Manual:FAQ/it

Dove scarico MediaWiki?
L'ultima versione stabile di MediaWiki può essere scaricata da download.wikimedia.org o da Sourceforge. I file sono compressi in .tar.gz. MediaWiki può anche essere ottenuto direttamente via SVN. Vedi anche Download

Come installo MediaWiki?
Installare MediaWiki richiede tra i 10 e i 30 minuti, e include l'upload e la copia dei fie e l'esecuzione dell'installer per la configurazione.

Istruzioni complete possono essere trovate nel file  INSTALL presente nella distribuzione.

Come installo MediWiki usando un sistema di gestione pacchetti?
Molte distribuzioni di Linux supportano l'istallazione tramite la gestione di pacchetti. Il team di sviluppo di MediaWiki rimanda alla distribuzione di Linux per assistenza all'installazione. Le varie comunità o società che mantengono le distribuzioni dovrebbero poterti aiutare

Posso installare più di una wiki su un server che usa MediaWiki?
È possibile installare più di una wiki su un server a patto che: O
 * Si usi un database differente per ogni wiki
 * Si usi un prefisso del database differente per ogni wiki

Per informazioni su queste opzioni vedi rispettivamente $wgDBname e $wgDBprefix.

Per informazioni su una famiglia di wiki, vedi Manual:Wiki family.

Per informazioni su un modo alternativo, vedi il sito di Steve Rumberg.

MediaWiki funziona con la modalità sicura attivata?
Si ma a basso regime. Vedi Safe mode.

MediaWiki richiede l'accesso alla shell?
L'accesso alla shell (SSH access) non è obbligatorio per l'installazione di MediaWiki, ma è caldamente raccomandato. Senza accesso alla shell, si possono avere difficoltà per il backup o l'aggiornamento. In generale, senza accesso alla shell non è possibile effettuare operazioni di manutenzione.

Come aggiungo un namespace extra?
Per aggiungere un namespace, bisogna modificare LocalSettings.php, ed aggiungere il namespace via $wgExtraNamespaces. Puoi anche aggiungere il codice seguente per aggiungere un namespace "Portale" ed il suo corrispondente namespace di discussione.


 * $wgExtraNamespaces = array(100 => "Portale", 101 => "Discussioni_portale");

NB: Assicurati di aggiungere underscores invece che spazi, come in Discussioni_portale. Altrimenti il namespace non verrà chiamato nel modo giusto.

Come abilito l'upload?
L'upload di file è un'opzione molto usata di MediaWiki, ma è disabilitata di default in tutte le versioni. Per abilitarla, crea la cartella di upload (images di default) modificabile dal server (chmod 777 o abilitare l'utente Apache a scriverci, ecc.), poi modifica $wgEnableUploads true in LocalSettings.php ( "$wgEnableUploads = true;"). Vedi Manual:Configuring file uploads per ulteriori informazioni.

Come abilito l'uso di formule matematiche?
MediaWiki supporta l'uso di formule tramite un programma chiamato texvc che usa il LaTeX per la resa finale. Vedi Manual:Math per le istruzioni.

Come svuoto la cache di una pagina?
Per svuotare la cache di una pagina, aggiungi &action=purge alla fine dell'URL dinamico.

es. http://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=purge

Notare che l'URL deve usare il nome della directory attiva (/w/ di default) al posto di quella statica (/wiki/ di default). Aggiungengolo alla fine di un URL statico (es. http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Main_Page&action=purge) verrai portato alla pagina contenente il comando di pulizia alla fine (in questo caso, "Main Page&action=purge").

Vedi anche: Manual:Purge, Manual:Parameters_to_index.php

Come abilito l'upload di alri formati?
MediaWiki richiede che abilitare l'upload di alri formati sia specificato con la configurazione della variabile $wgFileExtensions. Di solito questa variabile è situata in LocalSettings.php nel root dell'installazione MediaWiki.

Per esempio, per abilitare l'upload di file PDF, bisogna aggiungere le seguenti righe di codice in LocalSettings.php:

NB: La sintssi è differente se si vuole abilitare l'upload di più di un tipo di file. Per fare questo, usa un array come nell'esempio che abilita il caricamento dei file in png, gif, jpg, jpeg, pdf, e txt.

Vedi Manual:Configuring file uploads per ulteriori informazioni.

"Il file ha un'estensione non valida o è corrotto"
Qualche utente ha riportato che dopo aver aggiunto un formato, è venuto fuori questo errore. Il testo dell'errore è principalmente il seguente:


 * Il file ha un'estensione non valida o è corrotto. Controlla l'estensione e riprova

Possibili soluzioni:


 * Imposta il valore di $wgMimeDetectorCommand, es. su Unix o Linux, dovrebbe essere
 * $wgMimeDetectorCommand = "file --brief --mime";
 * Compila/installa l'estensione per PHP fileinfo
 * su fedora - yum install php-pecl-Fileinfo

Vedi Manual:Mime type detection per ulteriori informazioni.

L'utente iniziale non è stato creato dall'installer
A volte, l'installer non riesce a creare l'utente di default, o questo è perso per qualche motivo. Ci sono un paio di soluzioni:

maintenance/createAndPromote.php

 * Assicurati che AdminSettings.php sia attivato (vedi AdminSettings.sample)
 * Esegui maintenance/createAndPromote.php</tt> dalla shell

Questo creerà un nuovo utente e lo promuoverà amministratore. Per aiuto, dai al programma il parametro --help</tt>.

Alterare il database
dove  è l'ID dell'utente, visibile dalle preferenze.
 * Registra un nuovo account normalmente (Special:Userlogin).
 * Controlla l'ID dell'utente in Special:Preferences.
 * Esegui le azioni SQL sul database:
 * Per MediaWiki 1.5 e successivi:
 * Per MediaWiki 1.4:
 * Per MediaWiki 1.3e precedenti:

<!--== Changing the interface ==

How do I change the logo?
The logo that appears in the top left of each page is determined by the $wgLogo configuration setting in the LocalSettings.php file.

To change this you simply need to change the value of $wgLogo to point to the URL of your own logo image. You can upload a file via the wiki and use that address (which allows it to be replaced easily, so you may want to protect the page if you use this method) or use an image uploaded to your server via other means.

It is possible to simply overwrite the default logo installed with MediaWiki, but this is strongly advised against, as an upgrade may end up overwriting it or change the default location of this file.

Tip: The logo image should be 135 pixels square.

How do I customize the logo in the top left corner? Can I?
The logo is a portlet block without a pBody section. It is identified by the p-logo id. The background image is specified by the wgLogo variable, which is defined in /includes/DefaultSettings.php. This location is relative to the web server root and not the system root. Redefine this in /LocalSettings.php to change the image. If set wrong there will be no image on the page; check your web server error log and adjust accordingly. However the size of the p-logo will need to be big enough for the logo if it is not to be clipped. This is set in the stylesheet (Main.css in monobook), under the p-logo style, the default setting is:

How do I customize the URL of the logo in the top left corner when you click it?
By default, clicking the logo takes you to the main page. If you want to change which page is the main page, edit MediaWiki:Mainpage. Or to make the link go to any arbitrary URL, for Monobook skin, edit Monobook.php and find and replace  with the URL of your choice and replace   with the desired link title.

Reducing the size of the logo
Note that a tag is on top of the logo so if you are trying to reduce the size of the logo's portlet you will also need to change the #p-logo a and #p-logo a:hover rules. The default setting for these is:

This simple customization will re-define the size of all of them at once... There is one more rule controlling the amount of space between the logo and first portlet in the side column - the padding on the top of #column-one. By default this is: If you want to remove the logo completely, comment out the wgLogo variable. Then set the column-one padding to a small value, such as 21:

You don't have to go edit the css file directly. You can go to <Your Wiki URL>?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css. Hit edit and make your changes there. This has preference over the monobook main css.

How do I change the icon in the browser's address line (favicon)?

 * Simply replace the favicon.ico image file at the root of your wiki with the .ico image file you want.
 * Alternatively edit the $wgFavicon setting in LocalSettings.php and add $wgFavicon = "$wgScriptPath/path/to/your/favicon.ico";

Rewrite Rule
If you are using a rewrite rule in .htaccess to remove "index.php" from the URL, you will also need to add an exception for .ico files. Simply add the following rule to your .htaccess:


 * RewriteRule .*\.ico$ - [L]

This rule must appear before the index.php rule.

Case Sensitivity
When uploading the favicon file, be sure the filename is in lowercase. (That is, "favicon.ico", not "Favicon.ico".) A lot of servers (e.g., those on UNIX-like operating systems) will not be able to find the file unless its name is in lowercase.

How do I customize the navigation bar?
The contents of the navigation bar which appears to the left of each page using the Monobook skin are determined by the MediaWiki:Sidebar page. For information on customising these, please see Manual:Navigation bar.

How do I put a text message (sitenotice) on every page?
Put a text in the MediaWiki:Sitenotice page. It will be displayed on top of every article page.

How do I change the main page?
By default, MediaWiki looks for a page with the title Main Page and serves this as the default page. This can be changed by altering the contents of MediaWiki:Mainpage to point to a different title. If this does not change the 'Main Page' link included on the sidebar at install time, edit MediaWiki:Sidebar.

How do I hide the main page title?
MediaWiki does not have a built-in option to hide the main page title (see bug 6129). Instead you must use JavaScript or CSS.

Pre-1.9
Before MediaWiki 1.9, you will need to use JavaScript. Some code that may or may not work is as follows (replace "Main Page" with the name of your main page if it differs):

Alternatively, you can manually apply the patch from r17119 to your copy of MediaWiki and use the solution for 1.9.

1.9 and above
In 1.9 and above, you can rely on CSS to hide it. Replace "Main_Page" with the appropriate page name, here with spaces replaced by underscores.

If that doesn't work, look at the HTML source code to find the correct class to replace "page-Main_Page" with:

If no such class exists, then you cannot use this feature. You may be using a custom or outdated skin.

How can I hide the table of contents?
The table of contents (TOC) is automatically shown once there are four or more headings in the article. The are multiple ways to hide it.

For one page
Place the magic word  </tt> into the page markup.

For all pages
Edit the CSS files; locate the style for the table of contents and add display: none;</tt> to the definition.

Per user
Users can also opt to have the table of contents hidden. This is a user preference, set in Special:Preferences.

How do I change the interface text?
Interface text is altered using the MediaWiki namespace. For each deviation from the default in the site language there is a page MediaWiki:Englishmessagename, and for each deviation from the default in each other language a page MediaWiki:Englishmessagename/languagecode. (Since release 1.9 there are no pages for messages equal to the default.). On creation of a page the edit box autofills with the default. When creating a page to override the default it is useful to first save the default version, to allow diffs with it. See also meta:Help:System messages.


 * For a list of system messages, see Special:Allmessages
 * To switch off the MediaWiki namespace, see the $wgUseDatabaseMessages configuration setting
 * To remove the Privacy policy or Disclaimers links at the bottom of each page, set the content of pages MediaWiki:Privacy or MediaWiki:Disclaimers respectively to a single minus sign.

How do I change the interface language?
To change the default interface language, alter the value of $wgLanguageCode</tt> in LocalSettings.php</tt>, e.g.



How can I prevent editing by anonymous users?

 * 1) The recommended method is by changing the value of the  configuration option. Edit   and add the line: For more information on using these options, see the Preventing access page.
 * 2) Alternatively you could manually edit each skin's PHP source to not display the relevant tabs.


 * For the default MonoBook skin, search for this line in the  file:
 * and insert this conditional around the code inside the  block:
 * and insert this conditional around the code inside the  block:

<!-- ==Why...?==

...is the Help namespace empty?
We don't currently have a clean, internationalised set of help pages under a free license. A few developers are hoping to make this possible; however, the Help namespace currently ships in a blank state. You are free to add your own help pages, copy the Public Domain help pages or copy certain of the items from Meta, e.g. the user guide or MediaWiki Handbook, these two collections being free to use under the GNU Free Documentation License.

...are some of my images not showing up after an upgrade?
Several users have reported that, following an upgrade or a moving of their wiki, several images fail to be shown inline. The files exist, and the image description pages show a MIME type of unknown / unknown</tt> and, in some cases, a warning about potentially dangerous files.

To fix this, run the maintenance/rebuildImages.php</tt> script from the command line. This will set MIME information for each file in the database.

...are all PNG files not being turned into thumbnails?
After upgrading to a more recent version of PHP, it is possible a different MimeMagic.php function is being used to detect file MIME types, particularly the built-in PHP function mime_content_type, which fails to detect PNG files. Search the web for mime_content_type png for information on fixing this bug at the PHP level, possibly by editing your magic.mime file.

See here for more info.

...is a search for a short keyword giving no hits?
By default, MediaWiki uses MyISAM's fulltext matching functionality to allow searching page content. The default settings for this mean that words of less than four characters won't be indexed, so results won't be returned for those queries.

To alter this behaviour, MySQL needs to be reconfigured to index shorter terms, and MediaWiki's search index table needs to be repaired, to rebuild the indices.


 * For help on reconfiguring MySQL, see http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/fulltext-fine-tuning.html
 * To repair the search index table, run the query  against your database

...can't I download MediaWiki 1.12?
MediaWiki 1.12 is in a development state at present, and has not been packaged into a general release. The code can be downloaded from Subversion if desired.

...doesn't this work? It works on Wikipedia!
Wikipedia and other Wikimedia web sites use the current version of the code in development; at present, this is MediaWiki 1.12alpha. Coupled with the use of several extensions, this means that functionality between these wikis and your particular setup may differ.


 * To obtain the current development code, read Important Release Notes
 * To check what version a Wikimedia wiki is running, as well as what extensions are installed, visit the Special:Version page for that wiki

...do I get a 403 Forbidden error after setting permissions on my Fedora system?
Fedora Core enables SELinux by default. Instructions for setting SELinux permissions for MediaWiki are available.

...do I get logged out constantly?
This is probably related to cookies or session data, for example a problem with PHP's session.save_path setting. See Log in problems.

...is it a good idea to keep user accounts?
At many times you just want to remove a user account out of the wiki either because it belonged to a spammer account or you just feel like it. The appropriate choice is to block the account or rename it if needed. Here is why:

Do I just remove his row from the User table?

Rob Church posted the following regarding this issue on the mediawiki-l mailing list:

"If the user has made edits, then removing rows from the user table cause theoretical loss of referential integrity. Now, to be honest with you, I can't think of any conditions where this would cause an actual problem; "undefined behaviour" is the phrase we use.

What I'd suggest doing, to be on the safe side, is running a couple of quick updates against the database:



What this will do is cause MediaWiki to treat the revisions as having been made anonymously when generating things like page histories, which should eliminate any problems caused by these routines attempting to check user details from other tables.

If the user has caused log entries, i.e. rows in the logging table, or uploaded images, then the situation becomes trickier, as you'll have to start mopping up all the rows everywhere and it could become a bit of a mess, so if the user's done anything other than edit, I would strongly recommend just blocking them indefinitely.

If the username is offensive or undesirable, then you could consider renaming it using the RenameUser extension."-->

---Work in progress---