Manual:Short URL

According to World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee, good webpage addresses should never change. Short webpage addresses which hide complex programming code from the webpage address bar is good for webpage visitors.

MediaWiki's default webpage addresses look like these examples:
 * (MediaWiki version 1.11.0) or

Using the methods below, short webpage addresses can be changed to addresses such as these:

How to shorten a webpage addresses gets complicated fast. So the "how to" miniguides will be on separate pages listed below.

Root access or no root access?
Shared Hosting: If you are using a shared host it is unlikely you will have root access to the server. You probably will not be able to use any of the root access techniques below. First try to open a ticket with your hosting provider. Ask the provider how to get rid of the "index.php?title=" for all pages and your hosting provider may well solve your problem for you.

If you do not have root access, the .htaccess, located in the public_html folder, can be rewritten without root access. Depending on your host, you may be able to use an alias or a rewrite rule in an .htaccess file. Do not try to edit both httpd and .htaccess at once. Only one is needed.

Editing httpd.conf, which requires root access, is the preferred method because your wiki performs better. Most shared hosting systems do not allow changes to httpd.conf.

Short URL "how to" miniguides
Anyone is welcome to create a "how to" solution page and list them below. Please use a sensible name for the page, one that fits in with the below names. When each unique solution has its own page, readers can skip complexity they do not want.

Keep it simple, readable, short, with a separate page per separate solution.

Example.com/Page_title
How to create: example.com/Page_title webpage addresses
 * Manual:Short URL/Page title -- EASY
 * Manual:Short URL/Page title -- PHP as a CGI module, no root access [[Image:Face-sad.svg|20px]]
 * Manual:Short URL/Page title -- solution xxx
 * Manual:Short URL/Page title -- solution yyy
 * Manual:Short URL/Page title -- solution zzz

Example.com/wiki/Page_title
How to create: example.com/wiki/Page_title webpage addresses


 * Manual:Short URL/wiki/Page title -- PHP as a CGI module, no root access [[Image:Csmile alt.svg|20px]][[Image:Face-sad.svg|20px]] [[Image:Csmile alt.svg|20px]]
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki/Page title -- no root access [[Image:Face-sad.svg|20px]]
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki/Page title -- solution xxx, no root access
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki/Page title -- solution yyy, no root access
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki/Page title -- solution zzz, no root access

Root access These methods require that you have access to the server configuration. If you are on a shared host, you most likely don't; see the "no root access" examples instead.


 * Manual:Short URL/wiki/Page title--root access -- EASY
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki/Page title -- with aliases--root access
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki/Page title -- Apache rewrite--root access If the Alias method is not suitable (for example, you use PHP as a CGI), you can use Apache instead.
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki/Page title -- Lighttpd rewrite--root access
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki/Page title -- solution yyy---root access
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki/Page title -- solution zzz---root access

Wiki.example.com/Page_title
How to create: wiki.example.com/Page_title webpage addresses
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki.example.com/Page_title -- EASY ?
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki.example.com/Page_title--difficult
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki.example.com/Page_title--Subdomain with no Subdirectory in Article URL
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki.example.com/Page_title--Subdomain using mod-rewrite
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki.example.com/Page_title--Subdomain using Lighttpd
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki.example.com/Page_title--Enabling a wiki using Apache Rewrite
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki.example.com/Page_title--solution zzz
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki.example.com/Page_title--solution xxx
 * Manual:Short URL/wiki.example.com/Page_title--solution yyy

Ampersand (&) problem
Explanation: This problem shows up when you have page titles with symbols in (such as &, ?, #, + and /) that, despite being correctly encoded in the link are not being passed correctly from mod_rewrite to the script. This manifests in 404 page not found errors, because the title gets cut off at the special character. e.g. Clicking on a link "John & Maria's page" gets a 404, because MediaWiki is looking for a page names "John ".

Reason for the problem: The reason for the Ampersand problem is that using the long form means that articles can't have ampersands in their name because they would be treated as query string separators and would never reach the PHP runtime environment. The cause of the is Ampersands problem is an old and problemic mod_rewrite bug. There are discussions of other possible solutions at lists.wikimedia.org and fgiasson.com.

Solutions:
 * Manual:Short URL/Ampersand solution with root access
 * Manual:Short URL/Ampersand semi-friendly solution with root access
 * Manual:Short URL/Ampersand --solution xxx
 * Manual:Short URL/Ampersand --solution yyy

Tricks

 * Manual:Short URL/IIS6
 * Manual:Short URL/Prevent bots from crawling index.php
 * Manual:Short URL/Ignoring the Trailing slash
 * Manual:Short URL/Allowing for escaped characters in URI
 * Manual:Short URL/trick description xxx
 * Manual:Short URL/trick description yyy
 * Manual:Short URL/trick description zzz

Troubleshooting

 * I received a looping alias/rewrite errors such as: 'Cannot find page www.example.com/wiki/wiki/wiki/wiki/wiki/ [...] /index.php' Soultion: Manual:Short URL/Repeated directory errors
 * Manual:Short URL/Problems with MediaWiki 1.11
 * Manual:Short URL/Troubleshooting xxx
 * Manual:Short URL/Troubleshooting yyy
 * Manual:Short URL/Troubleshooting zzz
 * Manual:Short URL/Troubleshooting www