Manual:Backing up a wiki/hu

Fontos, hogy rendszeresen készíts biztonsági mentéseket az a wiki adatokról. Ez az oldal áttekintést ad a mentési folyamatról egy tipikus MediaWiki rendszer esetén; érdemes kidolgozni a saját mentési szkriptjeinket és időzítéseket, ami megfelel a wikink a méretének és az egyéni igényeinknek.

Áttekintés
A MediaWiki a fontos adatokat két helyen tárolja:
 * Adatbázis : Lapok és tartalmuk, felhasználók és jogaik, metaadat, keresési index, stb.
 * Fájlrendszer : Szoftver konfigurációs fájlok, megjelenési felületek, bővítmények, képek (a töröltek is), stb.

Mielőtt mentést készítesz a wikiről, tedd csak olvashatóvá - lásd $wgReadOnly. Ez biztosítja, hogy mentésed minden összetevője konzisztens maradjon (néhány telepített bővítmény módosíthatja az adatokat).

Fájlok átvitele
You will have to choose a method for transferring files from the server where they are:


 * Non-private data you can simply publish on archive.org and/or in a  directory of your webserver.
 * SCP (or WinSCP), SFTP/FTP or whatever other transfer protocol you're used to/is available.
 * The hosting company might provide a file manager interface via a web browser; check with your provider.

Adatbázis
 A legtöbb kritikus adat a wiki adatbázisban tárolódik, amelyről jellemzően egyszerű másolatot készíteni. Ha MySQL-t használsz, az adatbázist lehet dumpolhatodegy szkript fájlba, amelyet később újra felhasználhatsz, hogy létrehozd az adatbázist és az összes adatot egy összeomlás után.

Automysqlbackup
See the package on Debian:

$ apt show automysqlbackup [...] Description: automysqlbackup creates backup every day, week and month for all of your MySQL database, to a configured folder. There's nothing to do but to install this package, and you'll rest assured that you have a way to go back in the history of your database. [...]

Install the package:


 * 1) apt install automysqlbackup

All your databases will be saved in /var/lib/automysqlbackup/:

$ find /var/lib/automysqlbackup/ /var/lib/automysqlbackup/ /var/lib/automysqlbackup/weekly /var/lib/automysqlbackup/weekly/my_wiki /var/lib/automysqlbackup/weekly/my_wiki/my_wiki_week.18.2016-05-07_15h32m.sql.gz /var/lib/automysqlbackup/monthly /var/lib/automysqlbackup/daily /var/lib/automysqlbackup/daily/my_wiki

Manual backup:


 * 1) automysqlbackup

Restore a database:

For other distributions, see on Sourceforge.

Mysqldump parancssorból
The most convenient way to create a dump file of the database you want to back up is to use the standard MySQL dump tool mysqldump from the command line. Be sure to get the parameters right or you may have difficulty restoring the database. Depending on database size, mysqldump could take a considerable amount of time.

Először illeszd be a következő sort a LocalSettings.php-be.

$wgReadOnly = 'Dumping Database, Access will be restored shortly';

Ezt később majd el kell távolítani amint a dump lefutott.

Példa egy Linux/UNIX shellben futtatható parancsra:

mysqldump -h hostname -u userid -p --default-character-set=whatever dbname > backup.sql

Ahol a,  ,  , és a   behelyettesítendő. Mind a négy a saját LocalSettings.php (LSP) fájlodban megtalálható. A  a $wgDBserver után található; alapértelmezetten ez localhost. A  a $wgDBuser után található,   a $wgDBTableOptions sorban található, a   után. Ha a  nincs megadva a mysqldump az alapértelmezett utf8, vagy régebbi MySQL esetén, latin1 kódolást fog használni. A  a $wgDBname után található. A parancs futtatása után a mysqldump bekéri a szerver root jelszavát (ami a Manual:$wgDBpassword után található az LSP-ben).

See mysqldump for a full list of command line parameters.

The output from mysqldump can instead be piped to gzip, for a smaller output file, as follows

mysqldump -h hostname -u userid -p dbname | gzip > backup.sql.gz

A similar mysqldump command can be used to produce XML output instead, by including the --xml parameter.

mysqldump -h hostname -u userid -p --xml dbname > backup.xml

and to compress the file with a pipe to gzip

mysqldump -h hostname -u userid -p --xml dbname | gzip > backup.xml.gz

Remember to also backup the file system components of the wiki that might be required, e.g., images, logo, and extensions.

Running mysqldump with Cron
Cron is the time-based job scheduler in Unix-like computer operating systems. Cron enables users to schedule jobs (commands or shell scripts) to run periodically at certain times or dates.

A sample command that you may run from a crontab may look like this:  nice -n 19 mysqldump -u $USER --password=$PASSWORD $DATABASE -c | nice -n 19 gzip -9 > ~/backup/wiki-$DATABASE-$(date '+%Y%m%d').sql.gz The  lowers the priority of the process.

Use valid values for,  , and. This will write a backup file with the weekday in the filename so you would have a rolling set of backups. If you want to save the files and extensions as well, you might want to use this one.

If you want to add this task in Cron through Cpanel then you must escape the character "%" /usr/bin/mysqldump -u $USER --password=$PASSWORD $DATABASE -c | /bin/gzip > ~/backup/wiki-$DATABASE-$(date '+\%Y\%m\%d').sql.gz

or you will get an error: /bin/sh: -c: line 0: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `'' /bin/sh: -c: line 1: syntax error: unexpected end of file

Tables
Under close examination one finds that some of the tables dumped have various degrees of temporariness. So to save disk space (beyond just gziping), although those tables need to be present in a proper dump, their data does not. However, under certain circumstances the disadvantage of having to rebuild all this data may outweigh the saving in disk space (for example, on a large wiki where restoration speed is paramount).

See mailing list thread mysql5 binary schema about the topic.

Latin-1 to UTF-8 conversion
See the relevant section of the upgrading page for information about this process. Also see the talk page for more information about working with character sets in general.

PostgreSQL
You can use the  tool to back up a MediaWiki PostgreSQL database. For example: pg_dump mywiki > mywikidump.sql will dump the  database to mywikidump.sql.

To restore the dump: psql mywiki -f mywikidump.sql

You may also want to dump the global information, e.g. the database users:

pg_dumpall --globals > postgres_globals.sql

phpMyAdmin
Turn your wiki to read only by adding  to LocalSettings.php.

Open the browser to your phpadmin link, login, choose the wiki database. (Check LocalSettings.php if you're not sure). Select Export. Make sure all items under Export are highlighted, and make sure Structure is highlighted (it's important to maintain the table structure). Optionally check Add DROP TABLE to delete existing references when importing. Make sure Data is checked. Select zipped. Then click on GO and save the backup file.

Remove  from LocalSettings.php

Remember to also backup the file system components of the wiki that might be required, eg. images, logo, and extensions.

HeidiSQL
HeidiSQL is similar to phpMyAdmin, but without any restrictions of phpMyAdmin's free version. HeidiSQL requires a direct database connection, where some hosts may only offer web interfaces (phpMyAdmin) to firewalled databases.

File system
MediaWiki stores other components of the wiki in the file system where this is more appropriate than insertion into the database, for example, site configuration files (,  (finally removed in 1.23)), image files (including deleted images, thumbnails and rendered math and SVG images, if applicable), skin customisations, extension files, etc.

The best method to back these up is to place them into an archive file, such as a  file, which can then be compressed if desired. On Windows, applications such as WinZip or 7-zip can be used if preferred.

For Linux variants, assuming the wiki is stored in /srv/www/htdocs/wiki tar zcvhf wikidata.tgz /srv/www/htdocs/wiki It should be possible to backup the entire "wiki" folder in "htdocs" if using XAMPP.

Backup the content of the wiki (XML dump)
It is also a good idea to create an XML dump in addition to the database dump. XML dumps contain the content of the wiki (wiki pages with all their revisions), without the site-related data (they do not contain user accounts, image metadata, logs, etc).

XML dumps are less likely to cause problems with character encoding, as a means of transfering large amounts of content quickly, and are easily be used by third party tools, which makes XML dumps a good fallback should your main database dump become unusable.

To create an XML dump, use the command-line tool, located in the   directory of your MediaWiki installation. See Manual:dumpBackup.php for more details.

You can also create an XML dump for a specific set of pages online, using Special:Export, although attempting to dump large quantities of pages through this interface will usually time out.

To import an XML dump into a wiki, use the command-line tool. For a small set of pages, you can also use the Special:Import page via your browser (by default, this is restricted to the sysop group). As an alternative to  and , you can use MWDumper, which is faster, but requires a Java runtime environment.

See Manual:Importing XML dumps for more information.

Without shell access to the server
If you have no shell access, then use the WikiTeam Python script dumpgenerator.py from a DOS, Unix or Linux command-line. Requires Python v2 (v3 doesn't yet work).

To get an XML, with edit histories, dump and a dump of all images plus their descriptions. Without extensions and LocalSettings.php configs.

Full instructions are at the WikiTeam tutorial.

See also Data dumps.

Scripts

 * Unofficial backup script by User:Duesentrieb.
 * Unofficial backup script by Flominator; creates a backup of all files and the database, with optional backup rotation.
 * User:Darizotas/MediaWiki Backup Script for Windows - a script for backing up a Windows MediaWiki install. Note: Has no restore feature.
 * Unofficial web-based backup script, mw_tools, by Wanglong (allwiki.com); you can use it to back up your database, or use the backup files to recover the database, the operation is very easy.
 * WikiTeam tools - if you do not have server access (e.g. your wiki is in a free wikifarm), you can generate an XML dump and an image dump using WikiTeam tools (see some saved wikis)
 * Another backup script that: dumps DB, files, and XML; puts the site into read-only mode; timestamps backups; and reads the charset from LocalSettings. Script does not need to be modified for each site to be backed up. Does not (yet) rotate old backups. Usage:
 * Script to make periodical backups mw_backup. This script will make daily, weekly and monthly backups of your database and images directory when run as a daily cron job.
 * Script to make periodical backups mw_backup. This script will make daily, weekly and monthly backups of your database and images directory when run as a daily cron job.