Help:Templates/be-tarask

Калі Вы маеце стандартны тэкст, які трэба зьмясьціць на некалькі старонак, на дапамогу прыходзяць шаблёны МэдыяВікі. У адрозьненьне ад дапаўненьняў і мэдыяфайлаў, для шаблёнаў няма адмысловага сховішча. Шаблёны могуць быць створаныя з нуля ці скапіюванага з паўторнага тэксту, перанесеныя зь іншай вікі, напрыклад, Вікіпэдыі, пасьля чаго імпартаваныя ў мэтавую вікі.

Стварэньне
Шаблёны — гэта стандартныя вікі-старонкі, зьмест які створаны дзеля ўключэньня (ўбудаваньня) ў іншыя старонкі. Пагадненьне па назвах шаблёнаў раіць пачынаць іх з " ", што дадае іх у адпаведную прастору назваў; апроч гэтага, Вы можаце ствараць іх як любую іншую старонку.

Вось найпрасьцейшы спосаб выкарыстаньня шаблёнаў. Калі Вы ствараеце старонку з назвай «Шаблён:Вітаем» і зьместам:

Вітаем! Запрашаем у Вікіпэдыю.

дык Вы стварылі свой першы шаблён! Калі пасьля гэтага Вы ўставілі код:

на якую-небудзь іншую старонку, пры ейным праглядзе Вы ўбачыце тэкст «Вітаем! Запрашаем у Вікіпэдыю.» замест. Зьмест шаблёну «перадаецца» на іншую старонку, то бок ён уключаны ў яе.

Цяпер Вы можаце ўставіць  у любое месца старонкі, дзе хочаце яго вывесьці. Уявіце, што ён выкарыстоўваецца на 100 старонках. Калі пасьля Вы зьменіце зьмест шаблёну на:

Прывітаньне! Запрашаем у гэтую дзівосную вікі.

і зазірнеце на ўсе гэтыя 100 старонак, дык пабачыце на іх новы тэкст замест першапачатковага. Такім чынам, Вы зьмянілі зьмест 100 старонак, не рэдагуючы іх, проста зьмяніўшы перададзены ў іх шаблён.

Гэта асноўны мэханізм. Ёсьць яшчэ некалькі дадатковых можнасьцяў, якія ўзбагачаюць гэты мэханізм і робяць шаблёны вельмі патрэбнымі.

Выкарыстаньне
Шаблёны можна ўстаўляць на іншыя старонкі наступнымі спосабамі:


 * — як апісана вышэй, гэтая спасылка будзе дынамічна замененая на актуальны зьмест Шаблён:Назва ў той момант, калі загружаецца старонка з шаблёнам. У кодзе старонкі спасылка застанецца нязьменнай.
 * — калі ўжытая такая спасылка на шаблён, яна будзе замененая аднойчы на ўвесь зьмест Шаблён:Назва ў момант, калі захоўваецца старонка са спасылкай: копія зьместу Шаблён:Назва будзе падстаўлены замест спасылкі на шаблён. Ягоны зьмест становіцца неад'емнай часткай мэтавай старонкі і можа быць рэдагаваны звычайна, асобна ад арыгіналу. Заўвага: наступныя зьмены ў зьмесьце шаблёны не адлюструюцца на старонцы са спасылкай на шаблён.
 * — быў уведзены, каб дазволіць падстаноўку, якая не зьмяняе ўключэньне, глядзіце w:en:Help:Substitution.
 * ўключае шаблён у форме, якая адлюстроўвае яго ў выглядзе сырой вікі-разьметкі (як гэта робіць ) пры выкліку старонкі, якая яго ўтрымлівае.

Увогуле, звычайная вікістаронка таксама можа служыць шаблёнам проста шляхам пазначэньня ейнай прасторы назваў, напрыклад:


 * ўлучае
 * ўлучае
 * ўлючае
 * замяняе сябе на зьмест

Калі такая прастора назваў адсутнічае, шаблёнам лічыцца поўная назва:


 * ўлучае

Парамэтры
Дзеля ўзбагачэньня мэханізму ўлучэньня МэдыяВікі дазваляе перадаваць у шаблёне парамэтры. Яны дазваляюць шаблёну выдаваць розны зьмест ці выдаваць розныя паводзіны.

Уявім, што Вы хочаце ўставіць невялічкую падзяку на старонцы гутарак іншых удзельнікаў, кшталту:

The thank you note will have a reason (in this case, "all your effort") and a signature ("Me"). Your objective is that any user be able to thank any other user, for any reason whatsoever.

So that the note will look similar everywhere it is used, you can define a template called Template:Thankyou, for example. Although the note should look similar whenever a user thanks another user, its specific contents (i.e. the reason and the signature) will be different. For that reason, you should pass them as parameters. If we ignore the remaining elements to format the box and place the image, the core content of the template will be this:

Notice the use of  and. This is the way to identify, within templates, the parameters that will be passed in when the template is used. Note that, within the template, each parameter is surrounded by three braces:. This is different from normal template name usage.

When using the template on a page, you fill in the parameter values, separated by a "pipe" character. MediaWiki allows parameters to be passed to the template in three ways: Anonymously, Numbered, and Named.

Anonymous parameters
To pass in anonymous parameters, list the values of those parameters sequentially:

In this case, the  template receives parameters   and , producing:

The order in which anonymous parameters are passed in is crucial to its behavior. Reversing the order of the parameters, like so:

would produce this result:

Note: identifying parameters by order (with, etc) works only with anonymous parameters. If your page identifies any parameter by number or name, as shown below, this method will no longer be available to the template which receives them.

Note: If an equal sign appears inside an anonymous template parameter, it may be interpreted as a named parameter, treating the text before the equal sign as the parameter name and the text after it as the value. This is a common problem when you need to include an external link, or an HTML element with attributes (see Task 16235) The workaround is to use named parameters instead, or even numbered parameters as explained in the following section.

Numbered parameters
To pass in parameters by number, identify each parameter when passing it:

This time, template  receives parameters   and , though they have been supplied in inverse order, and produces:

Named parameters
The third way of passing parameters is by name, instead of numbers. In this case, the template contents would be changed to:

A little thank you... for. hugs,

Within the template, we use  and   to identify each parameter, instead of a number. To pass these parameters by name, identify each parameter when passing it:

In this case, template  receives parameters   and   and produces:

The advantage of using named parameters in your template, besides also being flexible in the order parameters can be passed, is that it makes the template code much easier to understand if there are many parameters.

Default values
If you transclude a template that expects parameters, but do not provide them, in this way:

in the numbered parameters example above you would get the following:

Since no parameters were passed in, the template presents the parameters themselves, instead of their respective values. In these cases, it may be useful to define default values for the parameters, i.e. values that will be used if no value is passed in. For example, if the template contents are changed to:

then  defines that if no parameter   is provided, then the value   will be used. Similarly,, defaults parameter   to value. Now, transcluding the template again without passing any parameter, results in the following:

Order of evaluation
Template parameters are fully evaluated before they are passed to the template. So if one of your parameters is a call to another template, what is actually passed is the expanded parameter.

becomes before it becomes:

In a few circumstances, this order of evaluation makes a difference from the alternative. (The alternative being to check the results of the template call to see if there are additional templates to be expanded.)

First, the name of the template can be expanded at the same time and in the same way as the parameters.

Thus might expand to So that a template called  could display the thank you in the preferred language (however that was determined.)

Secondly, the template being called can't construct a template from pieces to be called later. A template that took the form would not work if was and was.

Thirdly, the parameter being passed is expanded only once, rather than every place the parameter is used in the template. This is more efficient on the mediawiki server.

Finally, the template being called can't stop the parameter from being expanded altogether. Even if a template only uses a parameter in some circumstances, it will always have been expanded before the call was made.

Control template inclusion
By default, a template's content is displayed in its entirety, both when viewed directly and when included in another page. However, you can control which parts of a template will be seen and included by the use of the  and   tags.

Anything between  and   will be seen only when the template's page is being viewed directly, but not when it is included in another page. This is useful when you want to include text or code in a template that you do not want to propagate to any pages which include it, such as:


 * Category links when categorizing the template itself
 * interlanguage links to similar templates in other languages
 * Explanatory text about how to use the template

Likewise, anything between  and   will be processed and displayed only when the page is being included, but not when the template page is being viewed directly, and is useful in situations such as:


 * Categorizing pages which include the template. Note: when changing the categories applied by a template in this fashion, the categorization of the pages which include that template may not be updated until some time later: this is handled by the . To force the re-categorization of a particular page, open that page for editing and save it without changes.
 * Ensuring that the template's code is not executed when viewing the template page itself. Typically this is because it expects parameters, and its execution without parameters has an undesired result.

Everything outside  and   is processed and displayed normally; that is, both when the template page is being viewed directly and when the template is included in another page. The focus is on what is inside these two tags.

Everything outside  tags is discarded in the transclusion. Even sections tagged includeonly are discarded in the transclusion unless they are also tagged as onlyinclude. The focus is on what is outside this tag.

The three partial transclusion tags enable all possible combinations of what is processed and rendered. Comments also fill a role.

Organizing templates
For templates to be effective, users need to find them, and find out how to use them.

To find them, users can:
 * 1) Click ' > '
 * 2) In the ' list, choose Template and click '.

To give usage information, include an example like this one on the template page:

Usage
Welcome users:

Then, an editor can simply copy and paste the example to use the template.

Linking to a template
To link to a template instead of including it, use the tl template. The name of the template the editor wants to link to goes after the vertical pipe. For example: links to the navbar template.

Copying from one wiki to another
Templates often require CSS or other templates, so users frequently have trouble copying templates from one wiki to another. The steps below should work for most templates.

MediaWiki code
If you have import rights (Specifically importupload) on the new wiki:
 * 1) Go to Special:Export on the original wiki, and download an .xml file with the complete history of all necessary templates, as follows:
 * 2) * Enter the name of the template in the big text box, e.g. "Template:Welcome". Pay special attention to capitalization and special characters — if the template name isn't exactly correct, the export may still occur but the .xml file will not have the expected data.
 * 3) * Check the box "".
 * 4) * Uncheck the box "".
 * 5) * Click "".
 * 6) Go to Special:Import on the new wiki and upload the .xml file.

If you don't have import rights on the new wiki:


 * 1) Go to the template you want to copy from the original wiki. Go to the edit page, and copy all the wikitext
 * 2) On the new wiki, go to the page with the same name as the template you copied. Hit create/edit and paste the wikitext you copied. In the edit summary of each template, link to the original page for attribution.
 * 3) Back in the original wiki at the edit window, below the edit box, look at the list of "Templates used on this page". For each template listed follow these instructions. Also do that for any template used by any of these templates, and so on.

This will copy the entire code necessary, and will suffice for some templates. If it doesn't work also check for red links listed under "Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page:", below the edit box. If there are any repeat the above steps for these as well.

After sucessfully importing the template and all its linked templates from the other wiki, edit it to change customisations to suit your wiki. For example to change a logo, remove redundant categories or red links.

Extensions
An extension often used in templates is ParserFunctions. Visit page and check if any of the functions listed there are used in the templates you've copied. If so, you have to install the. To install it, you'll need system admin access to the server of your MediaWiki installation.

Another dependency that may be used in templates, especially those on Wikipedia, is Lua. Having  in template code is a good sign for it. In case it's used, you need to install the and system admin access is required too. See that page for more instructions about installing and using the extension.

CSS and JavaScript code
Besides MediaWiki code, many templates make use of CSS and some rely on JavaScript to work fully. If the copied templates are not behaving as expected, this may be the cause. To copy the required CSS and JavaScript to your wiki you'll normally need to have admin privileges, because you'll be editing system messages in the "MediaWiki:" namespace.


 * 1) Look for the use of CSS classes (text like  ) in the template text. If those classes appear in "MediaWiki:Common.css" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.css" on the original wiki, copy those classes to "MediaWiki:Common.css" on the new wiki and check if the template is now fine.
 * 2) If the copied template is still not working as expected, check if there is code in "MediaWiki:Common.js" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.js" on the original wiki. If so, you can try copying it to "MediaWiki:Common.js" on the new wiki. Normally, it is a good idea to only copy code from trusted sources, and first browsing the code to identify and select the parts that are relevant. You may find comments that can serve as clues to identify the functionality of each part.

Note
An experiment shows that if you include a template in itself, it won't put MediaWiki into an infinite recursion. MediaWiki will find out, and stop with the template's name in bold. For example, if the content of "Template:Aaaa" is " ", it'll show as "Template:Aaaa".