wfSpecialWhatlinkshere missing in \includes\SpecialWhatLinksHere
The instructions you followed are horribly outdated, which is why they didn't work.
As a general rule, we recommend against patching mediawiki, because it makes upgrades difficult, and often causes unforeseen problems down the road.
(For reference, that special page is now made includable/not-includable based on which class it extends in includes/specials/SpecialWhatlinkshere.php)
Thanks for taking the time to reply.
What exactly should I change it to extend in order to get it to work as an embedded page? And how would I then go about calling it from my page?
Thanks again!
In theory you can change the line class SpecialWhatLinksHere extends SpecialPage { to class SpecialWhatLinksHere extends IncludableSpecialPage { in the file includes/specials/SpecialWhatlinkshere.php
However, there could be more complications then that to make it work. Pages that aren't marked as includable, often are not marked as includable for a reason. Often they won't work as expected when included or cause other problems. Furthermore, we generally discourage people custom-patching MediaWiki unless they really know what they are doing since it makes updating harder, and often causes unforeseen bugs.