被删除的图片默认仍然存储在服务器上. 如果您需要删除特定的档案图片，您可以使用eraseArchivedFile.php 维护脚本. If you want to delete all of them completely, you can do that with the deleteArchivedFiles.php script. 如果您删除了档案文件，您将不能恢复这些文件.

删除文件的理由
When choosing to delete a file, as described above, users will be asked to provide a reason for deletion. The available reasons can be edited on the MediaWiki:Filedelete-reason-dropdown of your wiki.

数据存储
Whenever an image is uploaded, several things are created:


 * 1) An article in the file namespace with the name of the file, e.g. File:MyPicture.png. This page is stored and can be edited like any other page.
 * 2) The file itself is stored in a folder on the file system.
 * 3) If necessary and thumbnailing is available, thumbnailed versions of the file will be created when necessary (such as for the usage on the file description page. These are stored in the thumb directory of the image directory, in a separate directory for each main file.

If $wgHashedUploadDirectory is enabled (by default), MediaWiki creates several subdirectories in the images directory.

The directory names are from the first two characters of the md5 hash of the final filename.

文件夹
All image files are stored in a folder determined by $wgUploadPath (, by default).

Description of named image subfolders:


 * archive: This is the storage place for files that have been replaced by newer versions.
 * temp: used for temporary storage of files during image uploading. (Due to bug 9018, these files may not always be automatically deleted)
 * thumb: Thumbnails (automatically generated) for the files. If these are deleted, they are automatically regenerated when needed.

Depending on the configuration, there may be additional image subfolders:
 * math: Folder to store your rendered TeX input, see also Manual:Enable TeX or Math.
 * x/xy: If  is set to true (which is the default), images will be stored in subfolders of the images, thus making file paths look like  . See Manual:$wgHashedUploadDirectory for more details on why this might be desired and how this system works.

数据表

 * The file description page is stored as any page in the page, text, revision etc. tables
 * image table: Holds some metadata such as the size of the file and the upload date.
 * oldimage table: This is stores information for files that have been replaced with newer versions.
 * filearchive table: holds the information on the deleted files.
 * imagelinks table: Records what pages use a file.

空间使用
Files need considerably more space than articles. The following calculations assume a block size of 4KB with Linux/Unix servers.

默认设置为 $wgHashedUploadDirectory = true.

所有目录的空间要求：


 * image directories: 0-f/x0-f: max. 16*16 = 256 directories = 256*4 KB = 1024 KB
 * archive directories: 0-f/x0-f: max. 16*16 = 256 directories = 256*4 KB = 1024 KB
 * thumb directories: 0-f/x0-f: max. 16*16 = 256 directories = 256*4 KB = 1024 KB
 * temp directories: 0-f/x0-f: max. 16*16 = 256 directories = 256*4 KB = 1024 KB

Therefore, the basic amount of space needed without any images uploaded is 4 MB in theory (although the directories are created only when needed).

对于每个文件，我们需要：
 * size of the original image file + 2 KB average overhead

For files that need to be thumbnailed:
 * size of the created thumbnail(s) + 2 KB average overhead (each)
 * directory for thumbnail (4KB) (each image has its own thumbnail directory)

例如：
 * image 20778 Byte png (small size, no thumb): 24 KB for the image: Total 24 KB
 * image 123.000 Byte jpeg (big size, auto thumb): 124 KB for the image, 4KB for the thumb directory, 64 KB for the thumb: Total: 192 KB

File Access
Uploaded files are generally served directly by the web server, not through MediaWiki. While there may be a minimal level of security through obscurity with path encryption (eg. /c/c4/...) if $wgHashedUploadDirectory is set, the path can be calculated easily from the file name and does not provide true protection.

For limiting access to authorized users, see Image Authorization

Licensing
A feature of MediaWiki allows the Special:Upload Page to streamline licensing of images. Wikipedia's Upload Page has a Licensing drop down box below image summary. This feature is turned off in default MediaWiki. To turn this feature on a sysop needs to edit Licenses in the MediaWiki namespace (example: MediaWiki:Licenses). S/he can do this by going to the MediaWiki:Licenses page of their wiki and clicking 'create' or 'edit'.

The page MediaWiki:Licenses expects a certain format in a wiki list.

Line 1 will produce "License text" and substitute the license 1 template in the image page and transclude license 2.

Line 2 will show a greyed out header with text "Header 1:"

Line 3 will produce "Attribution ShareAlike 2.5" and transclude template cc-by-sa-2.5 on the image page.

For detailed real world example, see Wikipedia:MediaWiki:Licenses or Commons:MediaWiki:Licenses.

外部仓库
It is possible to access files stored in foreign repositories, without needing to upload them to the wiki, by setting the $wgForeignFileRepos array. 这个特性提供了如下可能：
 * ForeignAPIRepo accesses files from a remote MediaWiki installation, such as Wikimedia Commons, through its API
 * ForeignDBRepo accesses files through a database, and is useful for creating wiki families
 * FSRepo 从本地文件夹访问文件

In all cases, one would be able to embed files into a page using ordinary image syntax and specifying the name of the file in the foreign repository. Note that some of the above implementations are still experimental, and might not be suitable for production sites.

MediaWiki 版本
可以应用于：
 * MediaWiki 1.9.x 及以上版本
 * 其他版本并未经过验证