MediaWiki-Vagrant/ru





MediaWiki-Vagrant — это портативная среда разработки MediaWiki. Она состоит из набора скриптов конфигурации для Vagrant и VirtualBox, которые позволяют автоматизировать создание виртуальной машины, на которой будет запущен движок MediaWiki. Поскольку конфигурация ориентирована на легкую разработку, а не на безопасность, MediaWiki-Vagrant не рекомендуется для общедоступных вики.

Виртуальная машина, создаваемая MediaWiki-Vagrant, позволяет легко узнать, изменить и улучшить код MediaWiki: полезная информация об отладке отображается по умолчанию, а различные инструменты разработчика настроены специально для проверки и взаимодействия с кодом MediaWiki, включая мощный отладчик и интерактивный интерпретатор. А самое лучшее, что поскольку конфигурация автоматизирована и содержится в виртуальной среде, ошибки легко отменять.

System requirements

 * CPU: 64-bit x86 processor
 * OS: Linux, macOS, or Windows
 * Memory:At least 4 GiB RAM total on your system, preferably 8 GiB or more, in order to run both the host operating system and the VM. Do not attempt to run on a system with only 2 GiB RAM, it will eventually fail.
 * Disk:Must have several gigabytes free on the primary drive (/home partition for Linux, C: drive for Windows). Note in particular that the VM disk images will be stored under your home directory by default.
 * Network:Active network connection with sufficient bandwidth to download Debian Linux updates and MediaWiki source code
 * Time for setup:20 minutes to 2 hours, depending on conditions and if you have any troubles

Быстрый старт
(Если вы устанавливаете MediaWiki-Vagrant через USB-дистрибутив, выполните действия, описанные в файле README, а не первые четыре шага.)

  Скачайте Git  (Linux only) Install NFS if it is not already installed. In Ubuntu, use. Fedora usually come with NFS installed, but try  and see the specific documentation page to make sure a Fedora NFS setup is OK.   Скачайте последнюю версию VirtualBox   Скачайте последнюю версию Vagrant  Скачайте код и создайте свою машину:

As of early 2017, you might encounter errors during this vagrant up step, where git is unable to clone mediawiki. This is a very cumbersome problem that we track at T152801.  Включите дополнительные возможности MediaWiki, например:

 Когда Vagrant закончит конфигурировать вашу машину, откройте http://127.0.0.1:8080/, чтобы увидеть свой экземпляр MediaWiki. Вы можете войти с учётной записью  и паролем. Если вы включили VisualEditor, то вам нужно будет вместо этого открыть ссылку http://dev.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080/. If you encounter "No wiki found.." message on the above instance, try to destroy vagrant. 

При появлении запроса введите ваш логин в Gerrit (рекомендуется) или просто нажмите Enter.

Если вы запускаете под Windows
Get Git for Windows and run the  commands in its Git Bash shell. Run  from a.

Поиск и устранение неисправностей
Если на ваши вопросы нет ответа здесь, то хорошим вариантом будет IRC, особенно канал.

Любой хост
Например:
 * You can try installing the versions of VirtualBox and Vagrant that your Linux distribution provides. If you're running recent Debian or Ubuntu, try sudo apt-get install virtualbox vagrant to install the packages for VirtualBox and Vagrant.
 * If you get errors from vagrant up, instead install the most recent versions of VirtualBox and Vagrant.
 * If you run into error message like "Couldn't open file $CLONED_REPOSITORY/trusty-cloud", try the following command: vagrant up --provider=virtualbox
 * If you got any puppet errors you might need to init puppet submodules, on vagrant directory run git submodule update --init
 * Use http://127.0.0.1:8080/info.php to check that Apache/PHP is up and running.
 * You might want to compare the output of the initial run of vagrant up in your terminal with this sample. The initial setup may take a long time; if it seems to hang somewhere but there are no errors, just give it a while.
 * If you get warnings that your VirtualBox Guest Additions are the wrong version, you can try installing the vagrant-vbguest plugin which updates them automatically.
 * Vagrant rarely loses pairing with your VM. This thread discusses some ways to work around it (e.g. attaching old VM harddrive to the new profile)
 * Make sure that  repository is up to date:
 * Make sure that  repository is up to date:
 * Make sure that you have enabled virtualization in the BIOS. Sometimes this is under the Security settings.
 * Make sure your language encoding settings are UTF-8. If you get "invalid byte sequence in US-ASCII", try (re)setting your LANG and LC_ALL environment variables to something suitable.

Специфично для Windows

 * If you are on Windows and you get "guest machine entered an invalid state" - "poweroff", try downloading a 4.3.15 build of VirtualBox (there is a known problem with 4.3.14 on Windows). If that does not help, make sure you enable Hardware Virtualization Technology (VT-x or AMD-V) in BIOS. Hardware Virtualization is required. It is not an optional performance enhancement. (Some laptops require you to remove the power cable and battery for 30 seconds )
 * VirtualBox несовместим с Hyper-V от Microsoft. If you have Hyper-V enabled – which may be the default if you have installed Visual Studio – you'll get the above errors trying to boot up a VM in VirtualBox. Есть две возможности:
 * In command prompt run bcdedit /set hypervisorlaunchtype off to turn off Hyper-V and reboot. To turn Hyper-V back on set it back to auto instead of off
 * Disable Hyper-V through 'Add/Remove Windows Features' in Control Panel and reboot. This will get VirtualBox working, but will prevent you from using any Hyper-V VMs you may have, such as Windows Phone emulators.
 * or, use the Hyper-V provider for Vagrant instead of VirtualBox. Это может быть нестабильно.

Специфично для Mac

 * NFS errors To avoid NFS errors, while installing ensure the firewall will accept connections: Apple > System Preferences > Security & Privacy > Firewall > Firewall Options. You will need to UNcheck "Block all incoming connections" and probably also UNcheck "Enable stealth mode" in order to accept the following: netbiosd, nfsd, rpc.lockd, rpc.rquotad, rpcbind, VBoxHeadless. Note, you may need to restart your computer and change the status to "Allow incoming connections" during a couple s. After installation, you may be able to re-check "Block all incoming connections and "Enable stealth mode" now that the firewall rules have been updated.
 * Alternatively you can turn off NFS shares via

Debian и Ubuntu

 * MediaWiki-Vagrant uses NFS to share some folders with the host machine (your computer). You need to set up your computer as an "NFS server", see e.g. Ubuntu instructions. On Debian, sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server will work; you may need to  as well. Note that Debian's NFS server will not start without an entry in  . If   doesn't show "nfs" services running, this is likely what's going on. Adding your home directory as the last line in   and then /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart will usually be good enough to get you past this chicken-and-egg problem.


 * The NFS shares used by MediaWiki-Vagrant cannot be run from an encrypted directory as may be the case if you are running on Ubuntu and using an encrypted home directory. To run MediaWiki-Vagrant you can either:
 * Move the MediaWiki-Vagrant directory to an unencrypted volume (e.g. ) before running
 * Alternatively you can turn off NFS shares via
 * NFS setup seems to get stuck sometimes (initial  hangs at "Mounting NFS shared folders"). Restarting the NFS daemon on the host helps. (See #5802.)


 * If you are getting port forwarding errors saying the ports are in use, you may need to open up virtualbox, entirely remove the virtual machine, and try again.

Debian «wheezy» (и старше)
Сюрприз! Your distro has an older version of the Vagrant package, you must install from the official site instead. Иначе вы увидите такую ошибку:

Базовое использование
Инструмент командной строки vagrant на машине-хосте предоставляет некоторые подкоманды для контроля вашей виртуальной машины. Вы уже пользовались одной из них: vagrant up, которая включила виртуальную машину. Как и большинство подкоманд vagrant, вам нужно запускать их из директории MediaWiki-Vagrant или одной из её дочерних. Когда вы запускаете её в первый раз, Vagrant получит образ системы и настроит необходимое программное обеспечение для запуска MediaWiki. Это может занять 1–2 часа времени CPU и настенных часов на широкополосном соединении, но это нужно всего один раз. Когда вы запустите vagrant up в будущем, он просто загрузит машину.

vagrant ssh запускает интерактивную оболочку входа (login shell) на виртуальной машине. Он авторизует вас как пользователя vagrant ; root-доступ возможен через sudo, который выполняется без пароля. Поскольку виртуальная машина целиком находится в песочнице внутри вашего компьютера, то она настроен для удобства, а не безопасности. Как правило, когда вы встречаете запрос пароля, этот пароль.

После авторизации вы должны увидеть цветной баннер MediaWiki и несколько напоминаний о полезных командах.

Команда hhvmsh запускает интерактивный PHP-интерпретатор с уже загруженным кодом MediaWiki. Вы можете ввести какой-либо код, нажать «Enter», и код будет моментально выполнен. Если вы начнёте строку с «=», её расчётное значение будет красиво отформатировано и выведено. Введите ? для быстрой справки или help start для дополнительных инструкций.

Папка  соответствует папке MediaWiki-Vagrant на вашей машине-хосте, и её содержимое общее. Код MediaWiki установлен в. Это позволяет вам использовать свою обычную среду редактирования на машине-хосте, чтобы редактировать MediaWiki-код, который запускается на вашей виртуальной машине.

Используйте vagrant git-update, чтобы сохранять актуальность ваших git-репозиториев, внешних библиотек и схемы базы данных. Это команда эквивалентна запуску
 * 1) git pull в <tt>core</tt> и директориях всех расширений и тем отображения
 * 2) composer update, чтобы убедиться, что доступны последние версии библиотек, устанавливаемых через Composer
 * 3) и наконец скрипта.

You should also occasionally (or when needed for a new feature) update MediaWiki-Vagrant itself, which vagrant git-update does not include. Run:

in your MediaWiki-Vagrant root directory. This will take effect when you run:

(immediately or later).

Log out of your virtual machine by typing logout or by pressing CTRL + D. Now that you're back in a standard command prompt, you can run vagrant halt to shut down the virtual machine and vagrant up to bring it back up. vagrant destroy will delete the virtual machine's files; this command is useful if you want to return your instance to a pristine state. (You'll need to follow up with vagrant up to provision a fresh instance.)

Использование ролей
MediaWiki-Vagrant sets up a basic MediaWiki instance by default, but it also knows how to configure a range of complementary software, including some popular MediaWiki extensions and their dependencies. These optional software stacks are collectively known as 'roles', and MediaWiki-Vagrant offers an easy and powerful command-line interface for managing them.

<div style="width: 375px; font-family: Consolas, monaco, monospace; font-size: 13px; background-color: #333; color: #fff; padding: 1px 12px; margin:auto;"> $ vagrant roles list


 * 1) Показать список доступных ролей.

<div style="font-family: Consolas, monaco, monospace; font-size: 13px; background-color: #333; color: #fff; padding: 1px 12px; width: 375px;margin: auto;"> $ vagrant roles enable role


 * 1) Включить role для машины.

<div style="font-family: Consolas, monaco, monospace; font-size: 13px; background-color: #333; color: #fff; padding: 1px 12px; width: 375px;margin: auto;"> $ vagrant roles disable role


 * 1) Выключить role для машины.

<div style="font-family: Consolas, monaco, monospace; font-size: 13px; background-color: #333; color: #fff; padding: 1px 12px; width: 375px;margin: auto;"> $ vagrant provision


 * 1) После того, как вы закончите включение и/или отключение ролей, запустите это, чтобы изменения вступили в силу.

Посмотрите короткий скринкаст, демонстрирующий, как использовать роли. Страница о ролях содержит больше информации о некоторых ролях.

If you add many roles, you may need to increase memory available to the Vagrant VM. In particular, setting up the "browsertests" role involves compiling the  ruby Gem which is a memory-hungry task; if it fails try freeing some memory in the VM or increasing its memory allocation.

См. раздел «Создание ролей» ниже, если вы заинтересованы в добавлении ролей в MediaWiki-Vagrant.

centralauth
There are some roles that require special attention, centralauth role does not run db migrations automatically via puppet and requires running those by hand. If you get errors on provisioning this role try to run this script on the extension and see the errors it outputs:

mwscript extensions/CentralAuth/maintenance/migrateAccount.php --username 'Admin' --auto

Once you get a more concrete error you probably need to know what migration you need to run from the ones here:

extensions/CentralAuth/db_patches

Локальная копия ядра MediaWiki
Sometimes you may want to start over from scratch by removing the entire vagrant directory or cleaning out the vagrant/mediawiki directory. In order to speed up the vagrant provisioning process, you may want to consider keeping a local, updated clone of the MediaWiki core that you copy into vagrant/mediawiki.

for example, assuming you are cloning MediaWiki repos into ~/projects/mediawiki/ :

Update cloned repos
Update the cloned repos as often as possible/necessary.

Or to update all cloned repos:

Vagrant reload
If you change configuration (e.g. vagrant_ram, your VM/MediaWiki web site freezes, or you experience a problem, vagrant reload may resolve it. This will restart your guest. Some roles also require a reload, which should happen automatically.

Когда включать роли
Включайте роли только после того, как вы успешно выполнили свой первый vagrant up.

Vagrant behind proxy
If you are behind a proxy, Vagrant might throw some errors. Вы можете установить vagrant-proxyconf. It’s a plugin that allows your virtual machine to use specified proxies. Это руководство по быстрой установке. For a detailed documentation you may check here.

Install the plugin:

To configure proxy settings for all softwares on all vagrant VMs, add following lines to your  (default  ).

Replace the addresses with the ip and port number of your proxy server. Use the config.proxy.no_proxy option to list out all the sites/domains for which you might want to bypass proxy. For example,

Now when you run a vagrant up, there shouldn’t be any warnings.

To disable the plugin set config.proxy.enabled to false or empty string (""). You can also disable it for specific applications. For example,

MediaWiki-Vagrant prep
You may want to consider using a shell script such as mw-vagrant-prep to prepare a directory for a MediaWiki-Vagrant install.

Provisioning
You can debug the provisioning process by running

PHP
See Manual:How to debug#HHVM. But first work around.

You can debug PHP with Xdebug if you vagrant enable-role zend. Debugging in PHP is different from other client-side debugging. Your IDE listens for incoming connections, and when you access the server with a browser, a special header instructs PHP to connect to your IDE. See MediaWiki-Vagrant/Advanced usage for further information.

Chrome

 * For Chrome users, you should get XDebug Helper, and optionally Clear Cache, HTTP headers, and Mod Headers. Configure clear cache to automatically reload after clearing, and set up keyboard shortcuts (e.g. Ctrl+R for clear&reload, Ctrl+Shift+D to switch XDebugger on/off)

Firefox

 * Firefox users should check out easy Xdebug.
 * Install and configure an xdebug-compatible IDE on your machine (Eclipse, PhpStorm, Emacs, etc)
 * In IDE, start listening for the incoming debug connection
 * In IDE, set break point at the spot that interests you
 * Enable XDebug in the browser and navigate to your vagrant installation ( http://127.0.0.1:8080/... )

Файлы журналов (логи)
Логи mediawiki находятся в /vagrant/logs. Файлы логов для Apache находятся в /var/log/apache2/, но похоже, что они не пишутся. Есть файл журнала для HHVM в /var/log/hhvm/. The PHP notices, warnings, errors, uncaught exceptions are logged by HHVM to the syslog which you can see in /var/log/syslog. Лог запроса MySQL может быть получен выполнением SET GLOBAL general_log = 'ON'; на клиенте и затем просмотром /var/lib/mysql/*.log.

Запуск и отладка юнит-тестов
Чтобы запустить (run) тесты :

Вы можете добавить path/to/tests/to/run.

Some tests may require running as the proper user to create lock files and such, hence this command runs as the "user"  that handles web requests.

For building coverage reports, see Manual:PHP unit testing/Code coverage.

Отладка тестов phpunit немного сложнее. This method is a bit hacky, but can be used until debugging remote interpreter improves (e.g. in phpStorm 8 EAP). Этот обходной пусть позволяет вам запускать юнит-тесты MediaWiki из браузера.
 * Загрузите файл phpunit.phar в вашу корневую директорию vagrant.
 * Create a php file  in the root of the   directory. Do not commit this file to the repository. Paste the following code into it:


 * In the above file, change argv parameter to the name of your test file
 * Apache maps the root of the mediawiki directory to . So navigate to http://127.0.0.1:8080/w/unittest.php to run this file
 * Follow #Debugging instructions to attach your debugger

Running browser tests
See here.

Отправка (push) коммитов
Если вы используете MediaWiki-Vagrant для разработки, то вы, вероятно, захотите отправить (запушить) некоторые коммиты в репозиторий ядра MediaWiki или расширения, используя git review. По умолчанию все удалённые репозитории указывают на URL'ы с. Чтобы избежать переопределения этого на каждом конкретном случае, выполните:

$ git config --global url."ssh:// @gerrit.wikimedia.org:29418/".insteadOf "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/p/"

Вам также необходимо иметь свои ssh-ключи в.

Как мне …?

 * Проверить версию и настройки PHP
 * http://127.0.0.1:8080/info.php


 * Отредактировать LocalSettings.php?
 * Сначала проверьте, что нет роли ( vagrant list-roles ), которая уже делает то, что вам нужно. Если нет, создайте файт в директории . Смотрите README и файл 00-debug.php-example.


 * Update MediaWiki code?
 * The easiest is to use  from the host.  Or, to just update the code without dependencies, you can use regular git ,  , etc. commands in   and   directories. You can run these commands on the virtual machine, but the file access will be faster on the host machine. MediaWiki-Vagrant pulls code from git master when you initially set up and/or add a role, but doesn't automatically update code after that.


 * Run MediaWiki PHP interpreter
 * ssh to vagrant and run . You might need to run it with


 * Run MediaWiki SQL interpreter
 * ssh to vagrant and run . You might need to run it with

''NN packages can be updated. NN updates are security updates.'' In vagrant ssh:
 * Update virtual machine software packages?
 * does not update system packages in the VM. When you connect with vagrant ssh the login message will inform that you:
 * to update all packages, enter
 * for "automatic installation of security (and other) upgrades", similar to Cloud VPS instances, enter
 * to update to the same packages that are on production WMF servers... TODO


 * Customize Vagrant
 * You should never need to change Vagrantfile directly. There are several aspects of vagrant you can customize:
 * Core settings (git user, ports, ram, ip, port forwarding) can be customized via .settings.yaml file. See  and   for instructions. So for example you may run   to enable port forwarding from host:1234 to guest:80.
 * Perform additional steps after Vagrantfile load by creating a file called Vagrantfile-extra.rb and placing it in the same folder as Vagrantfile - it will be automatically loaded. In case of conflict, values in the 'extra' file will supersede values in this file. See example in support/ directory.


 * Добавить собственный код Puppet?
 * This is ideal if you want to work on your own MediaWiki site locally and let the MediaWiki-Vagrant install your dependencies for you. It's ideal if you have your own fork.  There is a distinction between a role and this use case. Roles are meant to be installed in any order and without breaking. If your fork needs different calls and get in trouble with roles, create your own class and call what you need, including roles.
 * To do so, place your custom puppet code in  with your own class, like so:

To apply your class, add it to the "classes" key in. Вы можете создать файл, если он не существует.

Затем запустите, чтобы применить изменения используя Puppet.


 * Update MediaWiki-Vagrant itself?
 * (For example, to use new roles.) In a terminal, change to the vagrant directory on the host computer and enter a regular git command such as . You will typically want to run   after updating to apply any new puppet changes to your virtual machine.


 * Run GUI applications on the virtual machine?
 * If you have an X server installed, SSH into the virtual machine using  to enable X forwarding. (Mac users should update to the latest version of XQuartz.)


 * As an alternative, you can run the virtual machine in GUI mode, which allows you to interact with the VM as though it had a physical display. To enable GUI mode, create a file called  in the root repository folder, with this as its content:


 * Save the file and run  followed by  . The virtual machine's display will appear in a window on your desktop.


 * <span id="Adjust_CPU"> Adjust the resources allocated to the VM?
 * If you'd like to allocate more or less CPU / RAM to the VM, see  for instructions.

Alternatively, you can do it by creating Vagrantfile-extra.rb (see support/ dir for an example):


 * Change the editor used for git commit messages?

Go to Special:NovaProxy, click "Add proxy" and enter a DNS hostname, say View your new wiki at " http:// /wiki/ "
 * Настроить другое имя хоста?

Создайте файл local.yaml в директории /vagrant/puppet/hieradata directory. В нём добавьте: Run.
 * Make the custom hostname point to homepage of my vagrant role instead of wiki homepage?


 * Run a branch of MediaWiki other than master?
 * Set the "" key in .  You can create the file if it doesn't exist.


 * Run MediaWiki under PHP5 (Zend PHP) rather than HHVM?
 * Visit the  vhost that MediaWiki-Vagrant provisions automatically. This Apache vhost runs the same configuration as the default   vhost but using PHP5 instead of HHVM.
 * To convert all wikis in your MediaWiki-Vagrant instance to PHP5:  Note that this can significantly improve performance on some testing setups.

Настройки MediaWiki
As an alternative to managing all MediaWiki settings in a single, large LocalSettings.php file, consider grouping your configurations by component or theme, and creating a separate PHP file in  for each group. This makes it quite easy to keep your settings organized, to temporarily disable specific configurations, and to share settings with others. MediaWiki will automatically load any PHP files in  in lexical order. You can control the order in which your configurations are set by adopting the habit of adding a two-digit prefix to each file name.

Например:

<pre style="background-color: #efefef; border: 0; display: inline-block; font-family: Consolas, monaco, monospace; margin: 0.4em 0 1em; padding: 0.2em 0.6em;"> settings.d/   ├── 10-RunFirst.php ├── 20-SomeExtension.php └── 99-RunLast.php Note that the settings files in  are automatically created and destroyed in response to your Puppet configuration. Don't put your custom settings there, because Puppet will erase or override them. Keep your custom settings files in  instead.

Vagrant flags
vagrant config --list display a list of all current Vagrant flags.

After the initial, in your vagrant directory, you can then set one of the vagrant flags that appears in the config list, e.g.

Job queue
If you're testing something that needs to churn the job queue, you may need to increase the number of job runners. Currently this is not available through LocalSettings.php, but must be set in the config file for the job runner.


 * 1) Open
 * 2) Change the value for the ' ' key from   to the desired value (say,  )
 * 3) Re-provision with
 * 4) Beware this will be a difference from the git master in your code

See instructions above for adjusting CPU core count appropriately (highly recommended for CPU-bound task such as video transcoding).

Создание ролей
The virtual machine created by MediaWiki-Vagrant resembles Wikimedia's production environment in key respects, and it uses the same tool—Puppet—that Wikimedia's technical operations team uses to manage production servers and Wikimedia Cloud VPS instances. Puppet is a configuration management tool that provides a domain-specific language for expressing software configurations in a declarative fashion. Files containing Puppet code are called 'manifests'. When Puppet runs, it interprets the manifests you feed it and configures the machine accordingly. A Vagrant role is a set of Puppet manifests.

MediaWiki-Vagrant's Puppet codebase contains abstractions that make it easy to automate the configuration of MediaWiki extensions and related software. If you are a developer working on a software project that relates to MediaWiki, you are encouraged to submit a patch with a Puppet role for your project. Adding a Vagrant role for your project makes it easy for other developers to check out your work. Using a managed virtual machine as a development sandbox for your project reduces the chance of "works-on-my-machine" errors that often result from geographically remote developers working in incompatible environments.

The easiest way to get started with custom roles is to look at how existing roles are implemented in. These roles depend on Puppet modules in  (usually,   translates to a call to  ) and use files and templates from the other   directories. The Puppet code is generally well-documented and contains examples that demonstrate its proper usage.

Some of the more useful puppet modules are:
 * mediawiki::extension: install and configure an extension (example)
 * mediawiki::import::text: create a documentation or test page on the wiki (example: declaration, page)
 * mediawiki::import::dump: import a wiki dump (example)
 * require_package: install a system package (example)
 * exec: execute a shell command (example)

Setting up an instance on Cloud VPS
You can use MediaWiki-Vagrant in Cloud VPS to install MediaWiki on a Wikimedia Cloud VPS instance and enable MediaWiki-Vagrant roles in it.

Баги
If you spot a bug in MediaWiki-Vagrant, please report it. First, make sure the bug is not a known Vagrant or VirtualBox bug by searching the Vagrant issue tracker on GitHub and the VirtualBox bugtracker. If it is not, go ahead and submit the bug to Wikimedia Phabricator. Clearly describe the issue and include steps to reproduce, whenever possible.

Ссылки

 * Project page on Ohloh
 * MediaWiki-Vagrant on GitHub
 * Issue tracker on Phabricator
 * HHVM/Vagrant steps necessary to enable the hhvm role on older MediaWiki-Vagrant installs